Individual DifferenceNCT04308746
Evaluating Attitudes Towards Organ Donation in the United States on MTurk
A study testing Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing) and Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing) in people with Individual Difference, run by Yale-NUS College at 1 site in Singapore.
Trial summary
The study is conducted to investigate the effects of priming different cultural orientations on participants' decisions on whether to donate their organs, in an opt-out donation system scenario where the default is a presumed consent on the part of the individual. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Individual Difference
- What is being tested?
- Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing) and Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 211 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSingapore
- Study dates
- 16 Feb 2020to 28 Feb 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 21 and above
- Lives in the United States of America
Who cannot join
- Below age 21
- Does not live in the United States of America
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Evaluating Attitudes Towards Organ Donation
The study is conducted to investigate the effects of priming different cultural orientations on participants' decisions on whether to donate their organs, in an opt-out donation system scenario where the default is a presumed consent on the part of the individual.
Read the detailed description
Participants complete a survey where they respond to scales measuring their baseline cultural and power distance orientations, and answer questions on their demographics such as gender, race, employment etc.
24 hours later, participants fill in a 2nd survey where they are instructed to complete 1 out of 2 possible priming tasks. The possible tasks consist of an Individualistic priming condition and a Collectivistic priming condition; both tasks require participants to answer 3 statements each to 3 questions regarding the self or their social group. Participants then indicate their choice on whether to donate their organs (default or opt-out), rate their confidence regarding their choice and complete the same scales measuring their cultural and power distance orientations.
- Conditions
- Individual Difference
- Being tested
- Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing), Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing)
- Keywords
- Organ Donation, Culture
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing)Behavioural
Participants write 3 statements each about (1) themselves, (2) why they are not like others, and (3) why it is beneficial to stand out from others
Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing)Behavioural
Participants think about a social group and write 3 statements each about (1) their social group, (2) why they are like others, and (3) why it is beneficial to blend in with others
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Individualistic | Experimental | Participants write 3 statements to 3 questions relating to his/her differences from his/her immediate community Receives: Behavioral: Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing) |
| Collectivistic | Experimental | Participants write 3 statements to 3 questions relating to his/her similarities with his/her immediate community Receives: Behavioral: Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Binary survey item - Decision to Donate Organ
From a scenario where participants imagine themselves applying for a driver's license in a country where an opt-out organ donation system is enforced, participants are asked to make a binary choice between choosing to donate their organs (default) and choosing not to donate their organs (opt out).
Measured: 1 minute
Line scale survey item - Confidence in Decision to Donate Organ
Participants are asked to mark along a line scale on how confident they feel about their decision to donate their organs. The extreme ends of the line scale are defined as "Not Confident At All" (0) and "Extremely Confident" (100).
Measured: 1 minute
Secondary outcomes (2)
Individual levels of individualism & collectivism
Individualism and collectivism levels will be measured by Triandis \& Gelfand (1998)'s "Culture Orientation Scale". This is a 16-item scale designed to measure: 1) Vertical Collectivism (VC) - seeing the self as a part of a collective and accepting hierarchy and inequality within that collective; 2) Vertical Individualism (VI) - seeing the self as fully autonomous, but recognizing and accepting the existence of inequality; 3) Horizontal Collectivism (HC) - seeing the self as part of a collective but viewing all the members of that collective as equal counterparts; and 4) Horizontal Individualism (HI) - seeing the self as fully autonomous, and believing in equality amongst individuals.
All items are answered on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 = strongly disagree \& 5 = strongly agree. Each dimension's items are summed up separately to create a VC, VI, HC, and HI score to reflect the level of collectivism and individualism in the sampled group.
Measured: 5 minutes
Individual levels of power distance
Individualism and collectivism levels will be measured by a 5-item scale used by Hanzaee and Dehkordi (2011) to measure Power Distance, defined as "the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally" (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005)
All items are answered on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 = strongly disagree \& 5 = strongly agree. All items are summed up to create an average score to reflect the level of power distance orientation in the sampled group.
Measured: 3 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Mar 2020
- Study start16 Feb 2020
- Primary completion28 Feb 2020
- Study completion28 Feb 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Individual DifferenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants are assigned to 1 out of 2 culture orientation priming tasks (Individualistic or Collectivistic)
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 211 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yale-NUS College
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04308746
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HSS-1502-P02-07
- Status last verified
- Mar 2020
- First submitted
- 11 Mar 2020
- Last updated
- 16 Mar 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Mar 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluating Attitudes Towards Organ Donation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04308746
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HSS-1502-P02-07
- Conditions
- Individual Difference
- Keywords
- Organ Donation, Culture
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 211 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yale-NUS CollegeUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 Feb 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study is conducted to investigate the effects of priming different cultural orientations on participants' decisions on whether to donate their organs, in an opt-out donation system scenario where the default is a presumed consent on the part of the individual.
Detailed description
Participants complete a survey where they respond to scales measuring their baseline cultural and power distance orientations, and answer questions on their demographics such as gender, race, employment etc.
24 hours later, participants fill in a 2nd survey where they are instructed to complete 1 out of 2 possible priming tasks. The possible tasks consist of an Individualistic priming condition and a Collectivistic priming condition; both tasks require participants to answer 3 statements each to 3 questions regarding the self or their social group. Participants then indicate their choice on whether to donate their organs (default or opt-out), rate their confidence regarding their choice and complete the same scales measuring their cultural and power distance orientations.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants are assigned to 1 out of 2 culture orientation priming tasks (Individualistic or Collectivistic)
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Individualistic | Experimental | Behavioral: Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing)Participants write 3 statements to 3 questions relating to his/her differences from his/her immediate community |
| Collectivistic | Experimental | Behavioral: Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing)Participants write 3 statements to 3 questions relating to his/her similarities with his/her immediate community |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Aged 21 and above
- Lives in the United States of America
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Below age 21
- Does not live in the United States of America
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing)Participants write 3 statements each about (1) themselves, (2) why they are not like others, and (3) why it is beneficial to stand out from others | Behavioural | Individualistic |
| Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing)Participants think about a social group and write 3 statements each about (1) their social group, (2) why they are like others, and (3) why it is beneficial to blend in with others | Behavioural | Collectivistic |
Primary outcome
Binary survey item - Decision to Donate Organ
Time frame: 1 minute
From a scenario where participants imagine themselves applying for a driver's license in a country where an opt-out organ donation system is enforced, participants are asked to make a binary choice between choosing to donate their organs (default) and choosing not to donate their organs (opt out).
Line scale survey item - Confidence in Decision to Donate Organ
Time frame: 1 minute
Participants are asked to mark along a line scale on how confident they feel about their decision to donate their organs. The extreme ends of the line scale are defined as "Not Confident At All" (0) and "Extremely Confident" (100).
2 secondary outcomes
Individual levels of individualism & collectivism
Time frame: 5 minutes
Individual levels of power distance
Time frame: 3 minutes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Mar 2020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Online Individualistic Prime (statement writing) and Online Collectivistic Prime (statement writing) in people with Individual Difference, run by Yale-NUS College at 1 site in Singapore.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Mar 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Singapore. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Binary survey item - Decision to Donate Organ (time frame: 1 minute). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Mar 2020.