DepressionP2PNCT04290754
PATH 2 Purpose: Primary Care and Community-Based Prevention of Mental Disorders in Adolescents
A study testing CATCH-IT and TEAMS in people with Depression, run by University of Illinois Chicago at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
PATH (Promoting AdolescenT Health) 2 Purpose is a two-arm comparative effectiveness research trial to that will evaluate the ability of the interventions, Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) and Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS), to intervene early to… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 19 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Depression
- What is being tested?
- CATCH-IT and TEAMS
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 636 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2020to 1 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 19 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Adolescents ages 13 through 19 years, and
- Adolescent must be experiencing an elevated level of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Score = 5-18), and
- Adolescent will be included if they have a past, but not current history of depression.
Who cannot join
- Outside age range
- A current diagnosis of Major Depression
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) diagnosis of: schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, extreme current drug or alcohol abuse.
- Currently using medication therapy for depression, anxiety, or other internalizing disorders for less than 3 months.
- Currently engaged in individual treatment for a mood disorder
- Currently engaged in a cognitive-behavioral group or therapy
Show all 16Show fewer
- Any past psychiatric hospitalizations
- Any past self-harm attempt with moderate or greater lethality
- Current suicidal thoughts
- Not willing to comply with the study protocol
- Not willing to participate in the TEAMS groups
- Not willing to be audio recorded during TEAMS groups (only for TEAMS clinics)
- Unable to complete the PHQ-9 screening due to cognitive or intellectual impairment
- Did not complete phone assessment with MINI Kid
- Parent/guardian has a cognitive or intellectual impairment.
- Participant Declined/Changed Mind/Uninterested in participating
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
PATH (Promoting AdolescenT Health) 2 Purpose is a two-arm comparative effectiveness research trial to that will evaluate the ability of the interventions, Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) and Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS), to intervene early to prevent depressive illness and potentially other common mental health disorders. Using cluster randomization, 534 participants eligible for the study will be offered one of two different depression prevention programs in multiple sites in Chicagoland, Rockford, Illinois; Dixon, Illinois; and Louisville, Kentucky. In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we will employ a public health media campaign to recruit a second cohort of 100 adolescents state-wide in Illinois, Kentucky, and Massachusetts individually randomized to either intervention. The study will also assess teens', parents' and providers' experiences with each intervention approach. Finally, we will examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents at-risk for depression who are enrolled in our study.
Read the detailed description
The majority of mental, emotional and behavioral (MEB) disorders have an initial onset before age 24, with 20% annual incidence, with major depressive disorder (MDD) being the most common MEB. Health systems, eager to reduce costs, want to transition from the current "wait until sick enough for treatment" model for MDD to a preventive model. However, evidence is needed for (1) the comparative effectiveness of a "scalable intervention" and (2) an implementation model for such a scalable intervention in the primary care setting. This study is a comparative effectiveness trial evaluating the efficacy of two evidence-based cognitive-behavioral prevention (CBP) programs: Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS), the "gold standard," group therapy model, and Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive Behavioral, Humanistic and Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT), a scalable, self-directed, technology-based model. For implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, TEAMS has successfully been adapted to an online format and administered online through HIPAA-compliant video conferencing software. For the first cohort, 534 eligible adolescents age 13-19 will be offered one of two different depression prevention programs using cluster randomization in multiple sites in urban and suburban Chicago, Illinois; rural Western Illinois, including Dixon and surrounding towns; and Louisville, Kentucky. Randomization will be blocked into matched pairs of primary health care clinics and school sites and stratified by race, ethnicity, rural-urban commuting area codes, and socio-economic disadvantage using the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) from census-tracked data of each site zip code. A second cohort of 100 eligible adolescents will be recruited through public health media campaigns in Illinois, Kentucky, and Massachusetts utilizing the same eligibility criteria as Cohort One. These participants will connect with the research team by phone, email, web survey, or social media and will be randomized at the individual-level with equal allocation into treatment conditions (CATCH-IT or TEAMS). The investigators will comprehensively evaluate patient-centered outcomes and stakeholder-valued moderators of effect at 2, 6, 12, and 18 month assessment points. Using a hybrid clinical trial design that simultaneously examines implementation process, the study will also assess adolescents', parents' and providers' experiences (i.e. efficacy, time commitment, cultural acceptability, and implementation cost) with each intervention approach. A sub-sample of Cohort Two (n=50, 25 from each intervention arm) will be recruited to participate in open-ended interviews for adolescents to share their experiences of living with subsyndromal depression, coping during the COVID-19 pandemic, their perceived impact of CATCH-IT or TEAMS on their mood and behavior, and the cultural contexts in which these experiences occurred.
- Conditions
- Depression
- Being tested
- CATCH-IT, TEAMS
- Keywords
- Adolescents, Depression, Internet intervention, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Prevention, Group Therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CATCH-ITBehavioural
Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) is an internet-based depression prevention program that targets decreasing modifiable risk factors while enhancing protective factors in at-risk adolescents, and that includes a parent program. It has been shown to be safe, feasible, and efficacious.
TEAMSBehavioural
Also called Prevention of Depression (POD)
Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS) is an 8-session group depression prevention program teaching teens how to deal with stress and negative moods, and ways to manage low mood based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles and strategies. Efficacy has been demonstrated by several trials over time.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CATCH-IT | Experimental | Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) is an internet-based depression prevention program that targets decreasing modifiable risk factors while enhancing protective factors in at-risk adolescents, and that includes a parent program. It has been shown to be safe, feasible, and efficacious. Receives: Behavioral: CATCH-IT |
| TEAMS | Active comparator | Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS) is an 8-session group depression prevention program teaching teens how to deal with stress and negative moods, and ways to manage low mood based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) principles and strategies. Efficacy has been demonstrated by several trials over time. Receives: Behavioral: TEAMS |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Time
Time will be measured to nearest minute for all intervention related activities including initial screening, engagement phone calls, use of CATCH-IT, TEAMS group activities, including travel time to and from TEAMS groups. Time will be measured from adolescent, family, practice, community center, healthcare organization, health system perspective. For time that cannot be directly measured by study staff, the investigators will sample direct observation or questionnaires to capture time required for health system related activities such as screening and engagement.
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Cultural acceptability adolescent and family
Cultural acceptability for each stakeholder using appropriate, validated instruments. Adolescent and family: Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease Questionnaire (USE, 30 items, self-report, 7-point Likert scale, 30-210 score range, higher score indicates more acceptable). An example statement is: "I would recommend this to a friend."
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Cost
Costs will be measured for all stakeholders. For practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems, cost will be measured to nearest dollar by converting time measures into employment related costs based on mean wages an benefits for staff at that occupational level. Adolescent and family costs will be measured by converting time into mean hourly wages and benefits for adolescent and family members involved in the project (based on mean wage for age and occupation).
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Depressive and mental disorder episodes
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid, self-report). This is a structured psychiatric interview administered by a trained staff member which uses stem questions and follow-ups to determine the presence of symptoms and date of onset. The staff member then determines if and when the symptoms developed an episode is present. Measure is either episode present or not and date of onset.
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Stress symptoms
Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D, 20 items, self-report, measured in frequency, 0,"not at all" to 3, "nearly every day in last week, 0-60 score range, higher score indicates more depressed)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Resiliency
Resiliency will be measured across multiple domains. To assess resiliency in terms of coping skills, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, 10 items, self-report, 4 levels of response, 0-40 score range, higher score indicates better coping skills)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Function
Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR, 23-items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 23-115 score range, higher score indicates higher levels of social adjustment) administered to adolescents only.
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Relationships (Life Events)
University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Life Events Scale (19-items, self-report) administered to adolescents only.
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Socio-cultural Relevance
The Socio-Cultural Relevance Scale (10-item and 14-item versions, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 10-40 or 14-56 score ranges, higher score indicates greater socio-cultural relevance) will assess perceived change and satisfaction with the intervention, component of cultural acceptability to adolescent)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment
Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA, 18 questions, 4 items per question, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 18-90 score range, higher score indicates higher organizational readiness, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Measured: Baseline
Intervention Sustainability
Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT, 8 questions, self-report 5 items per question, 7-point Likert scale, 8-56 score range, higher score indicates higher capacity for program sustainability, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Measured: end of study, 30 months
Acceptability of Intervention
Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM, 1 question with 4 items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 1-5 score range, higher score indicates greater acceptability of intervention, to be completed by all staff and leadership, repeatedly, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Measured: end of study, 30 months
Feasibility of Intervention
Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM, 1 question with 4 items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 1-5 score range, higher score indicates greater feasibility of intervention, to be completed by all staff and leadership, repeatedly, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Measured: end of study, 30 months
Intervention Appropriateness
Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM, 1 question with 4 items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 1-5 score range, higher score indicates greater appropriateness of intervention, to be completed by all staff and leadership, repeatedly, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Depressive Symptoms
Patient Health Questionnaire-Adolescent (PHQ-A, 9 items plus 4 follow-up items, self-report, 3-point Likert scale, 0-27 score range, higher score indicates more depression symptoms/severity)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Externalizing Behavior Symptoms
Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale-Adolescent (DBD-A, 41-items, self-report, 4-point Likert scale, 0-123 score range, higher score indicates greater externalizing symptoms)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Anxiety Symptoms
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED, 41-items, self-report, 3-point Likert scale, 0-82 score range, higher score indicates greater anxiety symptoms)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Substance Abuse Symptoms
Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble substance use assessment (CRAFFT, 6 items, self-report, 2-point scale, 0-6 score range, higher score indicates greater substance abuse symptoms)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Child Post Traumatic Symptoms Disorder Scale (24-items, self-report, 4-point Likert scale, 0-72 score range, higher score indicates greater PTSD symptom levels)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Rumination
Tendency towards rumination will be assessed by the Children's Response Style Scale (CRSS, 10-items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 0-50 score range, higher score indicates greater rumination (more repeated negative thinking, less resilient, component of resiliency)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Dysfunctional Attitudes
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS, 9-item, self-report, 7-point Likert scale, 9-63 score range, higher score indicates more dysfunctional attitude, less resiliency, component of resiliency)
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Relationships-Family
Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI, 30-item, self-report, 3-point Likert scale, 0-60 score range, higher scores indicate more positive parent child relationship).
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Blood Pressure
Measured in millimeters of mercury
Measured: Baseline and 18 months
Body Mass Index
Calculated by measuring height (centimeters) and weight (kilogram) to calculate kg/meters squared (BMI, Body Mass Index)
Measured: Baseline and 18 months
Weight
Measured in kilograms by standard medical office scale, fully clothed participant
Measured: Baseline and 18 months
Height
Measure by standard medical office practice measure, without shoes, in centimeters
Measured: Baseline and 18 months
Recruiting model and comparative effectiveness outcomes
With the addition of a second cohort to be recruited through a public health media campaign, we will compare results between groups in each arm, and between the two recruitment models. We will compare implementation and clinical outcomes in the same trial arm, but also across the two recruiting methods.
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Secondary outcomes (2)
Implementation themes
Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to explore experience of the study from the perspective of 25 stakeholders
Measured: End of study, 30 months
Moderation of Covid-19 factors on comparative effectiveness outcomes
We will examine factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic that may be moderators of study outcomes: (1) COVID-19-related behaviors and consequences (e.g. social distancing, sheltering-in-place, family illness and death), and (2) Social determinants of health (e.g. food insecurity, internet access, unemployment) in both cohorts using the Holliston at-Home Questionnaire (a 26-item, adolescent self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 0-150 score range, higher score indicates greater externalizing symptoms).
Measured: Baseline through 18 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Mar 2020
- Study start1 Jan 2020
- Primary completion1 Jul 2026
- Study completion1 Oct 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DepressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Comparative Effectiveness Study
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 636 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Illinois Chicago
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Katherine Shaw Bethea Hospital, University of Louisville, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Brown University, Mile Square Health Center
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Benjamin Van Voorhees, MD, MPH, University of Illinois Chicago
- Investigators
- Benjamin W Van Voorhees, MD, MPH, Principal investigator, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of MedicineTracy RG Gladstone, PhD, Principal investigator, Wellesley College, Wellesley Centers for Women
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04290754
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CHAIRb 19081501
- Other IDs
- IHS-2017C3-9333, 094637
- Acronym
- P2P
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Feb 2020
- Last updated
- 7 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Knepper AK, Feinstein RT, Sanchez-Flack J, Fitzgibbon M, Lefaiver C, McHugh A, Gladstone TRG, Van Voorhees BW. Primary care-based screening and recruitment for an adolescent depression prevention trial: Contextual considerations during a youth mental health crisis. Implement Res Pract. 2024 Apr 22;5:26334895241246203. doi: 10.1177/26334895241246203. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
PubMed 38655380
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- PATH 2 Purpose: Primary Care and Community-Based Prevention of Mental Disorders in Adolescents
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04290754
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P2P / CHAIRb 19081501
- Conditions
- Depression
- Keywords
- Adolescents, Depression, Internet intervention, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Prevention, Group Therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 636 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Illinois ChicagoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Katherine Shaw Bethea Hospital, University of Louisville, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Brown University, Mile Square Health Center
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
PATH (Promoting AdolescenT Health) 2 Purpose is a two-arm comparative effectiveness research trial to that will evaluate the ability of the interventions, Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) and Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS), to intervene early to prevent depressive illness and potentially other common mental health disorders. Using cluster randomization, 534 participants eligible for the study will be offered one of two different depression prevention programs in multiple sites in Chicagoland, Rockford, Illinois; Dixon, Illinois; and Louisville, Kentucky. In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we will employ a public health media campaign to recruit a second cohort of 100 adolescents state-wide in Illinois, Kentucky, and Massachusetts individually randomized to either intervention. The study will also assess teens', parents' and providers' experiences with each intervention approach. Finally, we will examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents at-risk for depression who are enrolled in our study.
Detailed description
The majority of mental, emotional and behavioral (MEB) disorders have an initial onset before age 24, with 20% annual incidence, with major depressive disorder (MDD) being the most common MEB. Health systems, eager to reduce costs, want to transition from the current "wait until sick enough for treatment" model for MDD to a preventive model. However, evidence is needed for (1) the comparative effectiveness of a "scalable intervention" and (2) an implementation model for such a scalable intervention in the primary care setting. This study is a comparative effectiveness trial evaluating the efficacy of two evidence-based cognitive-behavioral prevention (CBP) programs: Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS), the "gold standard," group therapy model, and Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive Behavioral, Humanistic and Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT), a scalable, self-directed, technology-based model. For implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, TEAMS has successfully been adapted to an online format and administered online through HIPAA-compliant video conferencing software. For the first cohort, 534 eligible adolescents age 13-19 will be offered one of two different depression prevention programs using cluster randomization in multiple sites in urban and suburban Chicago, Illinois; rural Western Illinois, including Dixon and surrounding towns; and Louisville, Kentucky. Randomization will be blocked into matched pairs of primary health care clinics and school sites and stratified by race, ethnicity, rural-urban commuting area codes, and socio-economic disadvantage using the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) from census-tracked data of each site zip code. A second cohort of 100 eligible adolescents will be recruited through public health media campaigns in Illinois, Kentucky, and Massachusetts utilizing the same eligibility criteria as Cohort One. These participants will connect with the research team by phone, email, web survey, or social media and will be randomized at the individual-level with equal allocation into treatment conditions (CATCH-IT or TEAMS). The investigators will comprehensively evaluate patient-centered outcomes and stakeholder-valued moderators of effect at 2, 6, 12, and 18 month assessment points. Using a hybrid clinical trial design that simultaneously examines implementation process, the study will also assess adolescents', parents' and providers' experiences (i.e. efficacy, time commitment, cultural acceptability, and implementation cost) with each intervention approach. A sub-sample of Cohort Two (n=50, 25 from each intervention arm) will be recruited to participate in open-ended interviews for adolescents to share their experiences of living with subsyndromal depression, coping during the COVID-19 pandemic, their perceived impact of CATCH-IT or TEAMS on their mood and behavior, and the cultural contexts in which these experiences occurred.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Comparative Effectiveness Study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| CATCH-IT | Experimental | Behavioral: CATCH-ITCompetent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) is an internet-based depression prevention program that targets decreasing modifiable risk factors while enhancing protective factors in at-risk adolescents, and that includes a parent program. It has been shown to be safe, feasible, and efficacious. |
| TEAMS | Active comparator | Behavioral: TEAMSTeens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS) is an 8-session group depression prevention program teaching teens how to deal with stress and negative moods, and ways to manage low mood based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) principles and strategies. Efficacy has been demonstrated by several trials over time. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 19 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Adolescents ages 13 through 19 years, and
- Adolescent must be experiencing an elevated level of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Score = 5-18), and
- Adolescent will be included if they have a past, but not current history of depression.
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Outside age range
- A current diagnosis of Major Depression
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) diagnosis of: schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, extreme current drug or alcohol abuse.
- Currently using medication therapy for depression, anxiety, or other internalizing disorders for less than 3 months.
- Currently engaged in individual treatment for a mood disorder
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CATCH-ITCompetent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral \& Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT) is an internet-based depression prevention program that targets decreasing modifiable risk factors while enhancing protective factors in at-risk adolescents, and that includes a parent program. It has been shown to be safe, feasible, and efficacious. | Behavioural | CATCH-IT |
| TEAMSAlso: Prevention of Depression (POD)Teens Achieving Mastery over Stress (TEAMS) is an 8-session group depression prevention program teaching teens how to deal with stress and negative moods, and ways to manage low mood based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles and strategies. Efficacy has been demonstrated by several trials over time. | Behavioural | TEAMS |
Primary outcome
Time
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Time will be measured to nearest minute for all intervention related activities including initial screening, engagement phone calls, use of CATCH-IT, TEAMS group activities, including travel time to and from TEAMS groups. Time will be measured from adolescent, family, practice, community center, healthcare organization, health system perspective. For time that cannot be directly measured by study staff, the investigators will sample direct observation or questionnaires to capture time required for health system related activities such as screening and engagement.
Cultural acceptability adolescent and family
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Cultural acceptability for each stakeholder using appropriate, validated instruments. Adolescent and family: Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease Questionnaire (USE, 30 items, self-report, 7-point Likert scale, 30-210 score range, higher score indicates more acceptable). An example statement is: "I would recommend this to a friend."
Cost
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Costs will be measured for all stakeholders. For practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems, cost will be measured to nearest dollar by converting time measures into employment related costs based on mean wages an benefits for staff at that occupational level. Adolescent and family costs will be measured by converting time into mean hourly wages and benefits for adolescent and family members involved in the project (based on mean wage for age and occupation).
Depressive and mental disorder episodes
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid, self-report). This is a structured psychiatric interview administered by a trained staff member which uses stem questions and follow-ups to determine the presence of symptoms and date of onset. The staff member then determines if and when the symptoms developed an episode is present. Measure is either episode present or not and date of onset.
Stress symptoms
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D, 20 items, self-report, measured in frequency, 0,"not at all" to 3, "nearly every day in last week, 0-60 score range, higher score indicates more depressed)
Resiliency
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Resiliency will be measured across multiple domains. To assess resiliency in terms of coping skills, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, 10 items, self-report, 4 levels of response, 0-40 score range, higher score indicates better coping skills)
Function
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR, 23-items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 23-115 score range, higher score indicates higher levels of social adjustment) administered to adolescents only.
Relationships (Life Events)
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Life Events Scale (19-items, self-report) administered to adolescents only.
Socio-cultural Relevance
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
The Socio-Cultural Relevance Scale (10-item and 14-item versions, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 10-40 or 14-56 score ranges, higher score indicates greater socio-cultural relevance) will assess perceived change and satisfaction with the intervention, component of cultural acceptability to adolescent)
Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment
Time frame: Baseline
Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA, 18 questions, 4 items per question, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 18-90 score range, higher score indicates higher organizational readiness, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Intervention Sustainability
Time frame: end of study, 30 months
Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT, 8 questions, self-report 5 items per question, 7-point Likert scale, 8-56 score range, higher score indicates higher capacity for program sustainability, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Acceptability of Intervention
Time frame: end of study, 30 months
Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM, 1 question with 4 items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 1-5 score range, higher score indicates greater acceptability of intervention, to be completed by all staff and leadership, repeatedly, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Feasibility of Intervention
Time frame: end of study, 30 months
Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM, 1 question with 4 items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 1-5 score range, higher score indicates greater feasibility of intervention, to be completed by all staff and leadership, repeatedly, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Intervention Appropriateness
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM, 1 question with 4 items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 1-5 score range, higher score indicates greater appropriateness of intervention, to be completed by all staff and leadership, repeatedly, component of cultural acceptability to practice, community center, healthcare organizations, health systems)
Depressive Symptoms
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Patient Health Questionnaire-Adolescent (PHQ-A, 9 items plus 4 follow-up items, self-report, 3-point Likert scale, 0-27 score range, higher score indicates more depression symptoms/severity)
Externalizing Behavior Symptoms
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale-Adolescent (DBD-A, 41-items, self-report, 4-point Likert scale, 0-123 score range, higher score indicates greater externalizing symptoms)
Anxiety Symptoms
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED, 41-items, self-report, 3-point Likert scale, 0-82 score range, higher score indicates greater anxiety symptoms)
Substance Abuse Symptoms
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble substance use assessment (CRAFFT, 6 items, self-report, 2-point scale, 0-6 score range, higher score indicates greater substance abuse symptoms)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Child Post Traumatic Symptoms Disorder Scale (24-items, self-report, 4-point Likert scale, 0-72 score range, higher score indicates greater PTSD symptom levels)
Rumination
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Tendency towards rumination will be assessed by the Children's Response Style Scale (CRSS, 10-items, self-report, 5-point Likert scale, 0-50 score range, higher score indicates greater rumination (more repeated negative thinking, less resilient, component of resiliency)
Dysfunctional Attitudes
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS, 9-item, self-report, 7-point Likert scale, 9-63 score range, higher score indicates more dysfunctional attitude, less resiliency, component of resiliency)
Relationships-Family
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI, 30-item, self-report, 3-point Likert scale, 0-60 score range, higher scores indicate more positive parent child relationship).
Blood Pressure
Time frame: Baseline and 18 months
Measured in millimeters of mercury
Body Mass Index
Time frame: Baseline and 18 months
Calculated by measuring height (centimeters) and weight (kilogram) to calculate kg/meters squared (BMI, Body Mass Index)
Weight
Time frame: Baseline and 18 months
Measured in kilograms by standard medical office scale, fully clothed participant
Height
Time frame: Baseline and 18 months
Measure by standard medical office practice measure, without shoes, in centimeters
Recruiting model and comparative effectiveness outcomes
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
With the addition of a second cohort to be recruited through a public health media campaign, we will compare results between groups in each arm, and between the two recruitment models. We will compare implementation and clinical outcomes in the same trial arm, but also across the two recruiting methods.
2 secondary outcomes
Implementation themes
Time frame: End of study, 30 months
Moderation of Covid-19 factors on comparative effectiveness outcomes
Time frame: Baseline through 18 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Oct 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38655380Knepper AK, Feinstein RT, Sanchez-Flack J, Fitzgibbon M, Lefaiver C, McHugh A, Gladstone TRG, Van Voorhees BW. Primary care-based screening and recruitment for an adolescent depression prevention trial: Contextual considerations during a youth mental health crisis. Implement Res Pract. 2024 Apr 22;5:26334895241246203. doi: 10.1177/26334895241246203. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
- Path2Purpose WebsiteLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Benjamin W Van Voorhees, MD, MPH principal investigator
University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Medicine
Tracy RG Gladstone, PhD principal investigator
Wellesley College, Wellesley Centers for Women
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing CATCH-IT and TEAMS in people with Depression, run by University of Illinois Chicago at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Time (time frame: Baseline through 18 months). The study lists 27 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04290754, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Oct 2026.