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AzTrials

BreastfeedingSMARTERNCT04387552

Social Media and Risk Reduction Teaching-Enhanced Reach

A study testing Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging, Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging and Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging in people with Breastfeeding and SUID, run by Boston University at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study aims to improve adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep (SS) recommendations and improve rates of initiation and duration of partial and exclusive breastfeeding (BF) through direct education of mothers using Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies (ex. text messaging). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 14 years and older, women only
Conditions the study is for
Breastfeeding, SUID, SIDS
What is being tested?
Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging, Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging and Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
2,093 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
20 Jan 2022to 7 Jun 2025
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 14 years and older
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Must be client at a WIC center participating in study.
  • Must be pregnant and less than 34 weeks gestation
  • Must speak English or Spanish
  • Must live in the United States
  • Must have texting capabilities via mobile phone
  • Must plan to live in same household as infant after birth.

Who cannot join

  • A prenatal diagnosis expected to have impact on infant care practices not compatible with study goals, including contraindications to breastfeeding or supine infant sleep positioning.
  • Meets the definition of a minor according to applicable state law.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Boston University Medical Campus

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02118

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Improving Care Giver Adherence to Recommended Infant Care Practices

This study aims to improve adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep (SS) recommendations and improve rates of initiation and duration of partial and exclusive breastfeeding (BF) through direct education of mothers using Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies (ex. text messaging).

Read the detailed description

The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of mHealth prenatal and postnatal interventions aimed at promoting safe sleep (SS) practices and breastfeeding (BF) within a population of pregnant Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clients.

The study will randomize 2,000 pregnant women, when they reach 34 weeks gestation, to one of four mHealth prenatal/postnatal messaging combinations of safe sleep and breastfeeding practices.

Conditions
Breastfeeding, SUID, SIDS
Being tested
Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging, Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging, Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging, Postnatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging
Keywords
Breastfeeding (BF), Sleep position, Safe Sleep (SS), Mobile Messaging, Social Media, WIC
Medical subject headings
Breast Feeding, Sudden Infant Death

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) MessagingBehavioural

    Participants will receive prenatal Safe Sleep mHealth messaging starting at 34 weeks gestation until birth of their baby.

  • Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) MessagingBehavioural

    Participants will receive prenatal Breastfeeding mHealth messaging starting at 34 weeks gestation until birth of their baby.

  • Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) MessagingBehavioural

    Upon birth of baby, participants will begin receiving postnatal Safe Sleep mHealth messaging for a two month period.

  • Postnatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) MessagingBehavioural

    Upon birth of baby, participants will begin receiving postnatal Breastfeeding mHealth messaging for a two month period.

Study groups in NCT04387552
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Prenatal SS/Postnatal SSExperimentalPrenatal Safe Sleep/Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health Messages
Receives: Behavioral: Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging; Behavioral: Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging
Prenatal SS/Postnatal BFExperimentalPrenatal Safe Sleep/Postnatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health Messages
Receives: Behavioral: Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging; Behavioral: Postnatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging
Prenatal BF/Postnatal SSExperimentalPrenatal Breastfeeding/Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health Messages
Receives: Behavioral: Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging; Behavioral: Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging
Prenatal BF/Postnatal BFExperimentalPrenatal Breastfeeding/Postnatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health Messages
Receives: Behavioral: Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging; Behavioral: Postnatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Number of Infants Usually Sleeping Supine in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess infant's sleep position during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of supine (back), prone (stomach), side, and other.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

  2. Number of Infants Usually Room Sharing Without Bedsharing in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess the infant's sleep location during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of room sharing without bed sharing, room sharing with bed sharing, no room sharing and no bed sharing.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

  3. Number of Infants With no Soft Bedding Use in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess soft bedding placed in and around the infant (while sleeping) during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of Yes or No.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

  4. Number of Infants With Pacifier Use in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess the infant's pacifier use during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of Yes or No.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

  5. Number of Infants With Any Breastmilk Feeding in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess whether the infant was breast fed during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of exclusively breast fed, partially breast fed, or not breast fed.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

Secondary outcomes (3)
  1. Number of Infants Exclusively Sleeping Supine in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess infant's sleep position during the previous two weeks

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

  2. Number of Infants Exclusively Room Sharing Without Bedsharing in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess the infant's sleep location during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of room sharing without bed sharing, room sharing with bed sharing, no room sharing and no bed sharing.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

  3. Number of Infants With Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding in the Previous Two Weeks

    An investigator-developed maternal survey will be used to assess whether the infant was breast fed during the previous two weeks with categorical responses of exclusively breast fed, partially breast fed, or not breast fed.

    Measured: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted14 May 2020
  2. Study start20 Jan 2022
  3. Primary completion7 Jun 2025
  4. Study completion7 Jun 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Sequential
Model description
The study will utilize a two-stage randomization approach in which pregnant women are randomly assigned to one of the two prenatal interventions (infant sleep practices messaging vs. infant feeding messaging) and then, at the time of birth ascertainment, randomization to one of two postnatal interventions (infant sleep practice messaging vs. infant feeding messaging). This will result in a classic 2 x 2 design where approximately 25% of participants will have been assigned to each of the four possible combinations of interventions (1 - prenatal sleep practices/ postnatal sleep practices; 2 - prenatal sleep practices/postnatal feeding practices; 3 - prenatal feeding practices/postnatal sleep practices; 4 - prenatal feeding practices/postnatal feeding practices).
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
2,093 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04387552
Sponsor's protocol ID
H-39495
Other IDs
R01HD072815-06A1
Acronym
SMARTER
Status last verified
Aug 2026
First submitted
10 May 2020
Last updated
26 Aug 2026
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Moon RY, Colson ER, Hauck FR, Kellams AL, Parker MG, Kerr SM, Geller NL, Boguszewski KE, Bellamy SL, Kiviniemi MT, Corwin MJ. Safe Sleep Video Intervention via Text Messaging to Low-Income Families: The SMARTER Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2026 Jul 23:e269119. doi: 10.1001/jama.2026.9119. Online ahead of print.

    PubMed 42490082

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Prenatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging, Prenatal Breastfeeding Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging and Postnatal Safe Sleep Mobile Health (mHealth) Messaging in people with Breastfeeding and SUID, run by Boston University at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 26 Aug 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Number of Infants Usually Sleeping Supine in the Previous Two Weeks (time frame: Between 2 and 6 months following postnatal randomization, on average 67.7 days). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04387552, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Aug 2026.

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