Liver FibrosisNCT04429100
Rapid Breath-hold Quantitative Macromolecular Proton Fraction Imaging for Liver Fibrosis
An observational study of Liver Fibrosis, run by Chinese University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
Trial summary
Chronic liver disease is a major health problem worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key feature in most chronic liver diseases. When identified early, liver fibrosis may be reversible. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Liver biopsy; however, is invasive. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Liver Fibrosis
- What is being tested?
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHong Kong
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2020to 30 Dec 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: The patients referred to hepatology center affiliated to The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) will be enrolled in this study. The research team led by one hepatologist as one of our collaborators will be responsible for patient recruitment.
Who may be able to join
- Patient group
- patients with histology-proven liver fibrosis, including those with liver fibrosis stage F0, early-stage liver fibrosis (F1-2), and late stage.
- liver fibrosis(F3-4).
- patient aged 18 years old and above.
- Healthy control group
- controls aged 18 years old and above.
Who cannot join
- Contraindications to MRI, such as cardiac pacemaker, claustrophobia, pregnancy, metallic implants not suitable for MRI scan.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Hong Kong1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wale Hospital
Hong Kong, Shatin
Weitian Chen, PhD, 35051036, wtchen@cuhk.edu.hk
About this study
Official title: Assessment of Fibrosis by Non-invasive Quantitative Imaging of Collagen in the Liver Using Breath-hold MRI With Comparison With MR Elastography and Liver Biopsy
Chronic liver disease is a major health problem worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key feature in most chronic liver diseases. When identified early, liver fibrosis may be reversible. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Liver biopsy; however, is invasive. Non-invasive diagnostic tools are increasingly used in clinical practice. However, the existing noninvasive methods still have significant limitations to detect early-stage liver fibrosis.
Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen-rich connective tissues in the liver. The macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) is an MRI parameter which characterizes the magnetization transfer (MT) effect in tissues. Quantitative MPF imaging is non-invasive and can be used to measure collagen deposition in the liver due to the strong MT effect of collagen. It has been reported MPF quantification can be used for diagnosis of early-stage liver fibrosis. However, the existing approaches require B1, B0, and T1 map in addition to the imaging data for MPF quantification, which makes it challenging to adopt them for routine clinical use.
Read more
The investigators propose a fast and robust MPF quantification approach. In contrast to the existing methods which rely on saturation radiofrequency pulses for MPF quantification, our approach is based on spin-lock radiofrequency pulses which have minimum Rabi oscillations. The whole imaging data can be acquired within a breath-hold less than 8 seconds. Our approach only needs a B1 map in addition to the imaging data for MPF quantification. The preliminary clinical studies on 3.0T MRI show the measurement using our approach is specific to collagen content and can be used to detect early-stage liver fibrosis. To further confirm the clinical value of the proposed approach, the investigators will investigate the relationship of the collagen content measured using the proposed non-invasive imaging approach and those measured based on morphometry analysis of histology, and determine the diagnostic value of the proposed method for detection of early stage liver fibrosis in a large cohort. The investigators will also perform comparative studies of the proposed method and the state-of-the-art quantitative MPF imaging technique.
This project will provide a diagnostic technology for early detection of liver fibrosis. The proposed MRI technology also has potential to be used for other clinical purposes.
- Conditions
- Liver Fibrosis
- Being tested
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Keywords
- magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative imaging, spin-lock
- Medical subject headings
- Liver Cirrhosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Magnetic Resonance ImagingDiagnostic test
One novel MRI sequence, i.e. the quantitative imaging of macromolecular proton fraction (MPF), will be introduced into this study. MPF is defined as the relative amount of protons associated with macromolecules involved in magnetization exchange with free water protons. This parameter is independent of the pool model used for quantification and the pulse sequences used for data acquisition. Recent studies have found a strong association between MPF and collagen content in the fibrotic liver, indicating MPF is a potential biomarker of early-stage liver fibrosis.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| liver fibrosis stage F0 | Not described Receives: Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging | |
| early-stage liver fibrosis (F1-2) | Not described Receives: Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging | |
| late-stage liver fibrosis (F3-4) | Not described Receives: Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
diagnostic accuracy
diagnostic accuracy of quantitative macromolecular proton fraction imaging based on spin-lock (MPF-SL) for detecting early-stage liver fibrosis.
Measured: 3 years
Secondary outcomes (1)
correlation coefficient
correlations between the MPF quantification and the morphometric scores
Measured: 3 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Jun 2020
- Study start1 Mar 2020
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (24)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Liver FibrosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Chinese University of Hong KongThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Chen Weitian, Chinese University of Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04429100
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019.660
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Jun 2020
- Last updated
- 19 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph JM, Yon S, Fournier C, Mal F, Christidis C, Ziol M, Poulet B, Kazemi F, Beaugrand M, Palau R. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003 Dec;29(12):1705-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001.
PubMed 14698338Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, Grimm RC, Rossman PJ, Fidler JL, Ehman RL. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Oct;5(10):1207-1213.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.012.
PubMed 17916548Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, Salameh N, Annet L, Danse E, Peeters F, ter Beek LC, Rahier J, Sinkus R, Horsmans Y, Van Beers BE. Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Jul;135(1):32-40. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.076. Epub 2008 Apr 4.
PubMed 18471441Heye T, Yang SR, Bock M, Brost S, Weigand K, Longerich T, Kauczor HU, Hosch W. MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis. Eur Radiol. 2012 Jun;22(6):1224-32. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2378-5. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
PubMed 22302503Banerjee R, Pavlides M, Tunnicliffe EM, Piechnik SK, Sarania N, Philips R, Collier JD, Booth JC, Schneider JE, Wang LM, Delaney DW, Fleming KA, Robson MD, Barnes E, Neubauer S. Multiparametric magnetic resonance for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver disease. J Hepatol. 2014 Jan;60(1):69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
PubMed 24036007Faria SC, Ganesan K, Mwangi I, Shiehmorteza M, Viamonte B, Mazhar S, Peterson M, Kono Y, Santillan C, Casola G, Sirlin CB. MR imaging of liver fibrosis: current state of the art. Radiographics. 2009 Oct;29(6):1615-35. doi: 10.1148/rg.296095512.
PubMed 19959511Tan CH, Venkatesh SK. Magnetic Resonance Elastography and Other Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Chronic Liver Disease: Current Status and Future Directions. Gut Liver. 2016 Sep 15;10(5):672-86. doi: 10.5009/gnl15492.
PubMed 27563019Imajo K, Kessoku T, Honda Y, Tomeno W, Ogawa Y, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Yoneda M, Taguri M, Hyogo H, Sumida Y, Ono M, Eguchi Y, Inoue T, Yamanaka T, Wada K, Saito S, Nakajima A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging More Accurately Classifies Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Than Transient Elastography. Gastroenterology. 2016 Mar;150(3):626-637.e7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.048. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
PubMed 26677985Park CC, Nguyen P, Hernandez C, Bettencourt R, Ramirez K, Fortney L, Hooker J, Sy E, Savides MT, Alquiraish MH, Valasek MA, Rizo E, Richards L, Brenner D, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. Magnetic Resonance Elastography vs Transient Elastography in Detection of Fibrosis and Noninvasive Measurement of Steatosis in Patients With Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2017 Feb;152(3):598-607.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.026. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
PubMed 27911262Castera L, Foucher J, Bernard PH, Carvalho F, Allaix D, Merrouche W, Couzigou P, de Ledinghen V. Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13,369 examinations. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):828-35. doi: 10.1002/hep.23425.
PubMed 20063276Arena U, Vizzutti F, Corti G, Ambu S, Stasi C, Bresci S, Moscarella S, Boddi V, Petrarca A, Laffi G, Marra F, Pinzani M. Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography. Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):380-4. doi: 10.1002/hep.22007.
PubMed 18095306Stikov N, Keenan KE, Pauly JM, Smith RL, Dougherty RF, Gold GE. Cross-relaxation imaging of human articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2011 Sep;66(3):725-34. doi: 10.1002/mrm.22865. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
PubMed 21416504Sritanyaratana N, Samsonov A, Mossahebi P, Wilson JJ, Block WF, Kijowski R. Cross-relaxation imaging of human patellar cartilage in vivo at 3.0T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Oct;22(10):1568-76. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.06.004.
PubMed 25278066Yarnykh VL, Tartaglione EV, Ioannou GN. Fast macromolecular proton fraction mapping of the human liver in vivo for quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis. NMR Biomed. 2015 Dec;28(12):1716-25. doi: 10.1002/nbm.3437. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
PubMed 26503401Sled JG, Pike GB. Quantitative imaging of magnetization transfer exchange and relaxation properties in vivo using MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2001 Nov;46(5):923-31. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1278.
PubMed 11675644
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Assessment of Fibrosis by Non-invasive Quantitative Imaging of Collagen in the Liver Using Breath-hold MRI With Comparison With MR Elastography and Liver Biopsy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04429100
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2019.660
- Conditions
- Liver Fibrosis
- Keywords
- magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative imaging, spin-lock
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Chinese University of Hong KongUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Chronic liver disease is a major health problem worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key feature in most chronic liver diseases. When identified early, liver fibrosis may be reversible. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Liver biopsy; however, is invasive. Non-invasive diagnostic tools are increasingly used in clinical practice. However, the existing noninvasive methods still have significant limitations to detect early-stage liver fibrosis.
Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen-rich connective tissues in the liver. The macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) is an MRI parameter which characterizes the magnetization transfer (MT) effect in tissues. Quantitative MPF imaging is non-invasive and can be used to measure collagen deposition in the liver due to the strong MT effect of collagen. It has been reported MPF quantification can be used for diagnosis of early-stage liver fibrosis. However, the existing approaches require B1, B0, and T1 map in addition to the imaging data for MPF quantification, which makes it challenging to adopt them for routine clinical use.
The investigators propose a fast and robust MPF quantification approach. In contrast to the existing methods which rely on saturation radiofrequency pulses for MPF quantification, our approach is based on spin-lock radiofrequency pulses which have minimum Rabi oscillations. The whole imaging data can be acquired within a breath-hold less than 8 seconds. Our approach only needs a B1 map in addition to the imaging data for MPF quantification. The preliminary clinical studies on 3.0T MRI show the measurement using our approach is specific to collagen content and can be used to detect early-stage liver fibrosis. To further confirm the clinical value of the proposed approach, the investigators will investigate the relationship of the collagen content measured using the proposed non-invasive imaging approach and those measured based on morphometry analysis of histology, and determine the diagnostic value of the proposed method for detection of early stage liver fibrosis in a large cohort. The investigators will also perform comparative studies of the proposed method and the state-of-the-art quantitative MPF imaging technique.
This project will provide a diagnostic technology for early detection of liver fibrosis. The proposed MRI technology also has potential to be used for other clinical purposes.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| liver fibrosis stage F0 | – | Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| early-stage liver fibrosis (F1-2) | – | Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| late-stage liver fibrosis (F3-4) | – | Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The patients referred to hepatology center affiliated to The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) will be enrolled in this study. The research team led by one hepatologist as one of our collaborators will be responsible for patient recruitment.
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patient group
- liver fibrosis(F3-4).
- Healthy control group
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Contraindications to MRI, such as cardiac pacemaker, claustrophobia, pregnancy, metallic implants not suitable for MRI scan.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Magnetic Resonance ImagingOne novel MRI sequence, i.e. the quantitative imaging of macromolecular proton fraction (MPF), will be introduced into this study. MPF is defined as the relative amount of protons associated with macromolecules involved in magnetization exchange with free water protons. This parameter is independent of the pool model used for quantification and the pulse sequences used for data acquisition. Recent studies have found a strong association between MPF and collagen content in the fibrotic liver, indicating MPF is a potential biomarker of early-stage liver fibrosis. | Diagnostic test | early-stage liver fibrosis (F1-2), late-stage liver fibrosis (F3-4), liver fibrosis stage F0 |
Primary outcome
diagnostic accuracy
Time frame: 3 years
diagnostic accuracy of quantitative macromolecular proton fraction imaging based on spin-lock (MPF-SL) for detecting early-stage liver fibrosis.
1 secondary outcome
correlation coefficient
Time frame: 3 years
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 14698338Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph JM, Yon S, Fournier C, Mal F, Christidis C, Ziol M, Poulet B, Kazemi F, Beaugrand M, Palau R. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003 Dec;29(12):1705-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001.
- Background: PubMed 17916548Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, Grimm RC, Rossman PJ, Fidler JL, Ehman RL. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Oct;5(10):1207-1213.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.012.
- Background: PubMed 18471441Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, Salameh N, Annet L, Danse E, Peeters F, ter Beek LC, Rahier J, Sinkus R, Horsmans Y, Van Beers BE. Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Jul;135(1):32-40. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.076. Epub 2008 Apr 4.
- Background: PubMed 22302503Heye T, Yang SR, Bock M, Brost S, Weigand K, Longerich T, Kauczor HU, Hosch W. MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis. Eur Radiol. 2012 Jun;22(6):1224-32. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2378-5. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
- Background: PubMed 24036007Banerjee R, Pavlides M, Tunnicliffe EM, Piechnik SK, Sarania N, Philips R, Collier JD, Booth JC, Schneider JE, Wang LM, Delaney DW, Fleming KA, Robson MD, Barnes E, Neubauer S. Multiparametric magnetic resonance for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver disease. J Hepatol. 2014 Jan;60(1):69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
- Background: PubMed 19959511Faria SC, Ganesan K, Mwangi I, Shiehmorteza M, Viamonte B, Mazhar S, Peterson M, Kono Y, Santillan C, Casola G, Sirlin CB. MR imaging of liver fibrosis: current state of the art. Radiographics. 2009 Oct;29(6):1615-35. doi: 10.1148/rg.296095512.
- Background: PubMed 27563019Tan CH, Venkatesh SK. Magnetic Resonance Elastography and Other Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Chronic Liver Disease: Current Status and Future Directions. Gut Liver. 2016 Sep 15;10(5):672-86. doi: 10.5009/gnl15492.
- Background: PubMed 26677985Imajo K, Kessoku T, Honda Y, Tomeno W, Ogawa Y, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Yoneda M, Taguri M, Hyogo H, Sumida Y, Ono M, Eguchi Y, Inoue T, Yamanaka T, Wada K, Saito S, Nakajima A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging More Accurately Classifies Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Than Transient Elastography. Gastroenterology. 2016 Mar;150(3):626-637.e7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.048. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
- Background: PubMed 27911262Park CC, Nguyen P, Hernandez C, Bettencourt R, Ramirez K, Fortney L, Hooker J, Sy E, Savides MT, Alquiraish MH, Valasek MA, Rizo E, Richards L, Brenner D, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. Magnetic Resonance Elastography vs Transient Elastography in Detection of Fibrosis and Noninvasive Measurement of Steatosis in Patients With Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2017 Feb;152(3):598-607.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.026. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
- Background: PubMed 20063276Castera L, Foucher J, Bernard PH, Carvalho F, Allaix D, Merrouche W, Couzigou P, de Ledinghen V. Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13,369 examinations. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):828-35. doi: 10.1002/hep.23425.
- Background: PubMed 18095306Arena U, Vizzutti F, Corti G, Ambu S, Stasi C, Bresci S, Moscarella S, Boddi V, Petrarca A, Laffi G, Marra F, Pinzani M. Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography. Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):380-4. doi: 10.1002/hep.22007.
- Background: PubMed 21416504Stikov N, Keenan KE, Pauly JM, Smith RL, Dougherty RF, Gold GE. Cross-relaxation imaging of human articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2011 Sep;66(3):725-34. doi: 10.1002/mrm.22865. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Liver Fibrosis, run by Chinese University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Weitian Chen, PhD (3505 1036, wtchen@cuhk.edu.hk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
diagnostic accuracy (time frame: 3 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04429100, which also lists 24 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Mar 2026.