AnalgesiaNCT04259502
Rhomboid Intercostal Block vs Erector Spina Plan Block for Peri-operative Analgesia in Mastectomy
A study testing Rhomboid intercostal block and Erector spinae plane block in people with Analgesia and Perioperative Analgesia, run by Kutahya Health Sciences University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery was documented in previous studies. Rhomboid intercostal block may be beneficial for analgesia in breast surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 29 to 79 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Analgesia, Perioperative Analgesia, Postoperative Analgesia
- What is being tested?
- Rhomboid intercostal block and Erector spinae plane block
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- Feb 2020to Aug 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 29 to 79 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients who are planned mastectomy under general anesthesia
Who cannot join
- Patients with severe cardiac and respiratory disease
- Severe coagulation disorder
- Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2
- Refusal of regional block
- Patients having local infection in block application area
- Contraindication of the standardized drugs in the study
- Insufficient postoperative analgesia requiring more potent opioids
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Kutahya Health Sciences University
Kütahya, Merkez, 43040
Onur Balaban, MD., +90 274 231 6660, obalabandr@gmail.com
Tayfun Aydın, MD.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Rhomboid Intercostal Block and Erector Spina Plan Block for Peri-operative Analgesia in Mastectomy
Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery was documented in previous studies. Rhomboid intercostal block may be beneficial for analgesia in breast surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the peri-operative analgesic effect of rhomboid intercostal block with erector spinae plane block in mastectomy operation. This trial was designed as prospective randomized single-blind study. The included patients will be assigned into two groups: RIB-Group where the patients will receive ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal block and ESP-Group where the patients will receive ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block prior to the operation. Primary outcome will be peri-operative pain scores and secondary outcomes will be peri-operative opioid consumption and peri-operative hemodynamic effect of these blocks.
Read the detailed description
Postoperative analgesia in breast surgery is important in reducing morbidity and mortality. Intravenous or oral analgesics may be used for this purpose. Ultrasound-guided fascia plane blocks are used to provide effective analgesia in mastectomy operations. Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery was documented in previous studies.
Rhomboid intercostal block may be beneficial for analgesia in breast surgery. Both blocks have the advantage of unilateral application in unilateral mastectomy operations. When administered pre-operatively, it also provides per-operative analgesia and may reduce per-operative opioid consumption. These blocks are applied under ultrasound-guidance with single injection. Since the site of injection is relatively superficial (between the back muscles and ribs) and applied under ultrasound-guidance, mechanical complications is expected to occur less. These low-cost blocks also may reduce the usage of high-cost and high-risk opioids after surgery. These blocks unilaterally anesthetize the nerves innervating the thoracic region and the axilla, thus providing effective per-operative and post-operative analgesia in mastectomy operations.
The aim of our study is to compare the rhomboid intercostal block with erector spina plane block in mastectomy in terms of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mastectomy operation. Our hypothesis is rhomboid intercostal block may reduce peri-operative pain as effective as or more effectively than erector spina plane block. Secondary hypothesis is rhomboid intercostal block may reduce peri-operative opioid consumption as effective as or more effectively than erector spina plane block. Thus, the study is defined as block technique comparison.
Eighty patients aged between 29-79 years who are planned mastectomy under general anesthesia will be included in the study. Patients with severe cardiac and respiratory disease, severe coagulation disorder, body mass index greater than 35, refusal of regional block and patients having local infection in block application area, contraindication of the standardized drugs in the study and patients with insufficient postoperative analgesia requiring more potent opioids will be excluded from the study.
The patients who meet the study criteria will be assigned into two groups by using computerized randomization. Patients who do not give consent will also be excluded from the study. All patients will be sedated with midazolam and fentanyl prior to block application. First group (RIB-Group) of patients will receive ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal block prior to the operation under sedation. Patients in the second group (ESP-Group) will receive ultrasound-guided erector spina plane block under sedation. Since both procedures will be performed from the same site, the study was considered as a single blind.
All patients will be intubated after induction of general anesthesia with Propofol 2 mg / kg, Rocuronium 0.6 mg / kg and Fentanyl 1.5 µg / kg. Mixture of Desflurane 6% concentration in 50% air and 50% oxygen will be used for the maintenance of general anesthesia. Patients in both groups will receive 1 µg / kg of fentanyl when pain occurs during surgery. Pre-operative and post-operative blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide values of patients in both groups will be measured and recorded at determined time intervals.
Patients will be followed for 48 hours after the operation. In the postoperative period, acetaminophen 1 g three times a day will be administered routinely in context of multimodal analgesia. Intravenous tramadol 1 mg/kg will also be administered depending on patient need up to 4 times a day. Total amount of perioperative opioids will be recorded. Per-operative and post-operative opioid consumption will be calculated separately. Pain assessment will be evaluated by using a verbal analog scale (asking patients to give a pain score between 0 and 10. Score of 0 means worse pain ever and score of 10 means no pain). Complications related to the block procedure will be also recorded. If there is pain that requires more potent opioids such as morphine, the block will be considered as unsuccessful.
- Conditions
- Analgesia, Perioperative Analgesia, Postoperative Analgesia
- Being tested
- Rhomboid intercostal block, Erector spinae plane block
- Keywords
- Postoperative Analgesia, Peroperative Analgesia, Ultrasound, Rhomboid intercostal block, Erector spinae plane block, Mastectomy
- Medical subject headings
- Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Rhomboid intercostal blockProcedure or surgery
The block is regional anesthesia injection techniques performed under ultrasound guidance.
Erector spinae plane blockProcedure or surgery
The block is regional anesthesia injection techniques performed under ultrasound guidance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| RIB Group | Experimental | A single injection Rhomboid intercostal block will be performed under ultrasound guidance Receives: Procedure: Rhomboid intercostal block |
| ESP Group | Active comparator | A single injection Erector spinae plane block will be performed under ultrasound guidance Receives: Procedure: Erector spinae plane block |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain score
Subjective pain score reported by the patient, assessed by a blinded investigator to the study; which is defined as the score in a scale between minimum value of zero and maximum value of 10 (higher scores mean a better outcome).
Measured: Throughout post-operative course, up to 48 hours
Peroperative Analgesia
Fentanyl consumption
Measured: At the end of the operation
Secondary outcomes (1)
Opioid consumption
Total tramadol consumption
Measured: 48th postoperative hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Feb 2020
- Study startFeb 2020 (estimated)
- Primary completionAug 2020 (estimated)
- Study completionAug 2020 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnalgesiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The patients included in the study will be assigned to one group of two in which two different regional block technique will be performed alone.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kutahya Health Sciences University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Onur Balaban, MD, Kutahya Health Sciences University
- Investigators
- Onur Balaban, MD., Principal investigator, Kutahya Health Sciences University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04259502
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019/06RIBVSESP
- Status last verified
- Feb 2020
- First submitted
- 13 Jan 2020
- Last updated
- 6 Feb 2020
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Elsharkawy H, Saifullah T, Kolli S, Drake R. Rhomboid intercostal block. Anaesthesia. 2016 Jul;71(7):856-7. doi: 10.1111/anae.13498. No abstract available.
PubMed 27291611Balaban O, Aydin T. A modified approach of rhomboid intercostal block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: Ultrasound guided bi-level high thoracic injection. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Nov;57:29-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 6. No abstract available.
PubMed 30851500Yayik AM, Ahiskalioglu A, Ates I, Ahiskalioglu EO, Cinal H. Ultrasound guided bilateral rhomboid intercostal block for breast reduction surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Nov;57:38-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 6. No abstract available.
PubMed 30851503Tulgar S, Selvi O, Thomas DT, Manukyan M, Ozer Z. Rhomboid intercostal block in a modified radical mastectomy and axillary curettage patient; A new indication for novel interfascial block. J Clin Anesth. 2019 May;54:158-159. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.12.006. Epub 2018 Dec 13. No abstract available.
PubMed 30553225Singh S, Kumar G, Akhileshwar. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised control study. Indian J Anaesth. 2019 Mar;63(3):200-204. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_758_18.
PubMed 30988534Selvi O, Tulgar S. Use of the Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Segmental Mastectomy. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2019 Apr;47(2):158-160. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2019.50024. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
PubMed 31080959Gurkan Y, Aksu C, Kus A, Yorukoglu UH, Kilic CT. Ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block reduces postoperative opioid consumption following breast surgery: A randomized controlled study. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Nov;50:65-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.06.033. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
PubMed 29980005Kimachi PP, Martins EG, Peng P, Forero M. The Erector Spinae Plane Block Provides Complete Surgical Anesthesia in Breast Surgery: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2018 Oct 1;11(7):186-188. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000777.
PubMed 29688930Aksu C, Kus A, Yorukoglu HU, Tor Kilic C, Gurkan Y. Analgesic effect of the bi-level injection erector spinae plane block after breast surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Agri. 2019 Jul;31(3):132-137. doi: 10.14744/agri.2019.61687.
PubMed 31736025Altiparmak B, Korkmaz Toker M, Uysal AI, Turan M, Gumus Demirbilek S. Comparison of the effects of modified pectoral nerve block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores of patients after radical mastectomy surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2019 May;54:61-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.10.040. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
PubMed 30396100Gurkan Y, Aksu C, Kus A, Yorukoglu UH. Erector spinae plane block and thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery compared to IV-morphine: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2020 Feb;59:84-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.06.036. Epub 2019 Jul 4.
PubMed 31280100
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Feb 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Rhomboid Intercostal Block and Erector Spina Plan Block for Peri-operative Analgesia in Mastectomy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04259502
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2019/06RIBVSESP
- Conditions
- Analgesia, Perioperative Analgesia, Postoperative Analgesia
- Keywords
- Postoperative Analgesia, Peroperative Analgesia, Ultrasound, Rhomboid intercostal block, Erector spinae plane block, Mastectomy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Kutahya Health Sciences UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Feb 2020 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Aug 2020 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Aug 2020 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery was documented in previous studies. Rhomboid intercostal block may be beneficial for analgesia in breast surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the peri-operative analgesic effect of rhomboid intercostal block with erector spinae plane block in mastectomy operation. This trial was designed as prospective randomized single-blind study. The included patients will be assigned into two groups: RIB-Group where the patients will receive ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal block and ESP-Group where the patients will receive ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block prior to the operation. Primary outcome will be peri-operative pain scores and secondary outcomes will be peri-operative opioid consumption and peri-operative hemodynamic effect of these blocks.
Detailed description
Postoperative analgesia in breast surgery is important in reducing morbidity and mortality. Intravenous or oral analgesics may be used for this purpose. Ultrasound-guided fascia plane blocks are used to provide effective analgesia in mastectomy operations. Effectiveness of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery was documented in previous studies.
Rhomboid intercostal block may be beneficial for analgesia in breast surgery. Both blocks have the advantage of unilateral application in unilateral mastectomy operations. When administered pre-operatively, it also provides per-operative analgesia and may reduce per-operative opioid consumption. These blocks are applied under ultrasound-guidance with single injection. Since the site of injection is relatively superficial (between the back muscles and ribs) and applied under ultrasound-guidance, mechanical complications is expected to occur less. These low-cost blocks also may reduce the usage of high-cost and high-risk opioids after surgery. These blocks unilaterally anesthetize the nerves innervating the thoracic region and the axilla, thus providing effective per-operative and post-operative analgesia in mastectomy operations.
The aim of our study is to compare the rhomboid intercostal block with erector spina plane block in mastectomy in terms of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mastectomy operation. Our hypothesis is rhomboid intercostal block may reduce peri-operative pain as effective as or more effectively than erector spina plane block. Secondary hypothesis is rhomboid intercostal block may reduce peri-operative opioid consumption as effective as or more effectively than erector spina plane block. Thus, the study is defined as block technique comparison.
Eighty patients aged between 29-79 years who are planned mastectomy under general anesthesia will be included in the study. Patients with severe cardiac and respiratory disease, severe coagulation disorder, body mass index greater than 35, refusal of regional block and patients having local infection in block application area, contraindication of the standardized drugs in the study and patients with insufficient postoperative analgesia requiring more potent opioids will be excluded from the study.
The patients who meet the study criteria will be assigned into two groups by using computerized randomization. Patients who do not give consent will also be excluded from the study. All patients will be sedated with midazolam and fentanyl prior to block application. First group (RIB-Group) of patients will receive ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal block prior to the operation under sedation. Patients in the second group (ESP-Group) will receive ultrasound-guided erector spina plane block under sedation. Since both procedures will be performed from the same site, the study was considered as a single blind.
All patients will be intubated after induction of general anesthesia with Propofol 2 mg / kg, Rocuronium 0.6 mg / kg and Fentanyl 1.5 µg / kg. Mixture of Desflurane 6% concentration in 50% air and 50% oxygen will be used for the maintenance of general anesthesia. Patients in both groups will receive 1 µg / kg of fentanyl when pain occurs during surgery. Pre-operative and post-operative blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide values of patients in both groups will be measured and recorded at determined time intervals.
Patients will be followed for 48 hours after the operation. In the postoperative period, acetaminophen 1 g three times a day will be administered routinely in context of multimodal analgesia. Intravenous tramadol 1 mg/kg will also be administered depending on patient need up to 4 times a day. Total amount of perioperative opioids will be recorded. Per-operative and post-operative opioid consumption will be calculated separately. Pain assessment will be evaluated by using a verbal analog scale (asking patients to give a pain score between 0 and 10. Score of 0 means worse pain ever and score of 10 means no pain). Complications related to the block procedure will be also recorded. If there is pain that requires more potent opioids such as morphine, the block will be considered as unsuccessful.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The patients included in the study will be assigned to one group of two in which two different regional block technique will be performed alone.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| RIB Group | Experimental | Procedure: Rhomboid intercostal blockA single injection Rhomboid intercostal block will be performed under ultrasound guidance |
| ESP Group | Active comparator | Procedure: Erector spinae plane blockA single injection Erector spinae plane block will be performed under ultrasound guidance |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 29 to 79 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients who are planned mastectomy under general anesthesia
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patients with severe cardiac and respiratory disease
- Severe coagulation disorder
- Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2
- Refusal of regional block
- Patients having local infection in block application area
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Rhomboid intercostal blockThe block is regional anesthesia injection techniques performed under ultrasound guidance. | Procedure or surgery | RIB Group |
| Erector spinae plane blockThe block is regional anesthesia injection techniques performed under ultrasound guidance. | Procedure or surgery | ESP Group |
Primary outcome
Pain score
Time frame: Throughout post-operative course, up to 48 hours
Subjective pain score reported by the patient, assessed by a blinded investigator to the study; which is defined as the score in a scale between minimum value of zero and maximum value of 10 (higher scores mean a better outcome).
Peroperative Analgesia
Time frame: At the end of the operation
Fentanyl consumption
1 secondary outcome
Opioid consumption
Time frame: 48th postoperative hour
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Feb 2020.
- Background: PubMed 27291611Elsharkawy H, Saifullah T, Kolli S, Drake R. Rhomboid intercostal block. Anaesthesia. 2016 Jul;71(7):856-7. doi: 10.1111/anae.13498. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30851500Balaban O, Aydin T. A modified approach of rhomboid intercostal block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: Ultrasound guided bi-level high thoracic injection. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Nov;57:29-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 6. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30851503Yayik AM, Ahiskalioglu A, Ates I, Ahiskalioglu EO, Cinal H. Ultrasound guided bilateral rhomboid intercostal block for breast reduction surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Nov;57:38-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 6. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30553225Tulgar S, Selvi O, Thomas DT, Manukyan M, Ozer Z. Rhomboid intercostal block in a modified radical mastectomy and axillary curettage patient; A new indication for novel interfascial block. J Clin Anesth. 2019 May;54:158-159. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.12.006. Epub 2018 Dec 13. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30988534Singh S, Kumar G, Akhileshwar. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised control study. Indian J Anaesth. 2019 Mar;63(3):200-204. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_758_18.
- Background: PubMed 31080959Selvi O, Tulgar S. Use of the Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Segmental Mastectomy. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2019 Apr;47(2):158-160. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2019.50024. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
- Background: PubMed 29980005Gurkan Y, Aksu C, Kus A, Yorukoglu UH, Kilic CT. Ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block reduces postoperative opioid consumption following breast surgery: A randomized controlled study. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Nov;50:65-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.06.033. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
- Background: PubMed 29688930Kimachi PP, Martins EG, Peng P, Forero M. The Erector Spinae Plane Block Provides Complete Surgical Anesthesia in Breast Surgery: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2018 Oct 1;11(7):186-188. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000777.
- Background: PubMed 31736025Aksu C, Kus A, Yorukoglu HU, Tor Kilic C, Gurkan Y. Analgesic effect of the bi-level injection erector spinae plane block after breast surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Agri. 2019 Jul;31(3):132-137. doi: 10.14744/agri.2019.61687.
- Background: PubMed 30396100Altiparmak B, Korkmaz Toker M, Uysal AI, Turan M, Gumus Demirbilek S. Comparison of the effects of modified pectoral nerve block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores of patients after radical mastectomy surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2019 May;54:61-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.10.040. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
- Background: PubMed 31280100Gurkan Y, Aksu C, Kus A, Yorukoglu UH. Erector spinae plane block and thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery compared to IV-morphine: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2020 Feb;59:84-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.06.036. Epub 2019 Jul 4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Onur Balaban, MD. principal investigator
Kutahya Health Sciences University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Rhomboid intercostal block and Erector spinae plane block in people with Analgesia and Perioperative Analgesia, run by Kutahya Health Sciences University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Feb 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Onur Balaban, MD. (+90 274 231 6660, obalabandr@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain score (time frame: Throughout post-operative course, up to 48 hours). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04259502, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Feb 2020.