Pulsed RadiofrequencyNCT04454710
Pulsed Radiofrequency and Osteoarthritic Chronic Knee Pain
A study testing Pulsed Radiofrequency in people with Pulsed Radiofrequency and Osteoarthritis, Knee, run by University of Rome Tor Vergata at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve in the treatment of pain due to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The investigators will conduct real pulsed radiofrequency or sham, over the saphenous nerve during 4 separate sessions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Pulsed Radiofrequency, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Knee Pain Chronic
- What is being tested?
- Pulsed Radiofrequency
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2020to 1 Feb 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Chronic knee pain (present for at least 6 months), of moderate-severe intensity (assessed by NRS => 6), not responsive to conservative treatments (physiotherapy, oral analgesics).
- Diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis confirmed by instrumental investigation (X-ray and/or MRI) and Oxford Knee Score = <35.
- Positivity to the diagnostic block of no. saphenous (defined as a reduction of at least 50% of the NRS score).
- If the patient is taking opioids or other morphine equivalents, the dosage should not be changed within 3 months prior to the study enrollment visit.
Who cannot join
- Body Mass index > 40 kg /m2
- History of systemic inflammatory disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, neoplastic pathology, coagulopathy
- Previous knee replacement implant
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency on the Saphenous Nerve in Osteoarthritic Chronic Knee Pain
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve in the treatment of pain due to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The investigators will conduct real pulsed radiofrequency or sham, over the saphenous nerve during 4 separate sessions. The investigators will evaluate pain intensity, quality of life, function, and disability via clinical validated scales.
The research question is whether pulsed radiofrequency can lessen knee pain and improve function and quality of life in patients with chronic knee pain due OA.
It is hypothesized, that less knee pain and improved function, and quality of life after the pulsed radiofrequency sessions.
Read the detailed description
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 10% of the population over 60 years of age each year, with an increasing incidence related to population aging. This disease costs 1-2.5% of GDP on average in Europe when combining direct and indirect costs: it is therefore the 9th leading cause of disability adjusted life years. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, for which there is no treatment able to stop joint degeneration as of today: common treatment regimens include pharmacological therapy, joint infiltrations, neuromodulation techniques, and total knee arthroplasty when indicated. However, each patient responds differently and therefore necessitates a tailored approach.
Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), a neuromodulating technique that potentiates the descending analgesic pathway by avoiding Wallerian degeneration, has as of today been targeted intraarticularly or to the genicular nerves, yielding unreliable results in both cases, perhaps due to small samples, lack of long term follow ups, and absence of control groups.
The goal of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of PRF on the saphenous nerve, an exclusively sensory nerve that is responsible for pain perception on the medial surface of the lower limb, often associable with OA. In particularly, the investigators will evaluate the effect of PRF on pain reduction, function, disability, and quality of life in patients with knee OA.
This study will include 20 participants suffering from knee OA, and the participants will enroll if infiltrating their saphenous nerve with 2mL of 2% lidocaine reduces their Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) pain perception by at least 60%.
The participants will be allocated consecutively to randomization as an intervention order using the tool from the randomization.com website (Dallal GE, http://www.randomization.com). The investigators will use the second generation suggested for crossover studies. The participants will be randomized into a PRF sham control group or a real PRF group and the investigators will follow up at 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) by acquiring their NRS, Oxford Knee Score, and SF-36 questionnaire. After 6 months, the participants will be crossed-over and the follow-up method will be repeated.
- Being tested
- Pulsed Radiofrequency
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pulsed RadiofrequencyDevice
Pulsed radiofrequency is a novel therapeutic modality with many potential applications in pain management.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Real Pulsed Radiofrequency | Active comparator | The participant will receive real pulsed radiofrequency for 2 minutes at a frequency of 2 pulses per second (2Hz) while lie in the supine position with their leg of interest partially flexed about 45 degrees and externally rotated. The full procedure will take eight minutes, composed of four sessions of 2 minutes in which the temperature was maintained below 42°C. Receives: Device: Pulsed Radiofrequency |
| Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency | Sham comparator | Identical to the real pulsed radiofrequency, except the participants will only receive the initial 2 seconds of ramp-up, after which the device will switch-off for the rest of the session and will turn-on again at the end of the session. Receives: Device: Pulsed Radiofrequency |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in Pain severity
Changes in Pain severity will be measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable").
Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
Secondary outcomes (2)
Changes in Health related quality-of -life
Changes in quality of life will be measured by SF-36. The Italian version of SF-36 will used to understand the health related quality-of -life of the participants over the past four weeks. The eight health concepts: limitations in physical activities because of health problems; limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; bodily pain; general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; vitality (energy and fatigue); and general health perceptions will be searched. These outcomes will be grouped as physical component summary and mental component summary. The norm data is 0-100, the health related quality of life is increases as the scores are increased. The average score is 50.
Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
Changes in in knee function and pain
Changes in in knee function and pain will be measured by Oxford Knee Score. The Oxford Knee Score questionnaire consists of 12 questions that cover function and pain of the knee. Each question is scored from 0 to 4 (0 being the worst outcome and 4 being the best). The overall score is the sum of all items and can range from 0 to 48, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes.
Measured: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Jul 2020
- Study start1 Jan 2020
- Primary completion1 Feb 2021
- Study completion1 Feb 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pulsed RadiofrequencyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mohammad Alwardat, University of Rome Tor Vergata
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04454710
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 144/18
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 26 Jun 2020
- Last updated
- 17 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, Bierma-Zeinstra MA, Arden NK, Bresnihan B, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kirschner S, Leeb BF, Lohmander LS, Mazieres B, Pavelka K, Punzi L, So AK, Tuncer T, Watt I, Bijlsma JW. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Mar;69(3):483-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.113100. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
PubMed 19762361Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part I: critical appraisal of existing treatment guidelines and systematic review of current research evidence. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Sep;15(9):981-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.014. Epub 2007 Aug 27.
PubMed 17719803Kapoor R, Adhikary SD, Siefring C, McQuillan PM. The saphenous nerve and its relationship to the nerve to the vastus medialis in and around the adductor canal: an anatomical study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):365-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02645.x.
PubMed 22335278Carlino E, Piedimonte A, Benedetti F. Nature of the placebo and nocebo effect in relation to functional neurologic disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;139:597-606. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00048-5.
PubMed 27719874Carr AJ, Robertsson O, Graves S, Price AJ, Arden NK, Judge A, Beard DJ. Knee replacement. Lancet. 2012 Apr 7;379(9823):1331-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60752-6. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
PubMed 22398175Castelnuovo G, Giusti EM, Manzoni GM, Saviola D, Gabrielli S, Lacerenza M, Pietrabissa G, Cattivelli R, Spatola CAM, Rossi A, Varallo G, Novelli M, Villa V, Luzzati F, Cottini A, Lai C, Volpato E, Cavalera C, Pagnini F, Tesio V, Castelli L, Tavola M, Torta R, Arreghini M, Zanini L, Brunani A, Seitanidis I, Ventura G, Capodaglio P, D'Aniello GE, Scarpina F, Brioschi A, Bigoni M, Priano L, Mauro A, Riva G, Di Lernia D, Repetto C, Regalia C, Molinari E, Notaro P, Paolucci S, Sandrini G, Simpson S, Wiederhold BK, Gaudio S, Jackson JB, Tamburin S, Benedetti F. What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2018 May 18;9:310. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00310. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29867723Gupta A, Huettner DP, Dukewich M. Comparative Effectiveness Review of Cooled Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Pain Physician. 2017 Mar;20(3):155-171.
PubMed 28339430Herman DC, Vincent KR. Saphenous Nerve Block for the Assessment of Knee Pain Refractory to Conservative Treatment. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018 May;17(5):146-147. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000480. No abstract available.
PubMed 29738318Kesikburun S, Yasar E, Uran A, Adiguzel E, Yilmaz B. Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment For Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report. Pain Physician. 2016 Jul;19(5):E751-9.
PubMed 27389118Carpenedo R, Al-Wardat M, Vizzolo L, Germani G, Chine E, Ridolfo S, Dauri M, Natoli S. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve for knee osteoarthritis pain: a pilot randomized trial. Pain Manag. 2022 Mar;12(2):181-193. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0035. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
PubMed 34431329
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency on the Saphenous Nerve in Osteoarthritic Chronic Knee Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04454710
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 144/18
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Rome Tor VergataUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Jul 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve in the treatment of pain due to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The investigators will conduct real pulsed radiofrequency or sham, over the saphenous nerve during 4 separate sessions. The investigators will evaluate pain intensity, quality of life, function, and disability via clinical validated scales.
The research question is whether pulsed radiofrequency can lessen knee pain and improve function and quality of life in patients with chronic knee pain due OA.
It is hypothesized, that less knee pain and improved function, and quality of life after the pulsed radiofrequency sessions.
Detailed description
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 10% of the population over 60 years of age each year, with an increasing incidence related to population aging. This disease costs 1-2.5% of GDP on average in Europe when combining direct and indirect costs: it is therefore the 9th leading cause of disability adjusted life years. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, for which there is no treatment able to stop joint degeneration as of today: common treatment regimens include pharmacological therapy, joint infiltrations, neuromodulation techniques, and total knee arthroplasty when indicated. However, each patient responds differently and therefore necessitates a tailored approach.
Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), a neuromodulating technique that potentiates the descending analgesic pathway by avoiding Wallerian degeneration, has as of today been targeted intraarticularly or to the genicular nerves, yielding unreliable results in both cases, perhaps due to small samples, lack of long term follow ups, and absence of control groups.
The goal of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of PRF on the saphenous nerve, an exclusively sensory nerve that is responsible for pain perception on the medial surface of the lower limb, often associable with OA. In particularly, the investigators will evaluate the effect of PRF on pain reduction, function, disability, and quality of life in patients with knee OA.
This study will include 20 participants suffering from knee OA, and the participants will enroll if infiltrating their saphenous nerve with 2mL of 2% lidocaine reduces their Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) pain perception by at least 60%.
The participants will be allocated consecutively to randomization as an intervention order using the tool from the randomization.com website (Dallal GE, http://www.randomization.com). The investigators will use the second generation suggested for crossover studies. The participants will be randomized into a PRF sham control group or a real PRF group and the investigators will follow up at 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) by acquiring their NRS, Oxford Knee Score, and SF-36 questionnaire. After 6 months, the participants will be crossed-over and the follow-up method will be repeated.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Real Pulsed Radiofrequency | Active comparator | Device: Pulsed RadiofrequencyThe participant will receive real pulsed radiofrequency for 2 minutes at a frequency of 2 pulses per second (2Hz) while lie in the supine position with their leg of interest partially flexed about 45 degrees and externally rotated. The full procedure will take eight minutes, composed of four sessions of 2 minutes in which the temperature was maintained below 42°C. |
| Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency | Sham comparator | Device: Pulsed RadiofrequencyIdentical to the real pulsed radiofrequency, except the participants will only receive the initial 2 seconds of ramp-up, after which the device will switch-off for the rest of the session and will turn-on again at the end of the session. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Chronic knee pain (present for at least 6 months), of moderate-severe intensity (assessed by NRS => 6), not responsive to conservative treatments (physiotherapy, oral analgesics).
- Diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis confirmed by instrumental investigation (X-ray and/or MRI) and Oxford Knee Score = <35.
- Positivity to the diagnostic block of no. saphenous (defined as a reduction of at least 50% of the NRS score).
- If the patient is taking opioids or other morphine equivalents, the dosage should not be changed within 3 months prior to the study enrollment visit.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Body Mass index > 40 kg /m2
- History of systemic inflammatory disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, neoplastic pathology, coagulopathy
- Previous knee replacement implant
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pulsed RadiofrequencyPulsed radiofrequency is a novel therapeutic modality with many potential applications in pain management. | Device | Real Pulsed Radiofrequency, Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency |
Primary outcome
Changes in Pain severity
Time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
Changes in Pain severity will be measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable").
2 secondary outcomes
Changes in Health related quality-of -life
Time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
Changes in in knee function and pain
Time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Mar 2021.
- Background: PubMed 19762361Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, Bierma-Zeinstra MA, Arden NK, Bresnihan B, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kirschner S, Leeb BF, Lohmander LS, Mazieres B, Pavelka K, Punzi L, So AK, Tuncer T, Watt I, Bijlsma JW. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Mar;69(3):483-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.113100. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
- Background: PubMed 17719803Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part I: critical appraisal of existing treatment guidelines and systematic review of current research evidence. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Sep;15(9):981-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.014. Epub 2007 Aug 27.
- Background: PubMed 22335278Kapoor R, Adhikary SD, Siefring C, McQuillan PM. The saphenous nerve and its relationship to the nerve to the vastus medialis in and around the adductor canal: an anatomical study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):365-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02645.x.
- Background: PubMed 27719874Carlino E, Piedimonte A, Benedetti F. Nature of the placebo and nocebo effect in relation to functional neurologic disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;139:597-606. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00048-5.
- Background: PubMed 22398175Carr AJ, Robertsson O, Graves S, Price AJ, Arden NK, Judge A, Beard DJ. Knee replacement. Lancet. 2012 Apr 7;379(9823):1331-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60752-6. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
- Background: PubMed 29867723Castelnuovo G, Giusti EM, Manzoni GM, Saviola D, Gabrielli S, Lacerenza M, Pietrabissa G, Cattivelli R, Spatola CAM, Rossi A, Varallo G, Novelli M, Villa V, Luzzati F, Cottini A, Lai C, Volpato E, Cavalera C, Pagnini F, Tesio V, Castelli L, Tavola M, Torta R, Arreghini M, Zanini L, Brunani A, Seitanidis I, Ventura G, Capodaglio P, D'Aniello GE, Scarpina F, Brioschi A, Bigoni M, Priano L, Mauro A, Riva G, Di Lernia D, Repetto C, Regalia C, Molinari E, Notaro P, Paolucci S, Sandrini G, Simpson S, Wiederhold BK, Gaudio S, Jackson JB, Tamburin S, Benedetti F. What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2018 May 18;9:310. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00310. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 28339430Gupta A, Huettner DP, Dukewich M. Comparative Effectiveness Review of Cooled Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Pain Physician. 2017 Mar;20(3):155-171.
- Background: PubMed 29738318Herman DC, Vincent KR. Saphenous Nerve Block for the Assessment of Knee Pain Refractory to Conservative Treatment. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018 May;17(5):146-147. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000480. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 27389118Kesikburun S, Yasar E, Uran A, Adiguzel E, Yilmaz B. Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment For Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report. Pain Physician. 2016 Jul;19(5):E751-9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34431329Carpenedo R, Al-Wardat M, Vizzolo L, Germani G, Chine E, Ridolfo S, Dauri M, Natoli S. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency of the saphenous nerve for knee osteoarthritis pain: a pilot randomized trial. Pain Manag. 2022 Mar;12(2):181-193. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0035. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Pulsed Radiofrequency in people with Pulsed Radiofrequency and Osteoarthritis, Knee, run by University of Rome Tor Vergata at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in Pain severity (time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04454710, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Mar 2021.