COVID-19 Complicated With Refractory Intestinal InfectionsNCT04251767
Washed Microbiota Transplantation for Patients With 2019-nCoV Infection
A study testing washed microbiota transplantation in people with COVID-19 Complicated With Refractory Intestinal Infections, run by The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Gut dysbiosis co-exists in patients with coronavirus pneumonia. Some of these patients would develop secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The recent study on using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as rescue therapy in critically ill patients with AAD demonstrated the… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- COVID-19 Complicated With Refractory Intestinal Infections
- What is being tested?
- washed microbiota transplantation
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 5 Feb 2020to 30 Apr 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 14-70 years old
- 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (severe type)
- Subjects voluntarily participate in the clinical trial and sign the informed consent
Who cannot join
- Disturbance of consciousness
- Difficulty swallowing and frequent vomiting
- Patients requiring blood transfusion
- Pulmonary abscess, hepatitis, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, emphysema and pulmonary infarction
- Fungal and other identified pathogens infection
- Heart failure existed before diagnosis of novel coronavirus infection
Show all 10Show fewer
- Liver function: alanine aminotransferase > 500 U/L
- Patients requiring hemodialysis
- Taking anticoagulant drugs due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
- Other conditions that the investigator considers ineligible for clinical trial
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
China1 site
Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011
About this study
Official title: Washed Microbiota Transplantation for Patients With 2019-nCoV Infection: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Gut dysbiosis co-exists in patients with coronavirus pneumonia. Some of these patients would develop secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The recent study on using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as rescue therapy in critically ill patients with AAD demonstrated the important clinical benefits and safety of WMT. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the outcome of WMT combining with standard therapy for patients with 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia, especially for those patients with dysbiosis-related conditions.
Read the detailed description
An ongoing outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China. 2019-nCoV has caused a cluster of pneumonia cases, and posed continuing epidemic threat to China and even global health. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific effective treatment for the viral infection and the related serious complications. It is in urgent need to find a new specific effective treatment for the 2019-nCoV infection. According to Declaration of Helsinki and International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans, the desperately ill patients with 2019-nCov infection during disease outbreaks have a moral right to try unvalidated medical interventions (UMIs) and that it is therefore unethical to restrict access to UMIs to the clinical trial context.
There is a vital link between the intestinal tract and respiratory tract, which was exemplified by intestinal complications during respiratory disease and vice versa. Some of these patients can develop secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The recent study on using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as rescue therapy in critically ill patients with AAD demonstrated the important clinical benefits and safety of WMT. Additionally, the recent animal study provided direct evidence supporting that antibiotics could decrease gut microbiota and the lung stromal interferon signature and facilitate early influenza virus replication in lung epithelia. Importantly, the above antibiotics caused negative effects can be reversed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) which suggested that FMT might be able to induce a significant improvement in the respiratory virus infection. Another evidence is that the microbiota could confer protection against certain virus infection such as influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus by priming the immune response to viral evasion. The above results suggested that FMT might be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of virus-related pneumonia. The methodology of FMT recently was coined as WMT, which is dependent on the automatic facilities and washing process in a laboratory room. Patients underwent WMT with the decreased rate of adverse events and unchanged clinical efficacy in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the outcome of WMT combining with standard therapy for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, especially for those patients with dysbiosis-related conditions.
- Being tested
- washed microbiota transplantation, placebo
- Keywords
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Washed Microbiota Transplantation
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
washed microbiota transplantationOther
Also called microbiota transplantation, fecal microbiota transplantation
Washed microbiota suspension (5u) delivered through nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral.
Dose and frequency: 5u, once.
placeboOther
Also called edible suspension
Placebo (edible suspension of the same color as the washed microbiota suspension，5u) administered via nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral, combining with standard therapy.
Dose and frequency: 5u, once.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Observational group | Experimental | 5u washed microbiota suspension administered via nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral, combining with standard therapy. Receives: Other: washed microbiota transplantation |
| Control group | Placebo comparator | 5 u placebo (edible suspension of the same color as the washed microbiota suspension) administered via nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral, combining with standard therapy. Receives: Other: placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of participants with improvement from severe type to common type
Common type: Fever, respiratory tract and other symptoms, imaging examination shows pneumonia;
Severe type (meeting any of the following）: (1) Respiratory distress，respiratory rate ≥ 30 bmp; (2) Oxygen saturation ≤ 93%；(3)PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300mmHg.
Critically severe type (meeting any of the following）: (1) Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation; (2) Shock; (3) Combining with other organ failures, requiring ICU monitoring and treatment.
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Feb 2020
- Study start5 Feb 2020 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Apr 2020 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Apr 2020 (estimated)
Why it stopped: Follow new disciplines on disease control from government
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for COVID-19 Complicated With Refractory Intestinal InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Faming Zhang, The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Investigators
- Faming Zhang, MD; PHD, Principal investigator, The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04251767
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- WMT-YJ-202001
- Status last verified
- Mar 2020
- First submitted
- 30 Jan 2020
- Last updated
- 17 Mar 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bradley KC, Finsterbusch K, Schnepf D, Crotta S, Llorian M, Davidson S, Fuchs SY, Staeheli P, Wack A. Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection. Cell Rep. 2019 Jul 2;28(1):245-256.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.105.
PubMed 31269444Dai M, Liu Y, Chen W, Buch H, Shan Y, Chang L, Bai Y, Shen C, Zhang X, Huo Y, Huang D, Yang Z, Hu Z, He X, Pan J, Hu L, Pan X, Wu X, Deng B, Li Z, Cui B, Zhang F. Rescue fecal microbiota transplantation for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2019 Oct 21;23(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2604-5.
PubMed 31639033Ding X, Li Q, Li P, Zhang T, Cui B, Ji G, Lu X, Zhang F. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Drug Saf. 2019 Jul;42(7):869-880. doi: 10.1007/s40264-019-00809-2.
PubMed 30972640Dominguez-Diaz C, Garcia-Orozco A, Riera-Leal A, Padilla-Arellano JR, Fafutis-Morris M. Microbiota and Its Role on Viral Evasion: Is It With Us or Against Us? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 Jul 18;9:256. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00256. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31380299Ekbom A, Brandt L, Granath F, Lofdahl CG, Egesten A. Increased risk of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in a population suffering from COPD. Lung. 2008 May-Jun;186(3):167-172. doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9080-z. Epub 2008 Mar 11.
PubMed 18330638Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
PubMed 31986264London AJ. Social value, clinical equipoise, and research in a public health emergency. Bioethics. 2019 Mar;33(3):326-334. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12467. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
PubMed 30051635Marsland BJ, Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES. The Gut-Lung Axis in Respiratory Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 Nov;12 Suppl 2:S150-6. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-133AW.
PubMed 26595731Ng SC, Kamm MA, Yeoh YK, Chan PKS, Zuo T, Tang W, Sood A, Andoh A, Ohmiya N, Zhou Y, Ooi CJ, Mahachai V, Wu CY, Zhang F, Sugano K, Chan FKL. Scientific frontiers in faecal microbiota transplantation: joint document of Asia-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and Asia-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE). Gut. 2020 Jan;69(1):83-91. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319407. Epub 2019 Oct 14.
PubMed 31611298Wang H, Cui B, Li Q, Ding X, Li P, Zhang T, Yang X, Ji G, Zhang F. The Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Crohn's Disease: Findings from A Long-Term Study. Adv Ther. 2018 Nov;35(11):1935-1944. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0800-3. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
PubMed 30328062Zhang T, Lu G, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Shen Q, Li P, Chen Y, Yin H, Wang H, Marcella C, Cui B, Cheng L, Ji G, Zhang F. Washed microbiota transplantation vs. manual fecal microbiota transplantation: clinical findings, animal studies and in vitro screening. Protein Cell. 2020 Apr;11(4):251-266. doi: 10.1007/s13238-019-00684-8. Epub 2020 Jan 9.
PubMed 31919742
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Mar 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Washed Microbiota Transplantation for Patients With 2019-nCoV Infection: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04251767
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- WMT-YJ-202001
- Keywords
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Washed Microbiota Transplantation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: Follow new disciplines on disease control from government
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Feb 2020 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2020 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2020 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Gut dysbiosis co-exists in patients with coronavirus pneumonia. Some of these patients would develop secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The recent study on using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as rescue therapy in critically ill patients with AAD demonstrated the important clinical benefits and safety of WMT. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the outcome of WMT combining with standard therapy for patients with 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia, especially for those patients with dysbiosis-related conditions.
Detailed description
An ongoing outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China. 2019-nCoV has caused a cluster of pneumonia cases, and posed continuing epidemic threat to China and even global health. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific effective treatment for the viral infection and the related serious complications. It is in urgent need to find a new specific effective treatment for the 2019-nCoV infection. According to Declaration of Helsinki and International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans, the desperately ill patients with 2019-nCov infection during disease outbreaks have a moral right to try unvalidated medical interventions (UMIs) and that it is therefore unethical to restrict access to UMIs to the clinical trial context.
There is a vital link between the intestinal tract and respiratory tract, which was exemplified by intestinal complications during respiratory disease and vice versa. Some of these patients can develop secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The recent study on using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as rescue therapy in critically ill patients with AAD demonstrated the important clinical benefits and safety of WMT. Additionally, the recent animal study provided direct evidence supporting that antibiotics could decrease gut microbiota and the lung stromal interferon signature and facilitate early influenza virus replication in lung epithelia. Importantly, the above antibiotics caused negative effects can be reversed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) which suggested that FMT might be able to induce a significant improvement in the respiratory virus infection. Another evidence is that the microbiota could confer protection against certain virus infection such as influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus by priming the immune response to viral evasion. The above results suggested that FMT might be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of virus-related pneumonia. The methodology of FMT recently was coined as WMT, which is dependent on the automatic facilities and washing process in a laboratory room. Patients underwent WMT with the decreased rate of adverse events and unchanged clinical efficacy in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the outcome of WMT combining with standard therapy for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, especially for those patients with dysbiosis-related conditions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Observational group | Experimental | Other: washed microbiota transplantation5u washed microbiota suspension administered via nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral, combining with standard therapy. |
| Control group | Placebo comparator | Other: placebo5 u placebo (edible suspension of the same color as the washed microbiota suspension) administered via nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral, combining with standard therapy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 14-70 years old
- 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (severe type)
- Subjects voluntarily participate in the clinical trial and sign the informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Disturbance of consciousness
- Difficulty swallowing and frequent vomiting
- Patients requiring blood transfusion
- Pulmonary abscess, hepatitis, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, emphysema and pulmonary infarction
- Fungal and other identified pathogens infection
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| washed microbiota transplantationAlso: microbiota transplantation, fecal microbiota transplantationWashed microbiota suspension (5u) delivered through nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral. Dose and frequency: 5u, once. | Other | Observational group |
| placeboAlso: edible suspensionPlacebo (edible suspension of the same color as the washed microbiota suspension，5u) administered via nasogastric tube, nasojejunal tube or oral, combining with standard therapy. Dose and frequency: 5u, once. | Other | Control group |
Primary outcome
Number of participants with improvement from severe type to common type
Time frame: 2 weeks
Common type: Fever, respiratory tract and other symptoms, imaging examination shows pneumonia; Severe type (meeting any of the following）: (1) Respiratory distress，respiratory rate ≥ 30 bmp; (2) Oxygen saturation ≤ 93%；(3)PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300mmHg. Critically severe type (meeting any of the following）: (1) Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation; (2) Shock; (3) Combining with other organ failures, requiring ICU monitoring and treatment.
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Mar 2020.
- Background: PubMed 31269444Bradley KC, Finsterbusch K, Schnepf D, Crotta S, Llorian M, Davidson S, Fuchs SY, Staeheli P, Wack A. Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection. Cell Rep. 2019 Jul 2;28(1):245-256.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.105.
- Background: PubMed 31639033Dai M, Liu Y, Chen W, Buch H, Shan Y, Chang L, Bai Y, Shen C, Zhang X, Huo Y, Huang D, Yang Z, Hu Z, He X, Pan J, Hu L, Pan X, Wu X, Deng B, Li Z, Cui B, Zhang F. Rescue fecal microbiota transplantation for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2019 Oct 21;23(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2604-5.
- Background: PubMed 30972640Ding X, Li Q, Li P, Zhang T, Cui B, Ji G, Lu X, Zhang F. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Drug Saf. 2019 Jul;42(7):869-880. doi: 10.1007/s40264-019-00809-2.
- Background: PubMed 31380299Dominguez-Diaz C, Garcia-Orozco A, Riera-Leal A, Padilla-Arellano JR, Fafutis-Morris M. Microbiota and Its Role on Viral Evasion: Is It With Us or Against Us? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 Jul 18;9:256. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00256. eCollection 2019.
- Background: PubMed 18330638Ekbom A, Brandt L, Granath F, Lofdahl CG, Egesten A. Increased risk of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in a population suffering from COPD. Lung. 2008 May-Jun;186(3):167-172. doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9080-z. Epub 2008 Mar 11.
- Background: PubMed 31986264Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
- Background: PubMed 30051635London AJ. Social value, clinical equipoise, and research in a public health emergency. Bioethics. 2019 Mar;33(3):326-334. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12467. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
- Background: PubMed 26595731Marsland BJ, Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES. The Gut-Lung Axis in Respiratory Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 Nov;12 Suppl 2:S150-6. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-133AW.
- Background: PubMed 31611298Ng SC, Kamm MA, Yeoh YK, Chan PKS, Zuo T, Tang W, Sood A, Andoh A, Ohmiya N, Zhou Y, Ooi CJ, Mahachai V, Wu CY, Zhang F, Sugano K, Chan FKL. Scientific frontiers in faecal microbiota transplantation: joint document of Asia-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and Asia-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE). Gut. 2020 Jan;69(1):83-91. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319407. Epub 2019 Oct 14.
- Background: PubMed 30328062Wang H, Cui B, Li Q, Ding X, Li P, Zhang T, Yang X, Ji G, Zhang F. The Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Crohn's Disease: Findings from A Long-Term Study. Adv Ther. 2018 Nov;35(11):1935-1944. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0800-3. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
- Background: PubMed 31919742Zhang T, Lu G, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Shen Q, Li P, Chen Y, Yin H, Wang H, Marcella C, Cui B, Cheng L, Ji G, Zhang F. Washed microbiota transplantation vs. manual fecal microbiota transplantation: clinical findings, animal studies and in vitro screening. Protein Cell. 2020 Apr;11(4):251-266. doi: 10.1007/s13238-019-00684-8. Epub 2020 Jan 9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Faming Zhang, MD; PHD principal investigator
The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing washed microbiota transplantation in people with COVID-19 Complicated With Refractory Intestinal Infections, run by The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Mar 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of participants with improvement from severe type to common type (time frame: 2 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04251767, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Mar 2020.