Surveys and QuestionnairesJSE-HPSNCT04422834
Translation and Validation of the Turkish Version of JSE-HPS
A study testing Questionnaire in people with Surveys and Questionnaires and Empathy, run by Izmir Bakircay University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Empathy, which can be briefly defined as understanding and feeling of one's thoughts upon experiences. It has been gaining importance in health care. A great majority of the literature has been focusing on the aspect of physician and health care provider yet recently establishing or measuring empathy has been… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Surveys and Questionnaires, Empathy
- What is being tested?
- Questionnaire
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 167 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2020to 10 Dec 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being currently studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences
- Able to read, write and understand the Turkish language
- Having no mental medical conditions
- Being a volunteer to participate in this study
Who cannot join
- Inability to read, write and understand Turkish language
- Not volunteer to participate in this study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy For Health Professional Students
Empathy, which can be briefly defined as understanding and feeling of one's thoughts upon experiences. It has been gaining importance in health care. A great majority of the literature has been focusing on the aspect of physician and health care provider yet recently establishing or measuring empathy has been performed with the undergraduate students. Since empathy and its related dimensions are important to integrate a better skill to provide in health care, measuring empathy gained attention. However, there might be lacking some tools which assess empathy directly such as the Empathic Tendency Scale and the Empathic Skill Scale in the Turkish language, yet these were discussed as cannot be quite modifiable to some specific sub-groups such as health sciences students. Thus, this study is aimed to study for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for undergraduate health care students.
Read the detailed description
The research has been aimed at studying translation, validation, a cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS).
Study Setting:
This research was planned as a descriptive study. The research is planning to be performed between May 2020 and October 2020. The students who are currently studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to participate in this study. Since ethical board approval was taken in February 2020 and study was planned to start in March or April 2020. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the research in which test and re-test protocols should be performed by students was re-planned by doing these protocols via internet-based forms. Before the study, all participating students were informed about this study. To achieve their consent in regard to participate in this study, a "tick-box" was placed prior to the questionnaire in which whether they accept that participating in this study voluntarily. The primary target for sample size was set as 300 students.
Measurement and Method:
The descriptive data will be gathered by using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for health professional students (JSE-HPS), the Turkish version of Empathic tendency scale (ETS), and sociodemographic form in which age, gender, and other information will be requested to fill out.
JSE-HPS:
JSE-HPS was originally developed by Jefferson University. It consists of 20 items each scored according to the seven-point Likert type scale in which 1 means "Strongly Disagree" while 7 means "Strongly agree". The minimum and maximum scores range from 20 to 140. Higher scores indicate a better empathic aspect or vice versa.
Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS):
ETS was originally developed in the Turkish language in 1988. Turkish validation and reliability of ETS were also conducted and found to reliable according to the Cronbach's alpha value is 0.82. ETS consists of 20 items each scored according to the five-point Likert type scale in which 1 equals "Completely contradictory" while 5 means "Completely proper". Each item is related to some ideas which are quite common in daily life. 20 and 100 are minimum and maximum scores, respectively. Higher scores indicate a better empathic aspect.
Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation Process:
The permission was granted from the copyright Holder of JSE-HPS in order to study the reliability, validity, and adaptation of the Turkish version of JSE-HPS. The cultural adaptation was performed according to the protocol explained by Beaton et al. Steps and a detailed explanation of this protocol can be found in the literature. Briefly, an expert committee consists of study researchers separately translated the original version of the JSE-HPS into Turkish. The final version of the Turkish translated JSE-HPS was created according to the separately translated ones. This final version was re-translated to English by a native English speaker who is also capable to talk Turkish language. The expert committee eventually made a final version to which can be applicable to the participants.
- Conditions
- Surveys and Questionnaires, Empathy
- Being tested
- Questionnaire
- Keywords
- Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Empathy, Questionnaire
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
QuestionnaireOther
A group of students who studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill the Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Health Professional Students | Experimental | A group of students who studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill the Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis. Receives: Other: Questionnaire |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire
The Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS) will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores for JSE-HPS can be reached to 20 and 140, respectively. The more the higher scores indicate more empathic aspect or vice versa.
Measured: Baseline
Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire
The Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS) will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores for JSE-HPS can be reached to 20 and 140, respectively. The more the higher scores indicate more empathic aspect or vice versa.
Measured: 1 week after baseline
Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) Questionnaire
The Turkish version of Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) Questionnaire will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores can be taken from the tool are 20 and 100, respectively in which higher scores indicate better empathic attitude or vice versa.
Measured: Baseline
Secondary outcomes (1)
Demographic Data Form
Basic Form gathers some information related participants' age, gender etc.
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Jun 2020
- Study start15 Feb 2020
- Primary completion20 Apr 2020
- Study completion10 Dec 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Surveys and QuestionnairesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- A group of students who studying at Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 167 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Bakircay University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alper Tuğral, Izmir Bakircay University
- Investigators
- Elif Günay İsmailoğlu, PhD, Principal investigator, Izmir Bakircay UniversityKadirhan Özdemir, PhD, Principal investigator, Izmir Bakircay University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04422834
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BakircayU07/07022020
- Acronym
- JSE-HPS
- Status last verified
- Dec 2020
- First submitted
- 3 Jun 2020
- Last updated
- 16 Dec 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Anfossi M, Numico G. Empathy in the doctor-patient relationship. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2258-9; author reply 2259-60. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.99.302. No abstract available.
PubMed 15169824Hojat M, Louis DZ, Markham FW, Wender R, Rabinowitz C, Gonnella JS. Physicians' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Acad Med. 2011 Mar;86(3):359-64. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182086fe1.
PubMed 21248604Kim SS, Kaplowitz S, Johnston MV. The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval Health Prof. 2004 Sep;27(3):237-51. doi: 10.1177/0163278704267037.
PubMed 15312283Hogan R. Development of an empathy scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1969 Jun;33(3):307-16. doi: 10.1037/h0027580. No abstract available.
PubMed 4389335Fields SK, Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Mangione S, Kane G, Magee M. Comparisons of nurses and physicians on an operational measure of empathy. Eval Health Prof. 2004 Mar;27(1):80-94. doi: 10.1177/0163278703261206.
PubMed 14994561Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school. J Dent Educ. 2005 Mar;69(3):338-45.
PubMed 15749944Fields SK, Mahan P, Tillman P, Harris J, Maxwell K, Hojat M. Measuring empathy in healthcare profession students using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: health provider--student version. J Interprof Care. 2011 Jul;25(4):287-93. doi: 10.3109/13561820.2011.566648. Epub 2011 May 9.
PubMed 21554061
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Dec 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy For Health Professional Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04422834
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- JSE-HPS / BakircayU07/07022020
- Conditions
- Surveys and Questionnaires, Empathy
- Keywords
- Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Empathy, Questionnaire
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 167 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Bakircay UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Apr 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Dec 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Empathy, which can be briefly defined as understanding and feeling of one's thoughts upon experiences. It has been gaining importance in health care. A great majority of the literature has been focusing on the aspect of physician and health care provider yet recently establishing or measuring empathy has been performed with the undergraduate students. Since empathy and its related dimensions are important to integrate a better skill to provide in health care, measuring empathy gained attention. However, there might be lacking some tools which assess empathy directly such as the Empathic Tendency Scale and the Empathic Skill Scale in the Turkish language, yet these were discussed as cannot be quite modifiable to some specific sub-groups such as health sciences students. Thus, this study is aimed to study for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for undergraduate health care students.
Detailed description
The research has been aimed at studying translation, validation, a cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS).
Study Setting:
This research was planned as a descriptive study. The research is planning to be performed between May 2020 and October 2020. The students who are currently studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to participate in this study. Since ethical board approval was taken in February 2020 and study was planned to start in March or April 2020. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the research in which test and re-test protocols should be performed by students was re-planned by doing these protocols via internet-based forms. Before the study, all participating students were informed about this study. To achieve their consent in regard to participate in this study, a "tick-box" was placed prior to the questionnaire in which whether they accept that participating in this study voluntarily. The primary target for sample size was set as 300 students.
Measurement and Method:
The descriptive data will be gathered by using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for health professional students (JSE-HPS), the Turkish version of Empathic tendency scale (ETS), and sociodemographic form in which age, gender, and other information will be requested to fill out.
JSE-HPS:
JSE-HPS was originally developed by Jefferson University. It consists of 20 items each scored according to the seven-point Likert type scale in which 1 means "Strongly Disagree" while 7 means "Strongly agree". The minimum and maximum scores range from 20 to 140. Higher scores indicate a better empathic aspect or vice versa.
Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS):
ETS was originally developed in the Turkish language in 1988. Turkish validation and reliability of ETS were also conducted and found to reliable according to the Cronbach's alpha value is 0.82. ETS consists of 20 items each scored according to the five-point Likert type scale in which 1 equals "Completely contradictory" while 5 means "Completely proper". Each item is related to some ideas which are quite common in daily life. 20 and 100 are minimum and maximum scores, respectively. Higher scores indicate a better empathic aspect.
Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation Process:
The permission was granted from the copyright Holder of JSE-HPS in order to study the reliability, validity, and adaptation of the Turkish version of JSE-HPS. The cultural adaptation was performed according to the protocol explained by Beaton et al. Steps and a detailed explanation of this protocol can be found in the literature. Briefly, an expert committee consists of study researchers separately translated the original version of the JSE-HPS into Turkish. The final version of the Turkish translated JSE-HPS was created according to the separately translated ones. This final version was re-translated to English by a native English speaker who is also capable to talk Turkish language. The expert committee eventually made a final version to which can be applicable to the participants.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- A group of students who studying at Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Health Professional Students | Experimental | Other: QuestionnaireA group of students who studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill the Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being currently studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences
- Able to read, write and understand the Turkish language
- Having no mental medical conditions
- Being a volunteer to participate in this study
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Inability to read, write and understand Turkish language
- Not volunteer to participate in this study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| QuestionnaireA group of students who studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill the Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis. | Other | Health Professional Students |
Primary outcome
Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline
The Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS) will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores for JSE-HPS can be reached to 20 and 140, respectively. The more the higher scores indicate more empathic aspect or vice versa.
Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire
Time frame: 1 week after baseline
The Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS) will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores for JSE-HPS can be reached to 20 and 140, respectively. The more the higher scores indicate more empathic aspect or vice versa.
Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline
The Turkish version of Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) Questionnaire will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores can be taken from the tool are 20 and 100, respectively in which higher scores indicate better empathic attitude or vice versa.
1 secondary outcome
Demographic Data Form
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Dec 2020.
- Background: PubMed 15169824Anfossi M, Numico G. Empathy in the doctor-patient relationship. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2258-9; author reply 2259-60. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.99.302. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 21248604Hojat M, Louis DZ, Markham FW, Wender R, Rabinowitz C, Gonnella JS. Physicians' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Acad Med. 2011 Mar;86(3):359-64. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182086fe1.
- Background: PubMed 15312283Kim SS, Kaplowitz S, Johnston MV. The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval Health Prof. 2004 Sep;27(3):237-51. doi: 10.1177/0163278704267037.
- Background: PubMed 4389335Hogan R. Development of an empathy scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1969 Jun;33(3):307-16. doi: 10.1037/h0027580. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 14994561Fields SK, Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Mangione S, Kane G, Magee M. Comparisons of nurses and physicians on an operational measure of empathy. Eval Health Prof. 2004 Mar;27(1):80-94. doi: 10.1177/0163278703261206.
- Background: PubMed 15749944Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school. J Dent Educ. 2005 Mar;69(3):338-45.
- Background: PubMed 21554061Fields SK, Mahan P, Tillman P, Harris J, Maxwell K, Hojat M. Measuring empathy in healthcare profession students using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: health provider--student version. J Interprof Care. 2011 Jul;25(4):287-93. doi: 10.3109/13561820.2011.566648. Epub 2011 May 9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Elif Günay İsmailoğlu, PhD principal investigator
Izmir Bakircay University
Kadirhan Özdemir, PhD principal investigator
Izmir Bakircay University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Questionnaire in people with Surveys and Questionnaires and Empathy, run by Izmir Bakircay University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Dec 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04422834, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Dec 2020.