GlioblastomaPhase 1NCT04323046

Immunotherapy Before and After Surgery for Treatment of Recurrent or Progressive High Grade Glioma in Children and Young Adults

A Phase 1 study testing Nivolumab, Quality-of-Life Assessment and Questionnaire Administration in people with Glioblastoma and Malignant Glioma, run by Sabine Mueller, MD, PhD at 20 sites in 2 countries.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 6 months to 25 years
Conditions the study is for: Glioblastoma, Malignant Glioma, Recurrent Glioblastoma
What is being tested?: Nivolumab, Quality-of-Life Assessment and Questionnaire Administration
Type of treatment: Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 9 participants
Where: 20 sitesin 2 countries
Study dates: 2 Oct 2020to 30 Jun 2028
Phase: Phase 1
Are there results?: Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 6 months to 25 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Child, Adult

Who may be able to join

Participants with recurrent or progressive high-grade gliomas (HGG) (World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or grade IV) who are candidates for surgical tumor debulking will be enrolled in this trial
All assessments are to occur within 14 days of registration except where otherwise noted. The participant and their legal parent/guardian must be thoroughly informed about all aspects of the study, including the study visit schedule and required evaluations and all regulatory requirements for informed consent. The written informed consent must be obtained from the participant and legal parent/guardian prior to enrollment
Have a history of previously treated histologically confirmed World Health Organization grade III or IV HGG. Previous first line therapy with radiation and/or chemotherapy
Have evidence of recurrence or progression of disease by MRI scan
Participants must be adequate medical candidates for surgical resection. The intent of surgical resection is to allow both cytoreduction and tumor debulking as part of standard of care, and also collect a minimum of 100 mg of tumor tissue for the study tissue endpoints
A primary goal of surgery must be cytoreduction, and not solely on diagnostic biopsy

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Age: Participants must be > 6 months and < 25 years of age at time of enrollment
Karnofsky >= 50 for participants > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for participants =< 16 years of age. Participants who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
Patients with neurological deficits should have deficits that are stable for a minimum of 1 week prior to enrollment (on stable or tapering dosing of steroids). A baseline detailed neurological exam should clearly document the neurologic status of the patient at the time of enrollment on the study.
Prior Therapy: Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment. If after the required timeframe, the defined eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive. At least 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
An interval of at least 12 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to registration unless there is unequivocal histologic confirmation of tumor progression
Hematopoietic growth factors: At least 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events (AEs) are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair.
Had their last dose of biologic (anti-neoplastic agent) ≥7 days prior to study registration, or beyond the time during which AEs are known to occur.
Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): At least 7 days after the last dose of agent
Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
An interval of at least 12 weeks from prior exposure to PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.
Stem cell infusion (with or without total-body irradiation (TBI)):
Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 42 days
Participants must be willing to forego cytotoxic anti-tumor therapies except study-defined therapy while being treated on study
Organ Function Requirements:
Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3
Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3
Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
6 months to < 3 years: 0.6 (male and female)
3 to < 6 years: 0.8 (male and female)
6 to < 10 years: 1 (male and female)
10 to < 13 years: 1.2 (male and female)
13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
Bilirubin (sum of conjugated and unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (except participants with Gilbert syndrome who must have a total bilirubin level of < 3.0
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3.0 x ULN
Serum albumin >= 2
Pregnancy: The effects of nivolumab on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and 5 months after completion of therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
MRI within 28 days prior to registration.

Who cannot join

Current or planned participation in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device.
Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency.
Has tumor primarily localized to the brainstem or spinal cord.
Has presence of diffuse leptomeningeal disease or or disseminated/multi-focal disease, or extracranial disease.
Has received systemic immunosuppressive treatments (such as methotrexate, chloroquine, azathioprine, etc.), aside from anti-neoplastic chemotherapy or systemic corticosteroids within six months of registration.
Participants with a concurrent condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 0.25 mg/kg daily prednisone equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of start of study treatment. Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroid doses > 0.25 mg/kg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease.

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Unable to taper steroids due to ongoing mass effect; a maximum dexamethasone dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day is allowed (4mg maximum), but preferably have been discontinued (inhaled or topical use of steroids is allowed).
Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus tuberculosis).
Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment within 3 years of registration. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy.
Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g. thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
Has known history of, or any evidence of active non-infectious pneumonitis.
Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
Has a known hypersensitivity to any of the study therapy products.
Has a known history of positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
NOTE: Testing for HIV must be performed at sites where mandated locally
Any prior positive test result for hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus indicating presence of virus, e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, Australia antigen) positive, or hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) positive (except if HCV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) negative).
Participants who have had prior allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
Any serious or uncontrolled medical disorder that, in the opinion of the investigator may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration, impair the ability of the participant to receive protocol therapy or interfere with interpretation of study results.

Trial locations and contacts

20 sites in 2 countries.

Country

City, postcode or hospital

20 sites in 2 countries

United States14 sites

Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's of Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama, 35233
Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center
Durham, North Carolina, 27705
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, 32611
Hackensack Meridian Children's Health at Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital
Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601
Riley Children's Hospital
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, 90027
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, 84113
Rady Children's Hospital
San Diego, California, 92123
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, 94115
Washington University St. Louis
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
Children's National Hospital
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20310

Other trials in United States

Australia6 sites

Women's and Children's Hospital
North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006
Royal Children's Hospital
Parkville, Victoria, 3052
Perth Children's' Hospital
Perth, Western Australia, 6009
Queensland Children's Hospital
South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101
Sydney Children's Hospital
Sydney, New South Wales, 1291
The Children's Hospital at Westmead
Westmead, New South Wales, 2152

Other trials in Australia

About this study

Official title: A Single Arm, Pilot of Neoadjuvant Checkpoint Inhibition Followed by Adjuvant Checkpoint Inhibition in Children and Young Adults With Recurrent or Progressive High Grade Glioma (HGG)

This phase I trial studies the side effects of nivolumab before and after surgery in treating children and young adults with high grade glioma that has come back (recurrent) or is increasing in scope or severity (progressive). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread.

Read the detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

To measure the relative changes in cell cycle-related genetic signature of the tumor microenvironment post administration of neoadjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG when compared to a cohort of archived non-treated recurrent pediatric HGG samples.

II. To characterize the safety and tolerability of neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

To determine the 6 month and 12 month overall survival (OS) in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

II. To determine the 6 month and 12 month progression-free survival (PFS) in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

To measure relative changes in interferon gamma associated genetic signature within the tumor microenvironment post administration of neoadjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG compared to archived non-treated recurrent pediatric HGG samples.

II. To explore the correlation of interferon-gamma-associated genetic signature, cell cycle-related genetic signature and infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) density and clonality with clinical responses.

III. To measure TIL density post administration of neoadjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG.

IV. To estimate the objective response rate (ORR) in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

To evaluate the association between advanced MRI parameters (ADC on DWI, rCBV on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI, pre-contrast T1 shortening on T1-weighed images, and/or MTRasym on pH-Weighted Amine CEST-EPI) and tumor and peripheral blood immune responses.

VI. To measure relative change in peripheral T-cell response and post administration of neo-adjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG.

VII. To measure PD-1 and PDL-1 expression by immunohistochemistry for children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG post neoadjuvant nivolumab and evaluate the differences between the treatment cohort and archived non-treated recurrent pediatric HGG samples.

VIII. To explore the correlation of tumor mutational load with clinical response for children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

IX. To assess Quality of Life (QOL) and cognitive measures in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

To assess patient and/or proxy satisfaction with study participation via patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in the context of race ethnicity and other health related social risks.

XI. To assess on therapy toxicity in the context of race, ethnicity and other health related social risks.

OUTLINE: Neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab evaluation.

NEOADJUVANT TREATMENT: Participants will receive a single infusion of nivolumab of 3 mg/kg 14± 5 days prior to surgery. When scheduling, please keep in mind that the two pre-surgical plasma samples (day of neoadjuvant dose and day of surgery) should be drawn greater than 10 days apart.

Tumor samples will be obtained at time of surgery. The tissue from this surgery (fresh, frozen and FFPE) and the archived tissue (FFPE) from the most recent surgery prior to registration revealing HGG will be processed so as to best achieve the primary, secondary and exploratory objectives.

ADJUVANT TREATMENT: Infusion Cycle #1 should begin as soon as participant has recovered from surgery and has been tapered off of steroids. A maximum dexamethasone dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day is allowed, but preferably have been discontinued (inhaled or topical use of steroids is allowed).

Maintenance Cycle 1+ Day 1 \& 15: Participants will receive nivolumab (3mg/kg) IV every 2 weeks until progression or development of unacceptable toxicities or withdrawal. Blood samples will be obtained as pharmacodynamic markers throughout the study (Day 1 of every other cycle). Dose interruptions and symptomatic management will occur based upon preset adverse event determination.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 2 months for up to 5 years.

Conditions: Glioblastoma, Malignant Glioma, Recurrent Glioblastoma, Recurrent Malignant Glioma, Recurrent Grade III Glioma, Grade III Glioma
Being tested: Nivolumab, Quality-of-Life Assessment, Questionnaire Administration
Medical subject headings: Glioblastoma, Glioma

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

NivolumabBiological
Also called BMS-936558, MDX-1106, NIVO, ONO-4538
Given IV
Quality-of-Life AssessmentOther
Also called Quality of Life Assessment
Ancillary studies, given in person or online
Questionnaire AdministrationOther
Ancillary studies, given in person or online

Study groups in NCT04323046
Study group	Role	What they receive
Neoadjuvant nivolumab and adjuvant nivolumab	Experimental	NEOADJUVANT: Patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes 14 days before undergoing standard of care surgical resection. ADJUVANT MAINTENANCE: After completion of neoadjuvant infusion, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Receives: Biological: Nivolumab; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Percentage change in cell cycle-related genetic signature
Will assess the percentage change in cell cycle-related genetic signature post administration of neoadjuvant treatments when compared to archived recurrent pediatric HGG group. The number of participants with high cell cycle gene signature (positive median gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score) will be tabulated. Variables involved in the primary analyses will be examined graphically and summarized by descriptive statistics.
Measured: From screening to surgery visit (neoadjuvant treatment groups); at time of recurrent high grade glioma (HGG) tissue collection (for archived non-treated samples)
Proportion of participants with treatment-related adverse events
Adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial and graded in severity according to the guidelines outlined in the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 from initiation of study treatment until 2 years after treatment discontinuation or until study treatment related adverse events resolve or return to baseline, Adverse experiences (specific terms as well as system organ class terms) and predefined limits of change in laboratory, and vital sign parameters that are not pre-specified as events of interest will be summarized with descriptive statistics (counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation, etc.).
Measured: Up to 2 years

Secondary outcomes (2)

Overall survival
Survival will be assessed at 6 months and 12 months from the time of enrollment until the time of death. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses will be performed. Medians together with 2-sided 95% confidence intervals will be computed using a log-log transformation.
Measured: Up to 12 months
Progression-free survival (PFS)
PFS is defined as the time of enrollment until the time of progressive disease or death. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses will be performed. Medians together with 2-sided 95% confidence intervals will be computed using a log-log transformation.
Measured: Up to 12 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

2 Oct 202030 Jun 2028

First posted26 Mar 2020
Study start2 Oct 2020
Primary completion30 Jun 2028 (estimated)
Study completion30 Jun 2028 (estimated)

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Other trials for GlioblastomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 9 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04323046
Sponsor's protocol ID: 190815
Other IDs: NCI-2020-01502, PNOC 019
Status last verified: Jun 2026
First submitted: 24 Mar 2020
Last updated: 15 Jun 2026
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: Yes
FDA-regulated drug: Yes
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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All Glioblastoma trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: A Single Arm, Pilot of Neoadjuvant Checkpoint Inhibition Followed by Adjuvant Checkpoint Inhibition in Children and Young Adults With Recurrent or Progressive High Grade Glioma (HGG)
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04323046
Acronym / sponsor ID: 190815
Conditions: Glioblastoma, Malignant Glioma, Recurrent Glioblastoma, Recurrent Malignant Glioma, Recurrent Grade III Glioma, Grade III Glioma
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Active, not recruiting
Enrolment: 9 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Sabine Mueller, MD, PhDUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium
Study start: 2 Oct 2020 (actual)
Primary completion: 30 Jun 2028 (estimated)
Study completion: 30 Jun 2028 (estimated)
First posted: 26 Mar 2020 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

To measure the relative changes in cell cycle-related genetic signature of the tumor microenvironment post administration of neoadjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG when compared to a cohort of archived non-treated recurrent pediatric HGG samples.

II. To characterize the safety and tolerability of neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

To determine the 6 month and 12 month overall survival (OS) in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

To measure relative changes in interferon gamma associated genetic signature within the tumor microenvironment post administration of neoadjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG compared to archived non-treated recurrent pediatric HGG samples.

III. To measure TIL density post administration of neoadjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG.

IV. To estimate the objective response rate (ORR) in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

To evaluate the association between advanced MRI parameters (ADC on DWI, rCBV on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI, pre-contrast T1 shortening on T1-weighed images, and/or MTRasym on pH-Weighted Amine CEST-EPI) and tumor and peripheral blood immune responses.

VI. To measure relative change in peripheral T-cell response and post administration of neo-adjuvant nivolumab in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG.

IX. To assess Quality of Life (QOL) and cognitive measures in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive HGG treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab.

To assess patient and/or proxy satisfaction with study participation via patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in the context of race ethnicity and other health related social risks.

XI. To assess on therapy toxicity in the context of race, ethnicity and other health related social risks.

OUTLINE: Neoadjuvant nivolumab followed by adjuvant nivolumab evaluation.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 2 months for up to 5 years.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 1

Arm	Type	Receives
Neoadjuvant nivolumab and adjuvant nivolumab	Experimental	Biological: Nivolumab, Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment, Other: Questionnaire AdministrationNEOADJUVANT: Patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes 14 days before undergoing standard of care surgical resection. ADJUVANT MAINTENANCE: After completion of neoadjuvant infusion, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Who may qualify

Ages: 6 months to 25 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Child, Adult

Key inclusion criteria (37 listed)

Participants with recurrent or progressive high-grade gliomas (HGG) (World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or grade IV) who are candidates for surgical tumor debulking will be enrolled in this trial
All assessments are to occur within 14 days of registration except where otherwise noted. The participant and their legal parent/guardian must be thoroughly informed about all aspects of the study, including the study visit schedule and required evaluations and all regulatory requirements for informed consent. The written informed consent must be obtained from the participant and legal parent/guardian prior to enrollment
Have a history of previously treated histologically confirmed World Health Organization grade III or IV HGG. Previous first line therapy with radiation and/or chemotherapy
Have evidence of recurrence or progression of disease by MRI scan
Participants must be adequate medical candidates for surgical resection. The intent of surgical resection is to allow both cytoreduction and tumor debulking as part of standard of care, and also collect a minimum of 100 mg of tumor tissue for the study tissue endpoints

Key exclusion criteria (18 listed)

Current or planned participation in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device.
Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency.
Has tumor primarily localized to the brainstem or spinal cord.
Has presence of diffuse leptomeningeal disease or or disseminated/multi-focal disease, or extracranial disease.
Has received systemic immunosuppressive treatments (such as methotrexate, chloroquine, azathioprine, etc.), aside from anti-neoplastic chemotherapy or systemic corticosteroids within six months of registration.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
NivolumabAlso: BMS-936558, MDX-1106, NIVO, ONO-4538Given IV	Biological	Neoadjuvant nivolumab and adjuvant nivolumab
Quality-of-Life AssessmentAlso: Quality of Life AssessmentAncillary studies, given in person or online	Other	Neoadjuvant nivolumab and adjuvant nivolumab
Questionnaire AdministrationAncillary studies, given in person or online	Other	Neoadjuvant nivolumab and adjuvant nivolumab

Primary outcome

Percentage change in cell cycle-related genetic signature
Time frame: From screening to surgery visit (neoadjuvant treatment groups); at time of recurrent high grade glioma (HGG) tissue collection (for archived non-treated samples)
Will assess the percentage change in cell cycle-related genetic signature post administration of neoadjuvant treatments when compared to archived recurrent pediatric HGG group. The number of participants with high cell cycle gene signature (positive median gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score) will be tabulated. Variables involved in the primary analyses will be examined graphically and summarized by descriptive statistics.
Proportion of participants with treatment-related adverse events
Time frame: Up to 2 years
Adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial and graded in severity according to the guidelines outlined in the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 from initiation of study treatment until 2 years after treatment discontinuation or until study treatment related adverse events resolve or return to baseline, Adverse experiences (specific terms as well as system organ class terms) and predefined limits of change in laboratory, and vital sign parameters that are not pre-specified as events of interest will be summarized with descriptive statistics (counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation, etc.).

2 secondary outcomes

Overall survival
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Progression-free survival (PFS)
Time frame: Up to 12 months

Results and safety

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jun 2026.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

Related trials for Glioblastoma

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Tom Davidson (tdavidson@chla.usc.edu), MD study chair

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

20 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 37 inclusion and 18 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 20 sites in United States, Australia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Percentage change in cell cycle-related genetic signature (time frame: From screening to surgery visit (neoadjuvant treatment groups); at time of recurrent high grade glioma (HGG) tissue collection (for archived non-treated samples)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04323046.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jun 2026.