Parkinson DiseaseNCT04354298
Improvisational Dance for Parkinson Disease
A study testing Improvisational Dance Class in people with Parkinson Disease, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The long-term goal of this work is to maintain or improve daily function of people with PD by addressing cognition. The overall objective is to discover interventions that aid in cognitive functioning. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Parkinson Disease
- What is being tested?
- Improvisational Dance Class
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 3 Sep 2019to 31 May 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- aged 50 years or older
- Parkinson Disease Diagnosis
- Hoehn-Yahr score between 1-3
- independently walk at least 3 meters
- cognitive ability to follow simple commands
Who cannot join
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment score less than or equal to 22
- diagnosis of other severe comorbidities
- contraindications to physical activity
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Improvisational Dance on Cognition and Daily Function Among People With Parkinson Disease
The long-term goal of this work is to maintain or improve daily function of people with PD by addressing cognition. The overall objective is to discover interventions that aid in cognitive functioning. The central hypothesis is that engagement in an improvisational dance (ID) class will benefit cognition among people with PD. Improvisational dance involves spontaneously generated movement, similar to how one moves in everyday life. The literature shows that ID classes positively impact motor impairments associated with PD, such as balance, gait, and functional mobility. Along with being physically demanding, ID requires the use and coordination of a number of cognitive capacities to properly execute movements. This type of activity challenges, and thus may strengthen, cognitive processes such as motor planning, decision making, flexible thinking, initiation, and execution, which may give people cognitive based strategies to be utilized in various aspects of daily life. By improving motor function and/or cognition, ID may also contribute to improved daily functioning, or the ability to perform and participate in daily activities. Despite these theoretical links, evidence for the effect of ID on cognition and overall daily function is limited. The current project objective is to address this gap and better understand the effects of ID for people with PD. Specifically, it will test the effect of IMPROVment®, a method of ID designed for people with PD, on cognition and daily function.
Participants' cognition will be assessed at baseline (T1) using the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery, the Alternate Uses Task, and the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity. Global cognition will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. They then will be randomly assigned to either the immediate intervention (ID) or waitlist-control (WC) group. The ID group will start the 12-week IMPROVment® intervention, which consists of weekly ID classes that progress according to a standardized method while the WC group will receive no intervention and continue with their regular daily routine and activity level. After 12 weeks, both groups will complete cognitive testing again (T2). Cognitive test scores will be compared across time points and between groups using a mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. The investigators hypothesize that IMPROVment® will have positive effects on the cognitive abilities of people with PD. Participants will also complete two questionnaires to assess daily function at T1 and T2: Older Americans Resources and Services Scale- Extended Version and PROMIS Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities. These scores will be compared similar to the above aim. The investigators hypothesize that IMPROVment® will have positive effects on daily function in people with PD.
Read more
Participant mood will be assessed in two different ways. The first being to investigate the immediate effect of participating in an IMPROVment® class on mood, fatigue, and anxiety. The investigators hypothesize that mood will positively improve from pre to post of each class. To assess this, participants will respond to a scale assessing mood, specifically sadness, nervousness, energy, and overall well-being before and after each class every week. The second measurement is to investigate the effect of IMPROVment® on anxiety, fatigue, and depression. The investigators hypothesize that IMPROVment® class will decrease feelings of depression for those with PD. All participants will fill out the Parkinson's Anxiety Scale, the Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale short form before and after participating in the 12-week IMPROVment® program.
Achievement of these aims will provide further support for the IMPROVment® method for people with PD experiencing cognitive deficits. The long-term impact will better cognition and daily functioning in people with PD, and thus enhanced everyday lives.
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease
- Being tested
- Improvisational Dance Class
- Keywords
- dance, cognition, daily function
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Improvisational Dance ClassBehavioural
Hour long movement classes that meet weekly for 12 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Fall 2019 ID Class | Experimental | The ID group participated in a 12-week IMPROVment® intervention, which consists of weekly ID classes that progress according to a standardized method, from September 2019-December 2019. Receives: Behavioral: Improvisational Dance Class |
| Fall 2020 ID Class | Experimental | The ID group will participate in a 12-week IMPROVment® intervention, which consists of weekly ID classes that progress according to a standardized method, from September 2020-December 2020. Receives: Behavioral: Improvisational Dance Class |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants are pre- and post-tested 12-14 weeks apart after not having changed anything drastic in their daily life. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Cognition (National Institute of Health Toolbox: Cognitive Battery)
A comprehensive, performance-based test comprised of motor, emotion, sensation, and cognition assessments. For the purpose of this study, the investigators will be using the cognitive battery to assess processes involved in learning and comprehension (i.e. thinking, remembering, problem-solving, judging). The battery consists of tasks involving the use of executive function, memory, attention, and language.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Cognition (Alternate Uses Task)
A verbal test of divergent thinking where the participant is given the name of an object and must name as many uses of that object as possible in a 3-minute time period. This assessment measures verbal fluency, originality, flexibility, and elaboration.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Functional Cognition (Weekly Calendar Planning Activity)
A performance-based measure that assesses an individual's level of executive function. The task involves entering a list of errands into a calendar while following rules, keeping track of time, and managing conflicts.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Daily Performance (Older American Resources and Services Scale)
A self-report questionnaire-based assessment that assesses perceived performance in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living by reporting the level of difficulty that they experience while completing the specific activity. Areas assessed include activities of daily living (walking, eating, dressing, grooming, getting in and out of bed, bathing, and toileting) and instrumental activities of daily living (using a telephone, traveling, shopping, preparing meals, housework, managing medication, and handling money). Higher scores are associated with increased daily performance.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Daily Participation (PROMIS Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities)
A self-report questionnaire-based assessment that assesses satisfaction in ability to participate in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily in the past 7 days. Higher scores are associated with increased daily participation.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Anxiety (Parkinson's Anxiety Scale)
A self-report measure of anxiety specifically for people with PD. It includes three subscales: persistent anxiety, episodic anxiety, and avoidance behavior, and scores for each section can be determined by summing the items in each subscale. The total score is a summation of the subscales, and higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Level of Fatigue (Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale)
A self-report measure assessing the presence of fatigue in people with PD. It focuses on the physical aspects of fatigue and their effect on activities and daily function. Item scores are averaged, with a score of >2.95 indicating presence of fatigue.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Depressive Symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale)
A self-report questionnaire assessing depression in older adults. Item scores are summed to yield a total score, and a score 5 ≥ warranting a follow up interview and a score greater than 10 almost always indicating depression.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Change in Overall Mood After Each Class (Visual Analog Scales)
This consisted of four sliding scales (very sad to very happy; very calm to very nervous; very lively to very sluggish; overall well being: very poor to very well) on a 100mm line. A higher score on the very sad to very happy and overall well being scales indicated greater happiness and better overall well being while a lower score on the very calm to very nervous and lively to sluggish scale indicate more calmness and liveliness.
Measured: Before and After each ID Class taken for 12-weeks.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in Motor Symptoms (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale: Motor Battery)
A scale that is used to rate the severity of PD symptoms, and the motor scale focuses on the motor-related symptoms. Higher scores are associated with increased presence of motor symptoms.
Measured: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Apr 2020
- Study start3 Sep 2019
- Primary completion31 May 2021
- Study completion31 May 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Parkinson DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Washington University School of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of Medicine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Lee Silverman Voice Training Global
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04354298
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 201905089
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Apr 2020
- Last updated
- 15 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Participants consented to their data being shared with other researchers. Future students may use this data to draw further conclusions.
Publications
Batson G, Hugenschmidt CE, Soriano CT. Verbal Auditory Cueing of Improvisational Dance: A Proposed Method for Training Agency in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol. 2016 Feb 17;7:15. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00015. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 26925029Hashimoto H, Takabatake S, Miyaguchi H, Nakanishi H, Naitou Y. Effects of dance on motor functions, cognitive functions, and mental symptoms of Parkinson's disease: a quasi-randomized pilot trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015 Apr;23(2):210-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.01.010. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
PubMed 25847558McNeely ME, Duncan RP, Earhart GM. Impacts of dance on non-motor symptoms, participation, and quality of life in Parkinson disease and healthy older adults. Maturitas. 2015 Dec;82(4):336-41. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
PubMed 26318265Soriano, C. T., & Batson, G. (2011). Dance-making for adults with Parkinson disease: one teacher's process of constructing a modern dance class. Research in Dance Education, 12(3), 323-337. doi: 10.1080/14647893.2011.614334
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Improvisational Dance on Cognition and Daily Function Among People With Parkinson Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04354298
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 201905089
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease
- Keywords
- dance, cognition, daily function
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Lee Silverman Voice Training Global
- Study start
- 3 Sep 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 May 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 May 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Apr 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The long-term goal of this work is to maintain or improve daily function of people with PD by addressing cognition. The overall objective is to discover interventions that aid in cognitive functioning. The central hypothesis is that engagement in an improvisational dance (ID) class will benefit cognition among people with PD. Improvisational dance involves spontaneously generated movement, similar to how one moves in everyday life. The literature shows that ID classes positively impact motor impairments associated with PD, such as balance, gait, and functional mobility. Along with being physically demanding, ID requires the use and coordination of a number of cognitive capacities to properly execute movements. This type of activity challenges, and thus may strengthen, cognitive processes such as motor planning, decision making, flexible thinking, initiation, and execution, which may give people cognitive based strategies to be utilized in various aspects of daily life. By improving motor function and/or cognition, ID may also contribute to improved daily functioning, or the ability to perform and participate in daily activities. Despite these theoretical links, evidence for the effect of ID on cognition and overall daily function is limited. The current project objective is to address this gap and better understand the effects of ID for people with PD. Specifically, it will test the effect of IMPROVment®, a method of ID designed for people with PD, on cognition and daily function.
Participants' cognition will be assessed at baseline (T1) using the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery, the Alternate Uses Task, and the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity. Global cognition will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. They then will be randomly assigned to either the immediate intervention (ID) or waitlist-control (WC) group. The ID group will start the 12-week IMPROVment® intervention, which consists of weekly ID classes that progress according to a standardized method while the WC group will receive no intervention and continue with their regular daily routine and activity level. After 12 weeks, both groups will complete cognitive testing again (T2). Cognitive test scores will be compared across time points and between groups using a mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. The investigators hypothesize that IMPROVment® will have positive effects on the cognitive abilities of people with PD. Participants will also complete two questionnaires to assess daily function at T1 and T2: Older Americans Resources and Services Scale- Extended Version and PROMIS Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities. These scores will be compared similar to the above aim. The investigators hypothesize that IMPROVment® will have positive effects on daily function in people with PD.
Participant mood will be assessed in two different ways. The first being to investigate the immediate effect of participating in an IMPROVment® class on mood, fatigue, and anxiety. The investigators hypothesize that mood will positively improve from pre to post of each class. To assess this, participants will respond to a scale assessing mood, specifically sadness, nervousness, energy, and overall well-being before and after each class every week. The second measurement is to investigate the effect of IMPROVment® on anxiety, fatigue, and depression. The investigators hypothesize that IMPROVment® class will decrease feelings of depression for those with PD. All participants will fill out the Parkinson's Anxiety Scale, the Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale short form before and after participating in the 12-week IMPROVment® program.
Achievement of these aims will provide further support for the IMPROVment® method for people with PD experiencing cognitive deficits. The long-term impact will better cognition and daily functioning in people with PD, and thus enhanced everyday lives.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Fall 2019 ID Class | Experimental | Behavioral: Improvisational Dance ClassThe ID group participated in a 12-week IMPROVment® intervention, which consists of weekly ID classes that progress according to a standardized method, from September 2019-December 2019. |
| Fall 2020 ID Class | Experimental | Behavioral: Improvisational Dance ClassThe ID group will participate in a 12-week IMPROVment® intervention, which consists of weekly ID classes that progress according to a standardized method, from September 2020-December 2020. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants are pre- and post-tested 12-14 weeks apart after not having changed anything drastic in their daily life. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- aged 50 years or older
- Parkinson Disease Diagnosis
- Hoehn-Yahr score between 1-3
- independently walk at least 3 meters
- cognitive ability to follow simple commands
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment score less than or equal to 22
- diagnosis of other severe comorbidities
- contraindications to physical activity
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Improvisational Dance ClassHour long movement classes that meet weekly for 12 weeks. | Behavioural | Fall 2019 ID Class, Fall 2020 ID Class |
Primary outcome
Change in Cognition (National Institute of Health Toolbox: Cognitive Battery)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A comprehensive, performance-based test comprised of motor, emotion, sensation, and cognition assessments. For the purpose of this study, the investigators will be using the cognitive battery to assess processes involved in learning and comprehension (i.e. thinking, remembering, problem-solving, judging). The battery consists of tasks involving the use of executive function, memory, attention, and language.
Change in Cognition (Alternate Uses Task)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A verbal test of divergent thinking where the participant is given the name of an object and must name as many uses of that object as possible in a 3-minute time period. This assessment measures verbal fluency, originality, flexibility, and elaboration.
Change in Functional Cognition (Weekly Calendar Planning Activity)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A performance-based measure that assesses an individual's level of executive function. The task involves entering a list of errands into a calendar while following rules, keeping track of time, and managing conflicts.
Change in Daily Performance (Older American Resources and Services Scale)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A self-report questionnaire-based assessment that assesses perceived performance in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living by reporting the level of difficulty that they experience while completing the specific activity. Areas assessed include activities of daily living (walking, eating, dressing, grooming, getting in and out of bed, bathing, and toileting) and instrumental activities of daily living (using a telephone, traveling, shopping, preparing meals, housework, managing medication, and handling money). Higher scores are associated with increased daily performance.
Change in Daily Participation (PROMIS Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A self-report questionnaire-based assessment that assesses satisfaction in ability to participate in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily in the past 7 days. Higher scores are associated with increased daily participation.
Change in Anxiety (Parkinson's Anxiety Scale)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A self-report measure of anxiety specifically for people with PD. It includes three subscales: persistent anxiety, episodic anxiety, and avoidance behavior, and scores for each section can be determined by summing the items in each subscale. The total score is a summation of the subscales, and higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
Change in Level of Fatigue (Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A self-report measure assessing the presence of fatigue in people with PD. It focuses on the physical aspects of fatigue and their effect on activities and daily function. Item scores are averaged, with a score of >2.95 indicating presence of fatigue.
Change in Depressive Symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
A self-report questionnaire assessing depression in older adults. Item scores are summed to yield a total score, and a score 5 ≥ warranting a follow up interview and a score greater than 10 almost always indicating depression.
Change in Overall Mood After Each Class (Visual Analog Scales)
Time frame: Before and After each ID Class taken for 12-weeks.
This consisted of four sliding scales (very sad to very happy; very calm to very nervous; very lively to very sluggish; overall well being: very poor to very well) on a 100mm line. A higher score on the very sad to very happy and overall well being scales indicated greater happiness and better overall well being while a lower score on the very calm to very nervous and lively to sluggish scale indicate more calmness and liveliness.
1 secondary outcome
Change in Motor Symptoms (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale: Motor Battery)
Time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 26925029Batson G, Hugenschmidt CE, Soriano CT. Verbal Auditory Cueing of Improvisational Dance: A Proposed Method for Training Agency in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol. 2016 Feb 17;7:15. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00015. eCollection 2016.
- Background: PubMed 25847558Hashimoto H, Takabatake S, Miyaguchi H, Nakanishi H, Naitou Y. Effects of dance on motor functions, cognitive functions, and mental symptoms of Parkinson's disease: a quasi-randomized pilot trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015 Apr;23(2):210-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.01.010. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
- Background: PubMed 26318265McNeely ME, Duncan RP, Earhart GM. Impacts of dance on non-motor symptoms, participation, and quality of life in Parkinson disease and healthy older adults. Maturitas. 2015 Dec;82(4):336-41. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
- BackgroundSoriano, C. T., & Batson, G. (2011). Dance-making for adults with Parkinson disease: one teacher's process of constructing a modern dance class. Research in Dance Education, 12(3), 323-337. doi: 10.1080/14647893.2011.614334
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Participants consented to their data being shared with other researchers. Future students may use this data to draw further conclusions.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Improvisational Dance Class in people with Parkinson Disease, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Cognition (National Institute of Health Toolbox: Cognitive Battery) (time frame: Before and After the 12-week intervention). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04354298, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jan 2026.