Pulmonary EmbolismPhase 4SAFE-SSPENCT04263038
Clinical Surveillance vs. Anticoagulation for Low-risk Patients With Isolated Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism
A Phase 4 study testing Rivaroxaban in people with Pulmonary Embolism and Embolism, run by Drahomir Aujesky at 40 sites in 5 countries.
Trial summary
The clinical significance of pulmonary embolism (PE) limited to the subsegmental pulmonary arteries, so called isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE), remains controversial. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Pulmonary Embolism, Embolism, Embolism and Thrombosis
- What is being tested?
- Rivaroxaban
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 276 participants
- Where
- 40 sitesin 5 countries
- Study dates
- 15 May 2020to May 2028
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Informed Consent as documented by signature
- Age ≥18 years
- Objective diagnosis of symptomatic or asymptomatic isolated SSPE
Who cannot join
- Presence of leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or upper extremity DVT (subclavian vein or above)
- Active cancer, defined as cancer treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or palliative care during the last 6 months
- ≥1 prior episode of unprovoked VTE (absence of a transient or permanent risk factor)
- Clinical instability (systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg or arterial Oxygen saturation <92% at ambient air) at the time of presentation
- Active bleeding or at high risk of bleeding
- Severe renal failure (creatinine clearance <30ml/min)
Show all 16Show fewer
- Severe liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh B or C)
- Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or strong CYP3A4 inducers
- Known hypersensitivity to rivaroxaban
- Need for therapeutic anticoagulation for another reason
- Therapeutic anticoagulation for >72 hours for any reason at the time of screening
- Hospitalized for >72 hours prior to the diagnosis of isolated SSP (hospital-acquired VTE)
- Known pregnancy or breast feeding (pregnancy test to be performed for women of childbearing potential)
- Lack of safe contraception in women of childbearing potential
- Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
- Prior enrolment in this trial
Trial locations and contacts
40 sites in 5 countries. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
40 sites in 5 countries
Switzerland23 sites, 14 recruiting
- Recruiting
Cantonal Hospital of Aarau
Aarau, Canton of Aargau
Philippe Schütz, Prof. MD MPH
Philippe Schütz, Prof., MD, MPH
- Withdrawn
Cantonal Hospital of Uri
Altdorf
- Recruiting
Cantonal Hospital of Baden
Baden
Maria Wertli, Prof. MD
Maria Wertli, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
University Hospital of Basel
Basel
Roland Bingisser, Prof., MD
Roland Bingisser, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
University Hospital Inselspital
Bern, Canton of Bern, 3010
Drahomir Aujesky, Prof. MD MSc
Drahomir Aujesky, Prof., MD, MSc
- Completed
Tiefenau Hospital
Bern
- Recruiting
Hospital of Bienne
Biel/Bienne, Canton of Bern
Daniel Genné, Prof. MD
Daniel Genné, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
Regional Hospital of Emmental
Burgdorf
Robert Escher, PD Dr. MD
Robert Escher, PD, MD
- Terminated
Hospital of Delémont
Delémont
- Recruiting
Cantonal Hospital of Frauenfeld
Frauenfeld, Thurgau
Andreas Kistler, PD MD
Andreas Kistler, PD, MD
- Withdrawn
Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg
Fribourg, Canton of Fribourg
- Recruiting
Geneva University Hospital
Geneva
Marc Righini, Prof. MD
Marc Righini, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
University Hospital of Lausanne
Lausanne, Canton of Vaud
Marie Méan, MD MER
Marie Méan, MD, MER
- Recruiting
Cantonal Hospital of Liestal
Liestal, Basel
Jörg Leuppi, Prof. MD PhD
Jörg Leuppi, Prof., MD, PhD
- Withdrawn
Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne
Lucerne, Canton of Lucerne
- Recruiting
Hospital of Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel
Jacques Donzé, Prof. MD MSc
Jacques Donzé, Prof., MD, MSc
- Withdrawn
Hospital of Nyon
Nyon, Canton of Vaud
- Withdrawn
Cantonal Hospital of Olten
Olten, Canton of Solothurn
- Recruiting
Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen
Sankt Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen
Claudio S. Rüegg, MD
Claudio S. Rüegg, MD
- Withdrawn
Hospital of Sion
Sion, Valais
- Recruiting
Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur
Winterthur, Canton of Zurich
Bettina Portocarrero, MD
Bettina Portocarrero, MD
- Recruiting
Triemli Hospital
Zurich, Canton of Zurich
Lars Huber, PD MD
Lars Huber, PD, MD
- Withdrawn
University Hospital Zürich
Zurich, Canton of Zurich
France8 sites, 8 recruiting
- Recruiting
Centre Hospitalier Regional Et Universitaire De Brest
Brest
Francis Couturaud, Prof. MD
Francis Couturaud, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
CHU Gabriel-Montpied
Clermont-Ferrand
Jeannot Schmidt, Prof., MD
Jeannot Schmidt, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Dijon
Dijon
Nicolas Falvo, MD
Nicolas Falvo, MD
- Recruiting
Hôpital Bicêtre - APHP
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270
Mitja Jevnikar, MD, 0145213487, mitja.jevnikar@aphp.fr
Mitja Jevnikar, MD
- Recruiting
Hospital Edouard Herriot
Lyon
Judith Catella, MD
Judith Catella, MD
- Recruiting
Hôpitaux universitaires de Marseille Timone AP-HM
Marseille
Gabrielle Sarlon, Prof., MD
Gabrielle Sarlon, Prof., MD
- Recruiting
CHU De Rouen
Rouen
Sébastien Miranda, MD
Sébastien Miranda, MD
- Recruiting
CHU ST Etienne - Hôpital Nord
Saint-Priest-en-Jarez
Laurent Bertoletti, Prof., MD
Laurent Bertoletti, Prof., MD
Netherlands6 sites, 4 recruiting
- Recruiting
Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis Dordrecht
Dordrecht
P.E. Westerweel, MD
P.E. Westerweel, MD
- Recruiting
Medisch Spectrum Twente
Enschede
H.P.A.A. van Veen, MD
H.P.A.A. van Veen, MD
- Recruiting
Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden
F. A. Klok, Prof. MD PhD
F. A. Klok, Prof., MD, PhD
- Withdrawn
Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum
Rotterdam
- Withdrawn
Haaglanden Medisch Centrum
The Hague
- Recruiting
Isala Klinieken Zwolle
Zwolle
M. F. Boosma, MD
M. F. Boosma, MD
Belgium2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Recruiting
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Liege
Liège
Raphaelle Lopez Iglesias, MD
Raphaelle Lopez Iglesias, MD
- Recruiting
Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc
Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels Capital, 1200
Andrea Penaloza Baeza, Prof., MD
Andrea Penaloza Baeza, Prof., MD
Canada1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
The Ottawa Hospital
Ottawa
Marc Carrier, Prof. MD MSc
Marc Carrier, Prof. MD MSc
About this study
Official title: Clinical Surveillance vs. Anticoagulation for Low-risk Patients With Isolated Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism: a Multicenter Randomized Placebo-controlled Non-inferiority Trial
The clinical significance of pulmonary embolism (PE) limited to the subsegmental pulmonary arteries, so called isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE), remains controversial. Whether isolated SSPE represents "true" PE, a clinically more benign form of PE, a physiologic lung clearing process, or a false positive result (artifact) is currently unclear and hence, whether patients with isolated SSPE benefit from anticoagulant treatment is uncertain. Despite growing evidence from observational studies that withholding anticoagulation may be a safe option in selected patients with isolated SSPE (i.e., those without concomitant deep vein thrombosis, cancer, etc.), most patients with isolated SSPE receive anticoagulant treatment, which is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The overall objective of the randomized controlled SAFE-SSPE trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clinical surveillance without anticoagulation compared to anticoagulation treatment in low-risk patients with isolated SSPE.
- Conditions
- Pulmonary Embolism, Embolism, Embolism and Thrombosis, Lung Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases
- Being tested
- Rivaroxaban, Placebo
- Keywords
- subsegmental pulmonary embolism
- Medical subject headings
- Pulmonary Embolism, Embolism, Embolism and Thrombosis, Lung Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Venous Thromboembolism, Hemorrhage
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
RivaroxabanDrug
Anticoagulation
PlaceboDrug
Study drug without active agent
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Anticoagulation | Active comparator | Patients in the anticoagulation group will receive rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for the first 21 days, followed by 20 mg once daily for an overall treatment duration of 90 days. Receives: Drug: Rivaroxaban |
| No anticoagulation | Placebo comparator | Patients in the group without anticoagulation will receive placebo twice daily for the first 21 days, followed by one tablet daily for an overall treatment duration of 90 days. Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Recurrent venous thromboembolism
Proportion of recurrent, clinically symptomatic, objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism (defined as recurrent fatal or nonfatal pulmonary embolism or lower limb deep vein thrombosis)
Measured: Within 90 days of randomization
Secondary outcomes (2)
Clinically significant bleeding
Proportion of the composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding
Measured: Within 90 days of randomization
All-cause mortality
Proportion of deaths (all causes of death will be considered)
Measured: Within 90 days of randomization
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Feb 2020
- Study start15 May 2020
- Primary completionMay 2028 (estimated)
- Study completionMay 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pulmonary EmbolismStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 276 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Drahomir Aujesky
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Bern, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds, Leiden University Medical Center, The Ottawa Hospital, Bayer
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Drahomir Aujesky, Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern
- Investigators
- Drahomir Aujesky, Prof. MD MSc, Study director, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04263038
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019-02297
- Other IDs
- 2019
- Acronym
- SAFE-SSPE
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Feb 2020
- Last updated
- 22 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: After publication of the study results, a de-identified patient-level data set relating to the primary publication along with the latest version of the study protocol, the informed consent form, the statistical analysis plan, the code used for the analyses, and the Data Management and Quality Plan describing all data management aspects of the study will be made publicly available for replication of the study results and secondary data analyses in the Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS) Research Data, an online non-commercial data repository that meets Swiss National Science Foundation requirements for FAIR Data Principles (www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples)
Publications
Baumgartner C, Klok FA, Carrier M, Limacher A, Moor J, Righini M, Beer JH, Peluso M, Rakovic D, Huisman MV, Aujesky D. Clinical Surveillance vs. Anticoagulation For low-risk patiEnts with isolated SubSegmental Pulmonary Embolism: protocol for a multicentre randomised placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial (SAFE-SSPE). BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 19;10(11):e040151. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040151.
PubMed 33444199
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clinical Surveillance vs. Anticoagulation for Low-risk Patients With Isolated Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism: a Multicenter Randomized Placebo-controlled Non-inferiority Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04263038
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SAFE-SSPE / 2019-02297
- Conditions
- Pulmonary Embolism, Embolism, Embolism and Thrombosis, Lung Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases
- Keywords
- subsegmental pulmonary embolism
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 276 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Drahomir AujeskyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Bern, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds, Leiden University Medical Center, The Ottawa Hospital, Bayer
- Study start
- 15 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- May 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- May 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 10 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The clinical significance of pulmonary embolism (PE) limited to the subsegmental pulmonary arteries, so called isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE), remains controversial. Whether isolated SSPE represents "true" PE, a clinically more benign form of PE, a physiologic lung clearing process, or a false positive result (artifact) is currently unclear and hence, whether patients with isolated SSPE benefit from anticoagulant treatment is uncertain. Despite growing evidence from observational studies that withholding anticoagulation may be a safe option in selected patients with isolated SSPE (i.e., those without concomitant deep vein thrombosis, cancer, etc.), most patients with isolated SSPE receive anticoagulant treatment, which is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The overall objective of the randomized controlled SAFE-SSPE trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clinical surveillance without anticoagulation compared to anticoagulation treatment in low-risk patients with isolated SSPE.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Anticoagulation | Active comparator | Drug: RivaroxabanPatients in the anticoagulation group will receive rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for the first 21 days, followed by 20 mg once daily for an overall treatment duration of 90 days. |
| No anticoagulation | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboPatients in the group without anticoagulation will receive placebo twice daily for the first 21 days, followed by one tablet daily for an overall treatment duration of 90 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Informed Consent as documented by signature
- Age ≥18 years
- Objective diagnosis of symptomatic or asymptomatic isolated SSPE
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Presence of leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or upper extremity DVT (subclavian vein or above)
- Active cancer, defined as cancer treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or palliative care during the last 6 months
- ≥1 prior episode of unprovoked VTE (absence of a transient or permanent risk factor)
- Clinical instability (systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg or arterial Oxygen saturation <92% at ambient air) at the time of presentation
- Active bleeding or at high risk of bleeding
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| RivaroxabanAnticoagulation | Drug | Anticoagulation |
| PlaceboStudy drug without active agent | Drug | No anticoagulation |
Primary outcome
Recurrent venous thromboembolism
Time frame: Within 90 days of randomization
Proportion of recurrent, clinically symptomatic, objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism (defined as recurrent fatal or nonfatal pulmonary embolism or lower limb deep vein thrombosis)
2 secondary outcomes
Clinically significant bleeding
Time frame: Within 90 days of randomization
All-cause mortality
Time frame: Within 90 days of randomization
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 May 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33444199Baumgartner C, Klok FA, Carrier M, Limacher A, Moor J, Righini M, Beer JH, Peluso M, Rakovic D, Huisman MV, Aujesky D. Clinical Surveillance vs. Anticoagulation For low-risk patiEnts with isolated SubSegmental Pulmonary Embolism: protocol for a multicentre randomised placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial (SAFE-SSPE). BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 19;10(11):e040151. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040151.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. After publication of the study results, a de-identified patient-level data set relating to the primary publication along with the latest version of the study protocol, the informed consent form, the statistical analysis plan, the code used for the analyses, and the Data Management and Quality Plan describing all data management aspects of the study will be made publicly available for replication of the study results and secondary data analyses in the Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS) Research Data, an online non-commercial data repository that meets Swiss National Science Foundation requirements for FAIR Data Principles (www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples)
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Drahomir Aujesky, Prof. MD MSc study director
Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
40 sites in 5 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Rivaroxaban in people with Pulmonary Embolism and Embolism, run by Drahomir Aujesky at 40 sites in 5 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 40 sites in Switzerland, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Drahomir Aujesky, Prof. MD MSc (+41 31 632 88 84, SAFE-SSPE@insel.ch), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Recurrent venous thromboembolism (time frame: Within 90 days of randomization). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04263038, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 May 2026.