Post-stroke DepressionCONNECTNCT04318951
Impact of Intensive Social Interaction on Post-Stroke Depression in Individuals With Aphasia
A study testing Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction. in people with Post-stroke Depression and Post-stroke Aphasia, run by University Medicine Greifswald at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
The present parallel-group, single-center, blinded-assessment controlled trial seeks to explore the feasibility - in terms of high completion rates - and potential efficacy of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction for treatment of post stroke depression in subacute aphasia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Post-stroke Depression, Post-stroke Aphasia
- What is being tested?
- Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction.
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2020to 15 Jan 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Left-hemisphere cortical or subcortical stroke;
- Native speaker of German;
- Right-handedness according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971);
- Diagnosis of post-stroke depression, as defined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11);
- Diagnosis of aphasia, as confirmed by standardized tests (e.g., Huber et al., 1984); and
- Late subacute or consolidation phase (i.e., 0.5-6 months following stroke) where risk of post-stroke depression is particularly high (Shi et al., 2014).
Who cannot join
- Other neurological conditions;
- Pre-morbid history of depression;
- Other psychopathological conditions;
- Severely impaired vision or hearing that may prevent participants from engaging in intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction during therapy or testing, thus adopting routine-healthcare standards from a large-scale phase-III randomized controlled trial (Breitenstein et al., 2017);
- Serious non-verbal cognitive deficits; and
- No informed consent.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The present parallel-group, single-center, blinded-assessment controlled trial seeks to explore the feasibility - in terms of high completion rates - and potential efficacy of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction for treatment of post stroke depression in subacute aphasia. Apart from evidence of treatment feasibility, the primary hypothesis predicts significantly greater progress on self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity after (i) intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction combined with standard care, compared to (ii) standard care alone.
Read the detailed description
Background. Individuals with post-stroke aphasia often experience a profound loss of abilities to engage in social interaction, one major reason for increased risk of depression after a cerebrovascular accident. Impaired communication skills in aphasia can prevent classical forms of psychotherapy, thus emphasizing the need for new rehabilitation strategies alongside antidepressant medication.
Aims. The present parallel-group, single-center, blinded-assessment controlled trial seeks to explore the feasibility - in terms of high completion rates (primary outcome) - and potential efficacy (co-primary and secondary outcomes, as defined below) of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction for treatment of post-stroke depression in subacute aphasia. In this early time window after a cerebrovascular accident, prevalence of post-stroke depression is generally high.
Methods. Treatment is based on a linguistically validated protocol that encourages individuals with aphasia to use neural resources of verbal communication embedded in intensive social interaction. In a routine-healthcare outpatient setting, 60 individuals with post-stroke depression and subacute aphasia will be assigned to one of two groups in a pseudorandomized fashion: (i) intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction combined with standard care, or (ii) standard care alone.
Endpoints and Outcomes. Apart from evidence of treatment feasibility, endpoint will be change on self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity (co-primary outcomes: Beck's Depression Inventory, BDI; and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HAM-D) after a 1-month treatment period (5 hours of weekly training). Secondary outcomes include measures evaluating self-efficacy, quality of life, and language performance (secondary outcomes: Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; and Aachen Aphasia Test, AAT).
Hypotheses. Aside from evidence of treatment feasibility, the primary hypothesis predicts significant between-group differences on BDI and HAM-D scores, indicating greater reduction in depression severity with intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction over and above standard care alone. Secondary analyses will focus on the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire as an external criterion to explore the psychometric adequacy of the self-report co-primary outcome, the BDI, and consider progress in language performance from onset to end of treatment on the AAT to account for the potential relationship between change in cognitive-affective distress and verbal expression skills.
Clinical Relevance. The current proof-of-concept trial will investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction as a means to promote recovery from post-stroke depression in subacute aphasia. The results obtained will determine the design of a subsequent phase-III randomized controlled trial.
- Conditions
- Post-stroke Depression, Post-stroke Aphasia
- Being tested
- Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction., Standard care.
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction.Behavioural
ILAT requires individuals with aphasia to engage in social interaction. Groups of three patients and a therapist are seated around a table and provided with picture cards showing different objects (e.g., bottle). Each card has a duplicate that is owned by one of the other players. The goal is to obtain this duplicate from a fellow player by requesting the depicted object (e.g., "Give me the […]"). If the duplicate is available, the addressee hands over the corresponding card to the person who initiated the request sequence. If the duplicate is not available, the addressee rejects the request. In the event of misunderstandings, the players ask clarifying questions. Throughout the training, participants use formulaic expressions to indicate whether a request is accepted ("Here you are," "Thank you," "You're welcome"), rejected ("I'm sorry," "No problem," "Too bad") or unclear ("Pardon me?"). Treatment duration will be four weeks.
Standard care.Behavioural
Depending on the participants' diagnoses and needs, standard care will include: occupational therapy (2-3 hours of weekly practice), physiotherapy (3 hours of weekly practice), and speech-language therapy (2-3 hours of weekly practice with non-communicative, impairment-specific exercises). Standard care will be delivered in accordance with state-of-the-art procedures in rehabilitation centers certified in Germany. Treatment duration will be four weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction. | Experimental | Intensive Language-Action Therapy (ILAT). Receives: Behavioral: Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction.; Behavioral: Standard care. |
| Standard care. | Other | All participants will receive standard care. Receives: Behavioral: Standard care. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Beck's Depression Inventory, BDI.
This self-report measure of depression severity is derived from a standardized questionnaire known for its good psychometric properties, including construct validity and test-retest reliability, in individuals without aphasia. Scale range: 0-120. Higher values represent higher degree of depression.
Measured: Change from 1 day before start of treatment until immediately after 4 weeks of treatment.
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HAM-D. Higher Values Represent Higher Degree of Depression.
This clinician-rated measure of depression severity is known for its good psychometric properties, including construct validity and test-retest reliability, in individuals without aphasia. Scale range: 0-35.
Measured: Change from 1 day before start of treatment until immediately after 4 weeks of treatment.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.
This self-report questionnaire was conceived to quantify a person's confidence to overcome obstacles encountered when completing a difficult task. Results are expressed on a Likert scale ranging from 0 (very low self-efficacy) to 3 (very high self-efficacy). Results are expressed as sum scores ranging from 0 (very low self-efficacy) to 30 (very high self-efficacy). Reduced self-efficacy is discussed as one risk factor for depression. This instrument was used only for cross-sectional assessment, not for longitudinal assessment, to serve as an external criterion to explore the psychometric adequacy of the self-report co-primary outcome, the BDI.
Measured: Immediately after 4 weeks of treatment (used only as an external criterion to explore the psychometric adequacy of the self-report co-primary outcome, the BDI)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Mar 2020
- Study start1 Mar 2020
- Primary completion15 Jan 2022
- Study completion15 Jan 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Post-stroke DepressionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Medicine Greifswald
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Benjamin Stahl, PhD, Principal investigator, University Medicine of Greifswald & Medical School BerlinAgnes Flöel, MD, Principal investigator, University Medicine of Greifswald
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04318951
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BB 033/17
- Acronym
- CONNECT
- Status last verified
- Jun 2024
- First submitted
- 17 Mar 2020
- Last updated
- 5 Jul 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Stahl B, Van Lancker Sidtis D. Tapping into neural resources of communication: formulaic language in aphasia therapy. Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 20;6:1526. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01526. eCollection 2015. No abstract available.
PubMed 26539131Stahl B, Mohr B, Dreyer FR, Lucchese G, Pulvermuller F. Using language for social interaction: Communication mechanisms promote recovery from chronic non-fluent aphasia. Cortex. 2016 Dec;85:90-99. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.021. Epub 2016 Oct 15.
PubMed 27842269Stahl B, Mohr B, Buscher V, Dreyer FR, Lucchese G, Pulvermuller F. Efficacy of intensive aphasia therapy in patients with chronic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;89(6):586-592. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315962. Epub 2017 Dec 22.
PubMed 29273692Breitenstein C, Grewe T, Floel A, Ziegler W, Springer L, Martus P, Huber W, Willmes K, Ringelstein EB, Haeusler KG, Abel S, Glindemann R, Domahs F, Regenbrecht F, Schlenck KJ, Thomas M, Obrig H, de Langen E, Rocker R, Wigbers F, Ruhmkorf C, Hempen I, List J, Baumgaertner A; FCET2EC study group. Intensive speech and language therapy in patients with chronic aphasia after stroke: a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, controlled trial in a health-care setting. Lancet. 2017 Apr 15;389(10078):1528-1538. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30067-3. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
PubMed 28256356Huber W, Poeck K, Willmes K. The Aachen Aphasia Test. Adv Neurol. 1984;42:291-303. No abstract available.
PubMed 6209953Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4. No abstract available.
PubMed 5146491Shi YZ, Xiang YT, Wu SL, Zhang N, Zhou J, Bai Y, Wang S, Wang YL, Zhao XQ, Ungvari GS, Chiu HF, Wang YJ, Wang CX. The relationship between frontal lobe lesions, course of post-stroke depression, and 1-year prognosis in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e100456. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100456. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 25003990Stahl B, Millrose S, Denzler P, Lucchese G, Jacobi F, Floel A. Intensive Social Interaction for Treatment of Poststroke Depression in Subacute Aphasia: The CONNECT Trial. Stroke. 2022 Dec;53(12):3530-3537. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.039995. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
PubMed 36124755
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Jul 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Intensive Social Interaction on Post-Stroke Depression in Individuals With Aphasia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04318951
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CONNECT / BB 033/17
- Conditions
- Post-stroke Depression, Post-stroke Aphasia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University Medicine GreifswaldUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jan 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 5 Jul 2024
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The present parallel-group, single-center, blinded-assessment controlled trial seeks to explore the feasibility - in terms of high completion rates - and potential efficacy of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction for treatment of post stroke depression in subacute aphasia. Apart from evidence of treatment feasibility, the primary hypothesis predicts significantly greater progress on self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity after (i) intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction combined with standard care, compared to (ii) standard care alone.
Detailed description
Background. Individuals with post-stroke aphasia often experience a profound loss of abilities to engage in social interaction, one major reason for increased risk of depression after a cerebrovascular accident. Impaired communication skills in aphasia can prevent classical forms of psychotherapy, thus emphasizing the need for new rehabilitation strategies alongside antidepressant medication.
Aims. The present parallel-group, single-center, blinded-assessment controlled trial seeks to explore the feasibility - in terms of high completion rates (primary outcome) - and potential efficacy (co-primary and secondary outcomes, as defined below) of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction for treatment of post-stroke depression in subacute aphasia. In this early time window after a cerebrovascular accident, prevalence of post-stroke depression is generally high.
Methods. Treatment is based on a linguistically validated protocol that encourages individuals with aphasia to use neural resources of verbal communication embedded in intensive social interaction. In a routine-healthcare outpatient setting, 60 individuals with post-stroke depression and subacute aphasia will be assigned to one of two groups in a pseudorandomized fashion: (i) intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction combined with standard care, or (ii) standard care alone.
Endpoints and Outcomes. Apart from evidence of treatment feasibility, endpoint will be change on self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity (co-primary outcomes: Beck's Depression Inventory, BDI; and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HAM-D) after a 1-month treatment period (5 hours of weekly training). Secondary outcomes include measures evaluating self-efficacy, quality of life, and language performance (secondary outcomes: Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; and Aachen Aphasia Test, AAT).
Hypotheses. Aside from evidence of treatment feasibility, the primary hypothesis predicts significant between-group differences on BDI and HAM-D scores, indicating greater reduction in depression severity with intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction over and above standard care alone. Secondary analyses will focus on the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire as an external criterion to explore the psychometric adequacy of the self-report co-primary outcome, the BDI, and consider progress in language performance from onset to end of treatment on the AAT to account for the potential relationship between change in cognitive-affective distress and verbal expression skills.
Clinical Relevance. The current proof-of-concept trial will investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction as a means to promote recovery from post-stroke depression in subacute aphasia. The results obtained will determine the design of a subsequent phase-III randomized controlled trial.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction. | Experimental | Behavioral: Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction., Behavioral: Standard care.Intensive Language-Action Therapy (ILAT). |
| Standard care. | Other | Behavioral: Standard care.All participants will receive standard care. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Left-hemisphere cortical or subcortical stroke;
- Native speaker of German;
- Right-handedness according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971);
- Diagnosis of post-stroke depression, as defined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11);
- Diagnosis of aphasia, as confirmed by standardized tests (e.g., Huber et al., 1984); and
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Other neurological conditions;
- Pre-morbid history of depression;
- Other psychopathological conditions;
- Severely impaired vision or hearing that may prevent participants from engaging in intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction during therapy or testing, thus adopting routine-healthcare standards from a large-scale phase-III randomized controlled trial (Breitenstein et al., 2017);
- Serious non-verbal cognitive deficits; and
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction.ILAT requires individuals with aphasia to engage in social interaction. Groups of three patients and a therapist are seated around a table and provided with picture cards showing different objects (e.g., bottle). Each card has a duplicate that is owned by one of the other players. The goal is to obtain this duplicate from a fellow player by requesting the depicted object (e.g., "Give me the […]"). If the duplicate is available, the addressee hands over the corresponding card to the person who initiated the request sequence. If the duplicate is not available, the addressee rejects the request. In the event of misunderstandings, the players ask clarifying questions. Throughout the training, participants use formulaic expressions to indicate whether a request is accepted ("Here you are," "Thank you," "You're welcome"), rejected ("I'm sorry," "No problem," "Too bad") or unclear ("Pardon me?"). Treatment duration will be four weeks. | Behavioural | Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction. |
| Standard care.Depending on the participants' diagnoses and needs, standard care will include: occupational therapy (2-3 hours of weekly practice), physiotherapy (3 hours of weekly practice), and speech-language therapy (2-3 hours of weekly practice with non-communicative, impairment-specific exercises). Standard care will be delivered in accordance with state-of-the-art procedures in rehabilitation centers certified in Germany. Treatment duration will be four weeks. | Behavioural | Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction., Standard care. |
Primary outcome
Change in Beck's Depression Inventory, BDI.
Time frame: Change from 1 day before start of treatment until immediately after 4 weeks of treatment.
This self-report measure of depression severity is derived from a standardized questionnaire known for its good psychometric properties, including construct validity and test-retest reliability, in individuals without aphasia. Scale range: 0-120. Higher values represent higher degree of depression.
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HAM-D. Higher Values Represent Higher Degree of Depression.
Time frame: Change from 1 day before start of treatment until immediately after 4 weeks of treatment.
This clinician-rated measure of depression severity is known for its good psychometric properties, including construct validity and test-retest reliability, in individuals without aphasia. Scale range: 0-35.
1 secondary outcome
Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.
Time frame: Immediately after 4 weeks of treatment (used only as an external criterion to explore the psychometric adequacy of the self-report co-primary outcome, the BDI)
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Jul 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 26539131Stahl B, Van Lancker Sidtis D. Tapping into neural resources of communication: formulaic language in aphasia therapy. Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 20;6:1526. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01526. eCollection 2015. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 27842269Stahl B, Mohr B, Dreyer FR, Lucchese G, Pulvermuller F. Using language for social interaction: Communication mechanisms promote recovery from chronic non-fluent aphasia. Cortex. 2016 Dec;85:90-99. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.021. Epub 2016 Oct 15.
- Background: PubMed 29273692Stahl B, Mohr B, Buscher V, Dreyer FR, Lucchese G, Pulvermuller F. Efficacy of intensive aphasia therapy in patients with chronic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;89(6):586-592. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315962. Epub 2017 Dec 22.
- Background: PubMed 28256356Breitenstein C, Grewe T, Floel A, Ziegler W, Springer L, Martus P, Huber W, Willmes K, Ringelstein EB, Haeusler KG, Abel S, Glindemann R, Domahs F, Regenbrecht F, Schlenck KJ, Thomas M, Obrig H, de Langen E, Rocker R, Wigbers F, Ruhmkorf C, Hempen I, List J, Baumgaertner A; FCET2EC study group. Intensive speech and language therapy in patients with chronic aphasia after stroke: a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, controlled trial in a health-care setting. Lancet. 2017 Apr 15;389(10078):1528-1538. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30067-3. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
- Background: PubMed 6209953Huber W, Poeck K, Willmes K. The Aachen Aphasia Test. Adv Neurol. 1984;42:291-303. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 5146491Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 25003990Shi YZ, Xiang YT, Wu SL, Zhang N, Zhou J, Bai Y, Wang S, Wang YL, Zhao XQ, Ungvari GS, Chiu HF, Wang YJ, Wang CX. The relationship between frontal lobe lesions, course of post-stroke depression, and 1-year prognosis in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e100456. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100456. eCollection 2014.
- Results publication: PubMed 36124755Stahl B, Millrose S, Denzler P, Lucchese G, Jacobi F, Floel A. Intensive Social Interaction for Treatment of Poststroke Depression in Subacute Aphasia: The CONNECT Trial. Stroke. 2022 Dec;53(12):3530-3537. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.039995. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
- Documentary feature on the present clinical trial.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Benjamin Stahl, PhD principal investigator
University Medicine of Greifswald & Medical School Berlin
Agnes Flöel, MD principal investigator
University Medicine of Greifswald
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Intensive communicative-pragmatic social interaction. in people with Post-stroke Depression and Post-stroke Aphasia, run by University Medicine Greifswald at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Jul 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 5 Jul 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Beck's Depression Inventory, BDI. (time frame: Change from 1 day before start of treatment until immediately after 4 weeks of treatment.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04318951, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Jul 2024.