Sedentary BehaviorNCT04488809
Comparison the Effects of Deep Water Running and Treadmill Running
A study testing Exercise in people with Sedentary Behavior, run by Izmir Katip Celebi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different exercise programs as 'Deep Water Running' and 'Treadmill Running' in sedentary young adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sedentary Behavior
- What is being tested?
- Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 72 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2021to Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being sedentary according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire
- Consent of the participant
Who cannot join
- Problems related to musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiopulmonary systems in last six months
- Any contraindication to exercise in water (water fear, allergy to chlorine)
- No willingness to continue in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison the Effects of Deep Water Running and Treadmill Running on Lower Extremity Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Sedentary Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different exercise programs as 'Deep Water Running' and 'Treadmill Running' in sedentary young adults.
Read the detailed description
Rapid and explosive movements such as jumping or stair climbing need anaerobic performance. Anaerobic performance is negatively affected by sedentary behaviour due to loss of muscle strength and endurance. Exercise is an effective method to increase muscle strength and physical performance.
Exercising in water has unique physiological characteristics such as buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, and metacentric effect. In addition, exercising in high speeds in water leads strengthening. Deep water running is employed to imitate the running on land. It is advocated that deep water running might result additional benefits than running on land. Therefore, the effect of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of deep water running and treadmill running in sedentary young adults.
- Conditions
- Sedentary Behavior
- Being tested
- Exercise
- Keywords
- Exercise, Running, Anaerobic Performance, Agility
- Medical subject headings
- Sedentary Behavior, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ExerciseOther
Exercise sessions will include 10 minutes of warming up, 30 minutes of loading, and 10 minutes of cooling down. The exercises will be performed two times in a week for eight weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Water Running | Experimental | Participants in this group will perform running in a vertical position in water. The sessions will be held in deep pool where the feet of the participants will not touch the ground. Receives: Other: Exercise |
| Treadmill Running | Active comparator | Participants in this group will perform running on a treadmill. Receives: Other: Exercise |
| Control | No intervention | Participants in this group will not interfere regular exercise for 8 weeks. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in lower extremity anaerobic performance
The lower extremity anaerobic performance will be measured by using Wingate Anaerobic Capacity Test. The average power (watt, watt/kg), and peak power (watt/watt/kg) will be recorded.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Secondary outcomes (8)
Change in lower extremity strength
The strengths of M. Quadriceps Femoris, M. Gluteus Maximus, and M. Gastrocnemius will be assessed by using a hand-held dynamometer. Muscle strength will be recorded in kilograms.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in agility
T agility test will be used for evaluating agility. The time will be recorded for completing the test.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in trunk muscle endurance
Side bridge position will be employed to measure the trunk muscles endurance. The time until the failure in the position will be recorded.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in fatigue
Fatigue will be assessed by using Fatigue Severity Scale. It includes nine items, and each item is scored between 1-7 (1: totally disagree, 7: totally agree). Higher scores indicate higher levels of fatigue.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in total body mass
Total body mass will be measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis and will be recorded in kilograms.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in fat mass
Fat mass will be measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis and will be recorded in kilograms.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in fat free muscle mass
Fat free muscle mass will be measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis and will be recorded in kilograms.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in basal metabolism rate
Basal metabolism will be measured by analyzing gas exchange in rest position. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production will be recorded.
Measured: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jul 2020
- Study start1 Mar 2021
- Primary completionJun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sedentary BehaviorStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Deniz Bayraktar, Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Investigators
- Deniz Bayraktar, PT, PhD, Principal investigator, Izmir Katip Celebi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04488809
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DWRVSTR
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 21 Jul 2020
- Last updated
- 13 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kelly BT, Roskin LA, Kirkendall DT, Speer KP. Shoulder muscle activation during aquatic and dry land exercises in nonimpaired subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000 Apr;30(4):204-10. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2000.30.4.204.
PubMed 10778797Reichert T, Kanitz AC, Delevatti RS, Bagatini NC, Barroso BM, Kruel LF. Continuous and interval training programs using deep water running improves functional fitness and blood pressure in the older adults. Age (Dordr). 2016 Feb;38(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s11357-016-9882-5. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
PubMed 26841888Cuesta-Vargas AI, Buchan J, Arroyo-Morales M. A multimodal physiotherapy programme plus deep water running for improving cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2014 Jan;23(1):15-21. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12114. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
PubMed 23947581Cuesta-Vargas AI, Adams N, Salazar JA, Belles A, Hazanas S, Arroyo-Morales M. Deep water running and general practice in primary care for non-specific low back pain versus general practice alone: randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Jul;31(7):1073-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-1977-5. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
PubMed 22453844Wilber RL, Moffatt RJ, Scott BE, Lee DT, Cucuzzo NA. Influence of water run training on the maintenance of aerobic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Aug;28(8):1056-62. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199608000-00017.
PubMed 8871917Broman G, Quintana M, Lindberg T, Jansson E, Kaijser L. High intensity deep water training can improve aerobic power in elderly women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Sep;98(2):117-23. doi: 10.1007/s00421-006-0237-2. Epub 2006 Aug 22.
PubMed 16924529Bayraktar D, Savci S, Altug-Gucenmez O, Manci E, Makay B, Ilcin N, Unsal E. The effects of 8-week water-running program on exercise capacity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Jan;39(1):59-65. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4209-8. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
PubMed 30430201Bar-Or O. The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Med. 1987 Nov-Dec;4(6):381-94. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198704060-00001. No abstract available.
PubMed 3324256Bohannon RW. Reference values for extremity muscle strength obtained by hand-held dynamometry from adults aged 20 to 79 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Jan;78(1):26-32. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90005-8.
PubMed 9014953Raya MA, Gailey RS, Gaunaurd IA, Jayne DM, Campbell SM, Gagne E, Manrique PG, Muller DG, Tucker C. Comparison of three agility tests with male servicemembers: Edgren Side Step Test, T-Test, and Illinois Agility Test. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(7):951-60. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2012.05.0096.
PubMed 24301432McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999 Aug;80(8):941-4. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90087-4.
PubMed 10453772Armutlu K, Korkmaz NC, Keser I, Sumbuloglu V, Akbiyik DI, Guney Z, Karabudak R. The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res. 2007 Mar;30(1):81-5. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3280146ec4.
PubMed 17293726Jebb SA, Cole TJ, Doman D, Murgatroyd PR, Prentice AM. Evaluation of the novel Tanita body-fat analyser to measure body composition by comparison with a four-compartment model. Br J Nutr. 2000 Feb;83(2):115-22. doi: 10.1017/s0007114500000155.
PubMed 10743490Vandarakis D, Salacinski AJ, Broeder CE. A comparison of COSMED metabolic systems for the determination of resting metabolic rate. Res Sports Med. 2013;21(2):187-94. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2012.757226.
PubMed 23541105
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison the Effects of Deep Water Running and Treadmill Running on Lower Extremity Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Sedentary Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04488809
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DWRVSTR
- Conditions
- Sedentary Behavior
- Keywords
- Exercise, Running, Anaerobic Performance, Agility
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Jul 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different exercise programs as 'Deep Water Running' and 'Treadmill Running' in sedentary young adults.
Detailed description
Rapid and explosive movements such as jumping or stair climbing need anaerobic performance. Anaerobic performance is negatively affected by sedentary behaviour due to loss of muscle strength and endurance. Exercise is an effective method to increase muscle strength and physical performance.
Exercising in water has unique physiological characteristics such as buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, and metacentric effect. In addition, exercising in high speeds in water leads strengthening. Deep water running is employed to imitate the running on land. It is advocated that deep water running might result additional benefits than running on land. Therefore, the effect of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of deep water running and treadmill running in sedentary young adults.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Water Running | Experimental | Other: ExerciseParticipants in this group will perform running in a vertical position in water. The sessions will be held in deep pool where the feet of the participants will not touch the ground. |
| Treadmill Running | Active comparator | Other: ExerciseParticipants in this group will perform running on a treadmill. |
| Control | No intervention | –Participants in this group will not interfere regular exercise for 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being sedentary according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire
- Consent of the participant
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Problems related to musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiopulmonary systems in last six months
- Any contraindication to exercise in water (water fear, allergy to chlorine)
- No willingness to continue in the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ExerciseExercise sessions will include 10 minutes of warming up, 30 minutes of loading, and 10 minutes of cooling down. The exercises will be performed two times in a week for eight weeks. | Other | Deep Water Running, Treadmill Running |
Primary outcome
Change in lower extremity anaerobic performance
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
The lower extremity anaerobic performance will be measured by using Wingate Anaerobic Capacity Test. The average power (watt, watt/kg), and peak power (watt/watt/kg) will be recorded.
8 secondary outcomes
Change in lower extremity strength
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in agility
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in trunk muscle endurance
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in fatigue
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in total body mass
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in fat mass
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in fat free muscle mass
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Change in basal metabolism rate
Time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Dec 2023.
- Background: PubMed 10778797Kelly BT, Roskin LA, Kirkendall DT, Speer KP. Shoulder muscle activation during aquatic and dry land exercises in nonimpaired subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000 Apr;30(4):204-10. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2000.30.4.204.
- Background: PubMed 26841888Reichert T, Kanitz AC, Delevatti RS, Bagatini NC, Barroso BM, Kruel LF. Continuous and interval training programs using deep water running improves functional fitness and blood pressure in the older adults. Age (Dordr). 2016 Feb;38(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s11357-016-9882-5. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
- Background: PubMed 23947581Cuesta-Vargas AI, Buchan J, Arroyo-Morales M. A multimodal physiotherapy programme plus deep water running for improving cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2014 Jan;23(1):15-21. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12114. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
- Background: PubMed 22453844Cuesta-Vargas AI, Adams N, Salazar JA, Belles A, Hazanas S, Arroyo-Morales M. Deep water running and general practice in primary care for non-specific low back pain versus general practice alone: randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Jul;31(7):1073-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-1977-5. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
- Background: PubMed 8871917Wilber RL, Moffatt RJ, Scott BE, Lee DT, Cucuzzo NA. Influence of water run training on the maintenance of aerobic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Aug;28(8):1056-62. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199608000-00017.
- Background: PubMed 16924529Broman G, Quintana M, Lindberg T, Jansson E, Kaijser L. High intensity deep water training can improve aerobic power in elderly women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Sep;98(2):117-23. doi: 10.1007/s00421-006-0237-2. Epub 2006 Aug 22.
- Background: PubMed 30430201Bayraktar D, Savci S, Altug-Gucenmez O, Manci E, Makay B, Ilcin N, Unsal E. The effects of 8-week water-running program on exercise capacity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Jan;39(1):59-65. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4209-8. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
- Background: PubMed 3324256Bar-Or O. The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Med. 1987 Nov-Dec;4(6):381-94. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198704060-00001. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 9014953Bohannon RW. Reference values for extremity muscle strength obtained by hand-held dynamometry from adults aged 20 to 79 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Jan;78(1):26-32. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90005-8.
- Background: PubMed 24301432Raya MA, Gailey RS, Gaunaurd IA, Jayne DM, Campbell SM, Gagne E, Manrique PG, Muller DG, Tucker C. Comparison of three agility tests with male servicemembers: Edgren Side Step Test, T-Test, and Illinois Agility Test. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(7):951-60. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2012.05.0096.
- Background: PubMed 10453772McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999 Aug;80(8):941-4. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90087-4.
- Background: PubMed 17293726Armutlu K, Korkmaz NC, Keser I, Sumbuloglu V, Akbiyik DI, Guney Z, Karabudak R. The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res. 2007 Mar;30(1):81-5. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3280146ec4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Deniz Bayraktar, PT, PhD principal investigator
Izmir Katip Celebi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exercise in people with Sedentary Behavior, run by Izmir Katip Celebi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in lower extremity anaerobic performance (time frame: At baseline and 8 weeks later). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04488809, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Dec 2023.