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Substance UseHEAL TogetherNCT04248933

Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation for Methadone Adherence - Pilot Phase

A study testing Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation (Peer Activate) in people with Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders, run by University of Maryland, College Park at 2 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a peer-led, brief, behavioral intervention to improve adherence to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among low-income, minoritized individuals living with opioid use disorder (OUD) in Baltimore, Maryland. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation (Peer Activate)
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
37 participants
Where
2 sitesUnited States
Study dates
9 Oct 2020to 31 Jan 2022
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Initiated methadone at the study site or demonstrated challenges with methadone adherence in the past three months (e.g., at least one indicator of a missed methadone dose)
  • Minimum of 18 years old

Who cannot join

  • Demonstrating active, unstable or untreated psychiatric symptoms, including mania and/or psychosis that would interfere with study participation
  • Inability to understand the study and provide informed consent in English
  • Positive pregnancy status at enrollment

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

United States2 sites
  • University of Maryland Baltimore Drug Treatment Center

    Baltimore, Maryland, 21223

  • University of Maryland, College Park

    College Park, Maryland, 20742

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation Intervention to Improve Adherence to MAT Among Low-Income, Minority Individuals With OUD - Pilot Phase

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a peer-led, brief, behavioral intervention to improve adherence to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among low-income, minoritized individuals living with opioid use disorder (OUD) in Baltimore, Maryland. The intervention is based on behavioral activation (BA) and is specifically designed to be implemented by a trained peer recovery specialist. In this pilot trial, the investigators will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of this approach (implementation outcomes) and preliminary effectiveness on methadone treatment retention at three months.

Read the detailed description

Opioid use disorder (OUD) disproportionately affects low-income, racial/ethnic minorities (Stahler, 2018). MOUD is efficacious for treating OUD. However, adherence to MOUD is often low, which includes poor treatment retention, especially among low-income, racial/ethnic minority individuals (Stahler, 2018;Williams, 2017). This may be due to barriers such as stigma, challenges navigating services, housing instability, fluctuating motivation and readiness, and other structural and psychosocial factors (Timko, 2016;Carroll, 2015).

Peer recovery specialists (PRSs) may be uniquely suited to address these barriers to retention (Jack, 2017;Bassuk, 2016). PRSs are trained individuals who have a personal, lived experience with substance use. Using their lived experience, PRSs can support individuals with OUD to stay retained in care. Rapid increases in the use of PRSs nationwide demonstrate the appeal of employing PRSs as a potentially sustainable solution to support the behavioral treatment needs in OUD care. Yet, few evidence-based interventions have been evaluated for PRS delivery to promote MOUD retention.

Prior research has been inconclusive regarding psychosocial interventions to support MOUD retention (Timko, 2016; Carroll, 2017). Reinforcement-based approaches, such as contingency management, have empirical support for improving MOUD retention, but also can have low adoption in community settings due to organizational and provider barriers, including cost in medically underserved areas (Timko, 2016; Carroll, 2017; Carroll, 2015). Successful interventions need to be not only effective in improving MOUD retention, but also be feasible and sustainable to deliver for underserved populations.

Behavioral activation (BA) may be a feasible, scalable, reinforcement-based approach for improving MOUD retention for low-income, minority individuals with OUD (Magidson, 2011). Originally developed as an efficacious treatment for depression, BA aims to increase positive reinforcement by promoting engagement in adaptive, valued behaviors (Lejuez, 2011). By targeting increases in positive reinforcement, BA has been effective in improving substance use disorder (SUD) treatment retention and preventing future relapse among low-income, minority individuals with SUD. Further, BA has improved medication adherence (i.e., for HIV) among low-income, minority populations with SUD, as well as depression, which may also be a barrier to MOUD retention. Importantly for implementation, BA has previously been implemented in low-resource settings (largely internationally) using lay health workers (e.g., peers, community health workers). However, to date, prior work has yet to evaluate a PRS-delivered BA intervention to support MOUD retention.

This study builds upon formative work to adapt and evaluate PRS-delivered BA to support MOUD retention for low-income, minoritized individuals initiating methadone at an outpatient, opioid treatment program in a medically underserved community in Baltimore, Maryland (Magidson, 2011; Magidson, 2018; Satinsky, 2020). The current study has three phases, the first being formative, qualitative work, to adapt the proposed treatment approach. The second phase is a pilot trial (current phase). The pilot trial is an open-label, Type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial assessing the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity (implementation outcomes) of a PRS-delivered BA intervention for MOUD retention in methadone treatment, and evaluating retention in the methadone program at three months (primary effectiveness outcome).

Being tested
Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation (Peer Activate)
Keywords
Substance-Related Disorders, Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, Opioid Crisis, Epidemic, Opioid, Opioid Addiction, Treatment Adherence, Retention in Care
Medical subject headings
Substance-Related Disorders, Opioid-Related Disorders, Treatment Adherence and Compliance

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation (Peer Activate)Behavioural

    The Peer Activate intervention consisted of weekly one-hour BA sessions led by a peer recovery specialist (PRS) for up to 12 weekly sessions, with the first five being the core treatment sessions and content, and the subsequent seven designed to reinforce core content. In these sessions, participants received individualized support in learning skills to assist in their retention and persistence in methadone treatment and were guided through exercises aimed at incorporating substance-free, rewarding activities into their daily life.

Study groups in NCT04248933
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation ("Peer Activate")ExperimentalParticipants received a peer recovery specialist-delivered behavioral activation (BA) intervention ("Peer Activate") to address barriers to retention in methadone treatment and increase substance-free, positive reinforcement to support retention.
Receives: Behavioral: Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation (Peer Activate)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. MOUD Retention Rate: % of Patients Retained at 3 Months

    Percent of patients retained in MOUD treatment at three months (i.e. still engaged in care) after intervention enrollment.

    Measured: Measured daily from intake to post-treatment (approximately 12-weeks)

  2. Intervention Feasibility: % of Patients Who Agree to Participate in the Intervention

    Feasibility, defined as the suitability and practicability of the approach, was measured quantitatively as the % of patients who agreed to participate in the intervention.

    Measured: Assessed between the baseline assessment and the acute outcome (approximately 12-weeks post-baseline assessment/ post-treatment assessment)

Secondary outcomes (2)
  1. Intervention Acceptability: % of Patients Who Attend ≥75% Sessions

    Acceptability, defined as satisfaction with or tolerability of the proposed approach, was measured quantitatively by session attendance. Specifically, we measured the % of patients who attended ≥75% of core intervention sessions.

    Measured: Assessed between the baseline assessment and the acute outcome (approximately 12-weeks post-baseline assessment/ post-treatment assessment)

  2. Intervention Fidelity: Percentage of Intervention Components Delivered by Peer as Intended

    Fidelity, defined as the delivery of the intervention as intended, was measured based on PRS adherence to the intervention delivery. A random selection of 20% of sessions was rated for fidelity, and we assessed the % of intervention components delivered as intended.

    Measured: Assessed between the baseline assessment and the acute outcome (approximately 12-weeks post-baseline assessment/ post-treatment assessment)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted30 Jan 2020
  2. Study start9 Oct 2020
  3. Primary completion19 Oct 2021
  4. Study completion31 Jan 2022

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
37 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04248933
Sponsor's protocol ID
1531148
Other IDs
R61AT010799
Acronym
HEAL Together
Status last verified
Nov 2022
First submitted
15 Jan 2020
Last updated
2 Dec 2022
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: After all primary analyses are complete, de-identified data will be available per request of outside individual.

Publications

  • Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, Griffey R, Hensley M. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2011 Mar;38(2):65-76. doi: 10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7.

    PubMed 20957426
  • Stahler GJ, Mennis J. Treatment outcome disparities for opioid users: Are there racial and ethnic differences in treatment completion across large US metropolitan areas? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Sep 1;190:170-178. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.006. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

    PubMed 30041092
  • Williams AR, Nunes E, Olfson M. To battle the opioid overdose epidemic, deploy the 'Cascade of Care' model. Health Affairs Blog 2017 doi: 10.1377/hblog20170313.059163. Epub: 2017 Mar 13.

  • Timko C, Schultz NR, Cucciare MA, Vittorio L, Garrison-Diehn C. Retention in medication-assisted treatment for opiate dependence: A systematic review. J Addict Dis. 2016;35(1):22-35. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2016.1100960. Epub 2015 Oct 14.

    PubMed 26467975
  • Jack HE, Oller D, Kelly J, Magidson JF, Wakeman SE. Addressing substance use disorder in primary care: The role, integration, and impact of recovery coaches. Subst Abus. 2018;39(3):307-314. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2017.1389802. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

    PubMed 28991516
  • Bassuk EL, Hanson J, Greene RN, Richard M, Laudet A. Peer-Delivered Recovery Support Services for Addictions in the United States: A Systematic Review. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016 Apr;63:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 13.

    PubMed 26882891
  • Carroll KM, Weiss RD. The Role of Behavioral Interventions in Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment: A Review. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Aug 1;174(8):738-747. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16070792. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

    PubMed 27978771
  • Carroll KM. Lost in translation? Moving contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy into clinical practice. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Oct;1327(1):94-111. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12501. Epub 2014 Sep 9.

    PubMed 25204847
  • Magidson JF, Gorka SM, MacPherson L, Hopko DR, Blanco C, Lejuez CW, Daughters SB. Examining the effect of the Life Enhancement Treatment for Substance Use (LETS ACT) on residential substance abuse treatment retention. Addict Behav. 2011 Jun;36(6):615-623. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.016. Epub 2011 Jan 21.

    PubMed 21310539
  • Magidson JF, Regan S, Jack HE, Wakeman SE. Reduced hospitalizations and increased abstinence six months after recovery coach contact. American Society of Addiction Medicine. San Diego, CA, 2018.

  • Satinsky EN, Doran K, Felton JW, Kleinman M, Dean D, Magidson JF. Adapting a peer recovery coach-delivered behavioral activation intervention for problematic substance use in a medically underserved community in Baltimore City. PLoS One. 2020 Jan 31;15(1):e0228084. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228084. eCollection 2020.

    PubMed 32004328
  • Lejuez CW, Hopko DR, Acierno R, Daughters SB, Pagoto SL. Ten year revision of the brief behavioral activation treatment for depression: revised treatment manual. Behav Modif. 2011 Mar;35(2):111-61. doi: 10.1177/0145445510390929.

    PubMed 21324944
  • Kleinman MB, Anvari MS, Felton JW, Bradley VD, Belcher AM, Abidogun TM, Hines AC, Dean D, Greenblatt AD, Wagner M, Earnshaw VA, Magidson JF. Reduction in substance use stigma following a peer-recovery specialist behavioral activation intervention. Int J Drug Policy. 2024 Aug;130:104511. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104511. Epub 2024 Jul 13.

    PubMed 39003894

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Peer-Delivered Behavioral Activation (Peer Activate) in people with Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders, run by University of Maryland, College Park at 2 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Dec 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 2 Dec 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

MOUD Retention Rate: % of Patients Retained at 3 Months (time frame: Measured daily from intake to post-treatment (approximately 12-weeks)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04248933, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Dec 2022.

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