Left Bundle-Branch BlockNCT04328649
Clinical, Structural and Mechanical Features in Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block.
An observational study of Left Bundle-Branch Block and Electrocardiographic Pattens, run by Policlinico Casilino ASL RMB.
Trial summary
Clinical, structural and mechanical features in patients with left bundle branch block. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Left Bundle-Branch Block, Electrocardiographic Pattens, Clinical Features
- How many people
- 250 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 15 May 2020to 15 Apr 2025
- How long will I take part?
- 5 Years
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: In this prospective observational study we consider to enroll patients with LBBB admitted to our Cardiology Department and Ambulatory Care Unit recording different ECG patterns, risk factors, genetic, underlying heart disease, imaging parameters (Echocardiographic and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance) and treatment (either pharmacological or interventional).
Who may be able to join
- Every patient with electrocardiographic diagnosis of LBBB admitted to our Cardiology Department and Ambulatory Care Unit
- ECG standard criteria from typical, atypical and NIVCD
- Patients who have given their informed consent in writing.
- Age ≥ 18 years
Who cannot join
- Age <18 years
- Patients who have not given their informed consent in writing.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
Leonardo Calò, Professor contact
About this study
Official title: Clinical, Structural and Mechanical Features in Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block: an Observational and Prospective Study.
Clinical, structural and mechanical features in patients with left bundle branch block.
Read the detailed description
Left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is an electrocardiographic marker often associated with underlying cardiac disease (such as coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, etc) but in some cases it is also found in patients with isolated LBBB defined as "none apparent structural heart disease".
Several investigations in animal and human study have showed a different electroanatomical activation in isolated LBBB when compared to LBBB in heart failure patients mostly due to coronary artery disease. The sequence of endocardial activation through the left ventricle has also proven to be heterogeneous in heart failure occuring at different septal regions. This electrical and mechanical variability seems to be related to location of LBBB block or lesion that could be proximal, distal or diffuse, consequently influencing also electrocardiographic aspects.
These considerations explain and justify the great variability in the proposed "true or typical LBBB" definitions (derived from from Strauss, Perrin and Marican definitions and from Heart Association/American College Cardiology Foundation/ European Society of Cardiology guidelines) but also shift attention to relatively new concept of atypical LBBB definitions with extreme left or right axis deviation and of non specific intraventricular conduction delay defined as a wide QRS (≥110 ms) without the appearance of left and right bundle-branch block. In fact, several investigations have shown that QRS axis deviation is a predictor of unfavorable outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy and LBBB. The less favorable outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates with LBBB and left axis deviation seems to be associated to the presence of a shorter activation delay, scar tissue and left ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, actual LBBB definitions recommended by guidelines in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients differ significantly and only individual ECG criteria (such as electrocardiographic intervals QS or RS in lead V1, notch and no q wave in lead V5, V6, I and avL) seems to be associated to clinical outcome when compared with combining criteria.
Finally, a frequent dyssynchrony of ventricular activation due to LBBB may be responsible for a dyssynchrony-related cardiomyopathy that needs to be identified early and differentiated from other forms of dilated cardiomyopathy through a multiparametric approach such as genetic, clinical data, electrocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. In fact, in isolated LBBB undergone cardiac magnetic resonance it was observed a greater left ventricular volumes and lower global left ventricular Ejection Fraction despite the absence of cardiovascular disease as compared with control subject. Despite this, comparison between isolated LBBB and structural heart disease shows a different myocardial mechanism all the more unfavourable the more significant is the presence of underlying myocardial scarring. In the other hand, isolated LBBB, dyssynchrony-related cardiomyopathy and myocardial scarring could present different temporal phase in the clinical history of the same patient and that must be early identified.
The aim of this present large-scale prospective observational study is to evaluate 1) clinical, electrocardiographic and imaging features in a population of patients with typical and atypical LBBB and " non specific intraventricular conduction delay" pattern during a long-term follow up and 2) association among eventual different LBBB patterns (typical, atypical (LBBB and extreme left and/or right axis deviation, fragmentation) and " non specific intraventricular conduction delay " pattern and tissue characterization, mechanical myocardial activation and perfusion. 3) a possible time-related evolution from "non specific intraventricular conduction delay" patterns to typical or atypical LBBB.
- Medical subject headings
- Bundle-Branch Block
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Rate of ECG pattern distribution in LBBB patients
Measured: 5 years
Rate of underlying structural heart diseases in different LBBB pattern
Measured: 5 years
Number of participants with stress induced myocardial ischemia during Stress Magnetic resonance
Measured: 5 years
number or participants with late gadolinium enhancement during cardiac magnetic resonance
Measured: 5 years
number and of participants with isolated LBBB evolving to dyssynchrony-related cardiomyopathy
Measured: 5 years
Number of participants with mechanical dyssynchrony evaluated with Echocardiography
Strain, Strain Rate, intraventricular timing Delay between left ventricular lateral and Septal wall
Measured: 5 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted31 Mar 2020
- Study start15 May 2020 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Apr 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Apr 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Left Bundle-Branch BlockStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 250 participants (estimated)
- Target duration
- 5 Years
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Policlinico Casilino ASL RMB
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Leonardo Calò, MD, Policlinico Casilino ASL RMB
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04328649
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PoliclinicoCasilino
- Status last verified
- May 2020
- First submitted
- 26 Mar 2020
- Last updated
- 6 May 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Akhtari S, Chuang ML, Salton CJ, Berg S, Kissinger KV, Goddu B, O'Donnell CJ, Manning WJ. Effect of isolated left bundle-branch block on biventricular volumes and ejection fraction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2018 Sep 20;20(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12968-018-0457-8.
PubMed 30231875Strik M, Regoli F, Auricchio A, Prinzen F. Electrical and mechanical ventricular activation during left bundle branch block and resynchronization. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012 Apr;5(2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s12265-012-9351-1. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
PubMed 22311563Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Gorgels A, Hancock EW, Josephson M, Kligfield P, Kors JA, Macfarlane P, Mason JW, Mirvis DM, Okin P, Pahlm O, Rautaharju PM, van Herpen G, Wagner GS, Wellens H; American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; American College of Cardiology Foundation; Heart Rhythm Society. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Mar 17;53(11):976-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.013. No abstract available.
PubMed 19281930European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, Cleland J, Deharo JC, Delgado V, Elliott PM, Gorenek B, Israel CW, Leclercq C, Linde C, Mont L, Padeletti L, Sutton R, Vardas PE. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2013 Aug;15(8):1070-118. doi: 10.1093/europace/eut206. Epub 2013 Jun 24. No abstract available.
PubMed 23801827Strauss DG, Selvester RH, Wagner GS. Defining left bundle branch block in the era of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 15;107(6):927-34. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.11.010.
PubMed 21376930Padanilam BJ, Morris KE, Olson JA, Rippy JS, Walsh MN, Subramanian N, Vidal A, Prystowsky EN, Steinberg LA. The surface electrocardiogram predicts risk of heart block during right heart catheterization in patients with preexisting left bundle branch block: implications for the definition of complete left bundle branch block. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010 Jul;21(7):781-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01714.x. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
PubMed 20132380Kisiel R, Fijorek K, Moskal P, Kukla P, Pavlinec C, Stec J, Czarnecka D, Jastrzebski M. True left bundle branch block and long-term mortality in cardiac resynchronisation therapy patients. Kardiol Pol. 2019;77(3):371-379. doi: 10.5603/KP.a2019.0032. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
PubMed 30799545Eschalier R, Ploux S, Ritter P, Haissaguerre M, Ellenbogen KA, Bordachar P. Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay: Definitions, prognosis, and implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2015 May;12(5):1071-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.01.023. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
PubMed 25614250Storkas HS, Hansen TF, Tahri JB, Lauridsen TK, Olsen FJ, Borgquist R, Vinther M, Lindhardt TB, Bruun NE, Sogaard P, Risum N. Left axis deviation in patients with left bundle branch block is a marker of myocardial disease associated with poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Electrocardiol. 2020 Nov-Dec;63:147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 Apr 5.
PubMed 31003852van Stipdonk AMW, Hoogland R, Ter Horst I, Kloosterman M, Vanbelle S, Crijns HJGM, Prinzen FW, Meine M, Maass AH, Vernooy K. Evaluating Electrocardiography-Based Identification of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Responders Beyond Current Left Bundle Branch Block Definitions. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020 Feb;6(2):193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.10.009. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
PubMed 32081223Sanna GD, Merlo M, Moccia E, Fabris E, Masia SL, Finocchiaro G, Parodi G, Sinagra G. Left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy: a diagnostic proposal for a poorly explored pathological entity. Int J Cardiol. 2020 Jan 15;299:199-205. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.008. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
PubMed 31186131Strauss DG, Selvester RH. The QRS complex--a biomarker that "images" the heart: QRS scores to quantify myocardial scar in the presence of normal and abnormal ventricular conduction. J Electrocardiol. 2009 Jan-Feb;42(1):85-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2008.07.011. Epub 2008 Sep 13. No abstract available.
PubMed 18790501
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 May 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clinical, Structural and Mechanical Features in Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block: an Observational and Prospective Study.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04328649
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PoliclinicoCasilino
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 250 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Policlinico Casilino ASL RMBUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 May 2020 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Apr 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Apr 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 31 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Clinical, structural and mechanical features in patients with left bundle branch block.
Detailed description
Left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is an electrocardiographic marker often associated with underlying cardiac disease (such as coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, etc) but in some cases it is also found in patients with isolated LBBB defined as "none apparent structural heart disease".
Several investigations in animal and human study have showed a different electroanatomical activation in isolated LBBB when compared to LBBB in heart failure patients mostly due to coronary artery disease. The sequence of endocardial activation through the left ventricle has also proven to be heterogeneous in heart failure occuring at different septal regions. This electrical and mechanical variability seems to be related to location of LBBB block or lesion that could be proximal, distal or diffuse, consequently influencing also electrocardiographic aspects.
These considerations explain and justify the great variability in the proposed "true or typical LBBB" definitions (derived from from Strauss, Perrin and Marican definitions and from Heart Association/American College Cardiology Foundation/ European Society of Cardiology guidelines) but also shift attention to relatively new concept of atypical LBBB definitions with extreme left or right axis deviation and of non specific intraventricular conduction delay defined as a wide QRS (≥110 ms) without the appearance of left and right bundle-branch block. In fact, several investigations have shown that QRS axis deviation is a predictor of unfavorable outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy and LBBB. The less favorable outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates with LBBB and left axis deviation seems to be associated to the presence of a shorter activation delay, scar tissue and left ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, actual LBBB definitions recommended by guidelines in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients differ significantly and only individual ECG criteria (such as electrocardiographic intervals QS or RS in lead V1, notch and no q wave in lead V5, V6, I and avL) seems to be associated to clinical outcome when compared with combining criteria.
Finally, a frequent dyssynchrony of ventricular activation due to LBBB may be responsible for a dyssynchrony-related cardiomyopathy that needs to be identified early and differentiated from other forms of dilated cardiomyopathy through a multiparametric approach such as genetic, clinical data, electrocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. In fact, in isolated LBBB undergone cardiac magnetic resonance it was observed a greater left ventricular volumes and lower global left ventricular Ejection Fraction despite the absence of cardiovascular disease as compared with control subject. Despite this, comparison between isolated LBBB and structural heart disease shows a different myocardial mechanism all the more unfavourable the more significant is the presence of underlying myocardial scarring. In the other hand, isolated LBBB, dyssynchrony-related cardiomyopathy and myocardial scarring could present different temporal phase in the clinical history of the same patient and that must be early identified.
The aim of this present large-scale prospective observational study is to evaluate 1) clinical, electrocardiographic and imaging features in a population of patients with typical and atypical LBBB and " non specific intraventricular conduction delay" pattern during a long-term follow up and 2) association among eventual different LBBB patterns (typical, atypical (LBBB and extreme left and/or right axis deviation, fragmentation) and " non specific intraventricular conduction delay " pattern and tissue characterization, mechanical myocardial activation and perfusion. 3) a possible time-related evolution from "non specific intraventricular conduction delay" patterns to typical or atypical LBBB.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 5 Years
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- In this prospective observational study we consider to enroll patients with LBBB admitted to our Cardiology Department and Ambulatory Care Unit recording different ECG patterns, risk factors, genetic, underlying heart disease, imaging parameters (Echocardiographic and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance) and treatment (either pharmacological or interventional).
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Every patient with electrocardiographic diagnosis of LBBB admitted to our Cardiology Department and Ambulatory Care Unit
- ECG standard criteria from typical, atypical and NIVCD
- Patients who have given their informed consent in writing.
- Age ≥ 18 years
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Age <18 years
- Patients who have not given their informed consent in writing.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Rate of ECG pattern distribution in LBBB patients
Time frame: 5 years
Rate of underlying structural heart diseases in different LBBB pattern
Time frame: 5 years
Number of participants with stress induced myocardial ischemia during Stress Magnetic resonance
Time frame: 5 years
number or participants with late gadolinium enhancement during cardiac magnetic resonance
Time frame: 5 years
number and of participants with isolated LBBB evolving to dyssynchrony-related cardiomyopathy
Time frame: 5 years
Number of participants with mechanical dyssynchrony evaluated with Echocardiography
Time frame: 5 years
Strain, Strain Rate, intraventricular timing Delay between left ventricular lateral and Septal wall
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 May 2020.
- Background: PubMed 30231875Akhtari S, Chuang ML, Salton CJ, Berg S, Kissinger KV, Goddu B, O'Donnell CJ, Manning WJ. Effect of isolated left bundle-branch block on biventricular volumes and ejection fraction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2018 Sep 20;20(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12968-018-0457-8.
- Background: PubMed 22311563Strik M, Regoli F, Auricchio A, Prinzen F. Electrical and mechanical ventricular activation during left bundle branch block and resynchronization. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012 Apr;5(2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s12265-012-9351-1. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
- Background: PubMed 19281930Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Gorgels A, Hancock EW, Josephson M, Kligfield P, Kors JA, Macfarlane P, Mason JW, Mirvis DM, Okin P, Pahlm O, Rautaharju PM, van Herpen G, Wagner GS, Wellens H; American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; American College of Cardiology Foundation; Heart Rhythm Society. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Mar 17;53(11):976-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.013. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23801827European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, Cleland J, Deharo JC, Delgado V, Elliott PM, Gorenek B, Israel CW, Leclercq C, Linde C, Mont L, Padeletti L, Sutton R, Vardas PE. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2013 Aug;15(8):1070-118. doi: 10.1093/europace/eut206. Epub 2013 Jun 24. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 21376930Strauss DG, Selvester RH, Wagner GS. Defining left bundle branch block in the era of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 15;107(6):927-34. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.11.010.
- Background: PubMed 20132380Padanilam BJ, Morris KE, Olson JA, Rippy JS, Walsh MN, Subramanian N, Vidal A, Prystowsky EN, Steinberg LA. The surface electrocardiogram predicts risk of heart block during right heart catheterization in patients with preexisting left bundle branch block: implications for the definition of complete left bundle branch block. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010 Jul;21(7):781-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01714.x. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
- Background: PubMed 30799545Kisiel R, Fijorek K, Moskal P, Kukla P, Pavlinec C, Stec J, Czarnecka D, Jastrzebski M. True left bundle branch block and long-term mortality in cardiac resynchronisation therapy patients. Kardiol Pol. 2019;77(3):371-379. doi: 10.5603/KP.a2019.0032. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
- Background: PubMed 25614250Eschalier R, Ploux S, Ritter P, Haissaguerre M, Ellenbogen KA, Bordachar P. Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay: Definitions, prognosis, and implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2015 May;12(5):1071-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.01.023. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
- Background: PubMed 31003852Storkas HS, Hansen TF, Tahri JB, Lauridsen TK, Olsen FJ, Borgquist R, Vinther M, Lindhardt TB, Bruun NE, Sogaard P, Risum N. Left axis deviation in patients with left bundle branch block is a marker of myocardial disease associated with poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Electrocardiol. 2020 Nov-Dec;63:147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 Apr 5.
- Background: PubMed 32081223van Stipdonk AMW, Hoogland R, Ter Horst I, Kloosterman M, Vanbelle S, Crijns HJGM, Prinzen FW, Meine M, Maass AH, Vernooy K. Evaluating Electrocardiography-Based Identification of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Responders Beyond Current Left Bundle Branch Block Definitions. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020 Feb;6(2):193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.10.009. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
- Background: PubMed 31186131Sanna GD, Merlo M, Moccia E, Fabris E, Masia SL, Finocchiaro G, Parodi G, Sinagra G. Left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy: a diagnostic proposal for a poorly explored pathological entity. Int J Cardiol. 2020 Jan 15;299:199-205. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.008. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
- Background: PubMed 18790501Strauss DG, Selvester RH. The QRS complex--a biomarker that "images" the heart: QRS scores to quantify myocardial scar in the presence of normal and abnormal ventricular conduction. J Electrocardiol. 2009 Jan-Feb;42(1):85-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2008.07.011. Epub 2008 Sep 13. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Leonardo Calò, Professor contact
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Left Bundle-Branch Block and Electrocardiographic Pattens, run by Policlinico Casilino ASL RMB.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 May 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Leonardo Calò, Professor (0623188406, leonardo.calo@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Rate of ECG pattern distribution in LBBB patients (time frame: 5 years). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04328649, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 May 2020.