Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal MicrobiotaBeBiCoNCT04447742
Bern Birth Cohort / Trajectory of Microbiota Maturation in Healthy Bern Infants - a Network Approach
An observational study of Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal Microbiota and Microbial Colonization, run by Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
Background: Intestinal microbiota composition is fundamental to human health and undergoes critical changes within the first two years of life. Factors probably influencing the microbiota are the maternal microbiota and the general environment in Switzerland. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Colonization, Nutrition Disorder, Infant
- How many people
- 250 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- 7 May 2020to 3 Mar 2035
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: At recruitment: Healthy pregnant women in the area of Bern. On Follow-up: baby-mother pairs in the area of Bern
Who may be able to join
- Signed informed consent.
- Ability to understand and follow study procedures and understand informed consent
- From week 20 of pregnancy until birth
- General good health, i.e. absence of major severe medical/ surgical/ psychiatric condition requiring ongoing management. Minor well controlled conditions (e.g. medically controlled arterial hypertension, occupational asthma, gestational diabetes mellitus) may be present.
- Absence of known severe embryonal pathology, expected normal pregnancy (e.g. minor conditions including twin/ triplet pregnancy, final pelvic position may be present)
- Age 18-45 years.
Who cannot join
- Participation in another clinical study interfering with study procedures.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Switzerland1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
University Hospital of Bern - Insel Spital
Bern, 3010
Benjamin Misselwitz, Professor, +41 31 664 04 30, benjamin.misselwitz@insel.ch
About this study
Background: Intestinal microbiota composition is fundamental to human health and undergoes critical changes within the first two years of life. Factors probably influencing the microbiota are the maternal microbiota and the general environment in Switzerland. However, the development of the intestinal microbiota is incompletely understood. Gaining knowledge of the trajectory of microbiota maturation is likely key to the understanding of the pathogenesis of many pathologies in childhood.
Aims: The investigators aim for a deep understanding of the maturation of the healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators aim for identifying parameters affecting microbiota maturation and effects of the microbiota on infant outcome.
Read more
Methods: The investigators will recruit 250 pregnant mothers who will be followed as mother-baby pairs until 10 years of age. Infants will be followed clinically to determine adequate growth and development as well as pathology including abdominal pain. Epidemiological parameter and infant nutrition will be assessed. The investigators will collect biological samples such as stool, maternal milk, vaginal swaps and skin swaps.
Species composition and diversity will be assessed by 16S sequencing. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and bacterial messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) analysis will inform about metabolic potential and metabolic activity of the microbiota. Mass spectrometry will assess the small molecule content of stool and maternal milk samples. Network analysis will be used to assess the complex relationships between bacteria metabolic activities and small molecular content.
Expected results: The investigators expect an increase in complexity and metabolic potential and activity with age. Microbiota parameters will differ according to nutrition and might predict infant outcomes such as growth and abdominal pain. Systematic analysis of sequential maternal and infant bacteria samples from stool, skin and maternal milk will help characterizing bacterial transfer from mother to infant Conclusion: The investigators propose an observational study of healthy Bern mother baby pairs with clinical characterisation and biological sampling. Advanced analysis tools will be used to characterise the microbiota and address mechanistic questions.
Read the detailed description
Methods for sample analysis:
For the primary objective and outcome/ endpoint of the study, bacterial content of infant stool will be analyzed by:
- Mass spectrometry to assess intestinal content (metabolome). Techniques have been established in the laboratory of Prof. U. Sauer who already collaborated with the investigators' group in previous studies.
- 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing for bacterial species composition as well as microbial diversity.
- Bacterial full genome metagenomics shotgun sequencing to identify bacterial genes present (metabolic potential of the microbiota).
- Bacterial mRNA sequencing to assess transcription and a functional role of the microbiota (metabolic activity of microbiota).
- Analysis of the intestinal virome and eukaryotic intestinal populations by appropriate sequencing or culturing techniques.
- Analysis of IgA antibodies in human milk and stool and the interaction of antibodies with intestinal bacteria.
For the secondary endpoints identical analyses will be performed in skin swabs, maternal milk, maternal vaginal swabs and maternal stool. Parameters for infant growth, neurodevelopment, immune maturation and potential occurrence of pathology will be assessed at every visit. Maternal and infant nutrition, hygiene, socioeconomic status and clinical history will be assessed by questionnaires at every visit. Milk samples will further be analyzed for their cellular contents by flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing, as well as for cytokines and exosome-based miRNAs. All biosamples will be analyzed by mass spectrometry to assess impact of the environment on infant metabolism and physiology.
Further follow-up experiments with the acquired samples are possible. Specifically, individual bacteria strains can be isolated and cultured in vitro and also tested alone or in combination in experimental animals.
Bacterial sequencing by the methods described above will also inevitably identify maternal or infant DNA sequences, since metagenomic shotgun sequencing cannot differentiate between bacterial and human DNA. These human DNA sequences will not be analyzed within the scope of this project. However, these sequences might be the subject of future studies. Study participants will therefore be asked for permission to analyze human DNA from mother and/ or child at the page for "further analyses" within the consent form. An option to "opt out" for human DNA analysis will be provided and refusal will not lead to exclusion from the study.
Any findings of clear relevance to the health of the participant (i.e. mother or child) will be reported to the participant in collaboration with their treating pediatrician. Participants will need to inform the study team if they do not wish to be informed.
- Conditions
- Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Colonization, Nutrition Disorder, Infant, Milk Expression, Breast, Mental Health Disorder
- Medical subject headings
- Communicable Diseases, Infant Nutrition Disorders, Breast Milk Expression, Mental Disorders
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 0-3 days after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 10 days after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 6 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 10 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 14 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 24 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 36 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 48 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 96 weeks after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 5 years after birth
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Measured: Infant stool samples will be collected 10 years after birth
Secondary outcomes (5)
Impact of variations of the normal environment in Switzerland on microbiota development.
To understand the impact of variations of the normal environment in Switzerland on microbiota development. To this end we will use parameters for nutrition and socioeconomic status, microbiota characteristics, and metabolomics and correlate those with parameters for infant development and immunity.
Measured: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Transfer of the maternal microbiota to the infant
To understand the transfer of the maternal microbiota to the infant. The investigators will identify bacterial species (or operational taxonomic units, OTU) in the maternal microbiota in maternal stool, maternal skin, vaginal environment, maternal placenta, as well as maternal milk at various points in time and correlate these parameters to identified species/ OTU in the intestinal and skin microbiota of the infant at various points in time (for methodology see "detailed description").
Biological samples will be collected at:
- Maternal vaginal swab: Enrolment.
- Placenta swab: Birth.
- Maternal stool and skin swabs: Enrolment, 10 days, 6 months and 1 year after birth.
- Maternal milk samples, if nursing: 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks after birth.
- Infant stool and skin probes: 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Measured: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Impact of the microbiota on child development and health.
To understand the impact of the microbiota on child development and health. The investigators will correlate infant microbiota characteristics from the primary endpoint with
- Parameters for physical development (size, weight, percentiles, head circumference, mid upper arm circumference, waist to hip ratio)
- Parameters for neurodevelopment and child behaviour
- Onset/ occurrence of pathology (obesity, abdominal pain, new onset of allergies, asthma, eczema, number of infectious complications, physician consultations outside regular preventive medical checkups).
Using questionnaires, the investigators will assess clinical parameters and parameters for child development but also acquire information regarding infectious complications, allergies and abdominal pain at enrolment and on the same follow-up dates as stated in the primary outcome section.
Measured: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Impact of low resources with poor nutrition and poor hygiene in developing countries on the maturation of the intestinal microbiota
To understand the impact of low resources with poor nutrition and poor hygiene in developing countries on the maturation of the intestinal microbiota. Children from the University of Zimbabwe birth cohort were followed in a similar manner as planned for the children from the Bern infant microbiota study with the same acquisition of biological samples. The investigators will use microbiota characteristics from endpoint 1 to compare microbiota maturation in healthy Swiss infants to microbiota maturation in healthy Zimbabwean children as well as children with environmental enteropathy and stunted growth.
Measured: 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Effects of maternal microbiota on immunomodulatory properties of breast milk and immune maturation in the newborn
- To understand the extent to which the maternal microbiota and maternal diet affects the immunomodulatory properties of breast milk and how those properties in turn influence immune maturation in the newborn, we will analyse the composition of stool and breast milk samples in regard to metabolites, cellular components, cytokines and miRNA. We will further use the material to test the impact of maternal milk in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (mice). Immunomodulatory mechanisms will be identified and correlating changes in development and maturation of the immune system of the newborn will be analysed. (For methodology see " detailed description")
Measured: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jun 2020
- Study start7 May 2020
- Primary completion3 Mar 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion3 Mar 2035 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal MicrobiotaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 250 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Bern
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Benjamin Misselwitz, Professor, Principal investigator, University Hospital of Bern - Insel Spital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04447742
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019-00510
- Other IDs
- 3962, 2019
- Acronym
- BeBiCo
- Status last verified
- Nov 2024
- First submitted
- 19 May 2020
- Last updated
- 12 Nov 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Participant level-data and statistical code will be published together with the results of our analyses. However, some restrictions regarding sharing of individual participant data apply according to Swiss law.
Publications
Cecchini L, Barmaz C, Cea MJC, Baeschlin H, Etter J, Netzer S, Bregy L, Marchukov D, Trigo NF, Meier R, Hirschi J, Wyss J, Wick A, Zingg J, Christensen S, Radan AP, Etter A, Muller M, Kaess M, Surbek D, Yilmaz B, Macpherson AJ, Sokollik C, Misselwitz B, Ganal-Vonarburg SC. The Bern Birth Cohort (BeBiCo) to study the development of the infant intestinal microbiota in a high-resource setting in Switzerland: rationale, design, and methods. BMC Pediatr. 2023 Nov 10;23(1):560. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04198-5.
PubMed 37946167
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Nov 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Bern Birth Cohort / Trajectory of Microbiota Maturation in Healthy Bern Infants - a Network Approach
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04447742
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BeBiCo / 2019-00510
- Conditions
- Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal Microbiota, Microbial Colonization, Nutrition Disorder, Infant, Milk Expression, Breast, Mental Health Disorder
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 250 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital BernUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Bern
- Study start
- 7 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Mar 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 3 Mar 2035 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: Intestinal microbiota composition is fundamental to human health and undergoes critical changes within the first two years of life. Factors probably influencing the microbiota are the maternal microbiota and the general environment in Switzerland. However, the development of the intestinal microbiota is incompletely understood. Gaining knowledge of the trajectory of microbiota maturation is likely key to the understanding of the pathogenesis of many pathologies in childhood.
Aims: The investigators aim for a deep understanding of the maturation of the healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators aim for identifying parameters affecting microbiota maturation and effects of the microbiota on infant outcome.
Methods: The investigators will recruit 250 pregnant mothers who will be followed as mother-baby pairs until 10 years of age. Infants will be followed clinically to determine adequate growth and development as well as pathology including abdominal pain. Epidemiological parameter and infant nutrition will be assessed. The investigators will collect biological samples such as stool, maternal milk, vaginal swaps and skin swaps.
Species composition and diversity will be assessed by 16S sequencing. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and bacterial messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) analysis will inform about metabolic potential and metabolic activity of the microbiota. Mass spectrometry will assess the small molecule content of stool and maternal milk samples. Network analysis will be used to assess the complex relationships between bacteria metabolic activities and small molecular content.
Expected results: The investigators expect an increase in complexity and metabolic potential and activity with age. Microbiota parameters will differ according to nutrition and might predict infant outcomes such as growth and abdominal pain. Systematic analysis of sequential maternal and infant bacteria samples from stool, skin and maternal milk will help characterizing bacterial transfer from mother to infant Conclusion: The investigators propose an observational study of healthy Bern mother baby pairs with clinical characterisation and biological sampling. Advanced analysis tools will be used to characterise the microbiota and address mechanistic questions.
Detailed description
Methods for sample analysis:
For the primary objective and outcome/ endpoint of the study, bacterial content of infant stool will be analyzed by:
- Mass spectrometry to assess intestinal content (metabolome). Techniques have been established in the laboratory of Prof. U. Sauer who already collaborated with the investigators' group in previous studies.
- 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing for bacterial species composition as well as microbial diversity.
- Bacterial full genome metagenomics shotgun sequencing to identify bacterial genes present (metabolic potential of the microbiota).
- Bacterial mRNA sequencing to assess transcription and a functional role of the microbiota (metabolic activity of microbiota).
- Analysis of the intestinal virome and eukaryotic intestinal populations by appropriate sequencing or culturing techniques.
- Analysis of IgA antibodies in human milk and stool and the interaction of antibodies with intestinal bacteria.
For the secondary endpoints identical analyses will be performed in skin swabs, maternal milk, maternal vaginal swabs and maternal stool. Parameters for infant growth, neurodevelopment, immune maturation and potential occurrence of pathology will be assessed at every visit. Maternal and infant nutrition, hygiene, socioeconomic status and clinical history will be assessed by questionnaires at every visit. Milk samples will further be analyzed for their cellular contents by flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing, as well as for cytokines and exosome-based miRNAs. All biosamples will be analyzed by mass spectrometry to assess impact of the environment on infant metabolism and physiology.
Further follow-up experiments with the acquired samples are possible. Specifically, individual bacteria strains can be isolated and cultured in vitro and also tested alone or in combination in experimental animals.
Bacterial sequencing by the methods described above will also inevitably identify maternal or infant DNA sequences, since metagenomic shotgun sequencing cannot differentiate between bacterial and human DNA. These human DNA sequences will not be analyzed within the scope of this project. However, these sequences might be the subject of future studies. Study participants will therefore be asked for permission to analyze human DNA from mother and/ or child at the page for "further analyses" within the consent form. An option to "opt out" for human DNA analysis will be provided and refusal will not lead to exclusion from the study.
Any findings of clear relevance to the health of the participant (i.e. mother or child) will be reported to the participant in collaboration with their treating pediatrician. Participants will need to inform the study team if they do not wish to be informed.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- At recruitment: Healthy pregnant women in the area of Bern. On Follow-up: baby-mother pairs in the area of Bern
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Signed informed consent.
- Ability to understand and follow study procedures and understand informed consent
- From week 20 of pregnancy until birth
- General good health, i.e. absence of major severe medical/ surgical/ psychiatric condition requiring ongoing management. Minor well controlled conditions (e.g. medically controlled arterial hypertension, occupational asthma, gestational diabetes mellitus) may be present.
- Absence of known severe embryonal pathology, expected normal pregnancy (e.g. minor conditions including twin/ triplet pregnancy, final pelvic position may be present)
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participation in another clinical study interfering with study procedures.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 0-3 days after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 10 days after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 6 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 10 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 14 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 24 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 36 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 48 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 96 weeks after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 5 years after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities.
Time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 10 years after birth
The investigators are aiming for a deep understanding of the maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota considering composition, diversity and metabolic activities. The investigators will characterise the composition, metabolic potential and activity at various time points by advanced techniques (16S sequencing, metagenomics shotgun sequencing and mRNA sequencing) and the metabolites present by mass spectrometry (see "detailed description") . Using this information, the investigators will estimate networks of metabolic activity of the microbiota. Network analysis can be informed by information regarding small molecules present. The trajectories shared by the microbiota of most healthy infants will be considered normal.
5 secondary outcomes
Impact of variations of the normal environment in Switzerland on microbiota development.
Time frame: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Transfer of the maternal microbiota to the infant
Time frame: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Impact of the microbiota on child development and health.
Time frame: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Impact of low resources with poor nutrition and poor hygiene in developing countries on the maturation of the intestinal microbiota
Time frame: 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Effects of maternal microbiota on immunomodulatory properties of breast milk and immune maturation in the newborn
Time frame: Enrolment, 0-3 days, 10 days, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 48 weeks, 96 weeks, 5 years and 10 years after birth.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Nov 2024.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37946167Cecchini L, Barmaz C, Cea MJC, Baeschlin H, Etter J, Netzer S, Bregy L, Marchukov D, Trigo NF, Meier R, Hirschi J, Wyss J, Wick A, Zingg J, Christensen S, Radan AP, Etter A, Muller M, Kaess M, Surbek D, Yilmaz B, Macpherson AJ, Sokollik C, Misselwitz B, Ganal-Vonarburg SC. The Bern Birth Cohort (BeBiCo) to study the development of the infant intestinal microbiota in a high-resource setting in Switzerland: rationale, design, and methods. BMC Pediatr. 2023 Nov 10;23(1):560. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04198-5.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Participant level-data and statistical code will be published together with the results of our analyses. However, some restrictions regarding sharing of individual participant data apply according to Swiss law.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Benjamin Misselwitz, Professor principal investigator
University Hospital of Bern - Insel Spital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Maturation of the Healthy Infant Intestinal Microbiota and Microbial Colonization, run by Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Benjamin Misselwitz, Professor (+41 31 664 04 30, benjamin.misselwitz@insel.ch), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maturation of a healthy infant intestinal microbiota regarding complexity of species composition and metabolic activities. (time frame: Infant stool samples will be collected 0-3 days after birth). The study lists 11 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04447742, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Nov 2024; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.