Opioid-Related DisordersNCT04495673
Combining Neuro-Imaging and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Clinical Intervention in Opioid Use Disorder
A study testing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Cognitive Training in people with Opioid-Related Disorders and Heroin Dependence, run by University of Minnesota at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The overarching goal of this project is to expand the traditional expertise in non-invasive neuromodulation at the University of Minnesota towards developing novel paired-neuromodulation approaches using transcrancial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for new addiction treatments that support long-term abstinence. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Opioid-Related Disorders, Heroin Dependence, Morphine Dependence
- What is being tested?
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Cognitive Training
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 9 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 11 Jan 2021to 22 Feb 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Current diagnosis of opioid use disorder
- Enrolled in a methadone treatment program for at least 2 months in Hennepin Healthcare and be clinically stable.
- Meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder
- Participants may have current comorbid drug use, but their primary substance use disorder diagnosis must to be based on opioid use.
- Participants must have the intention to remain in the methadone treatment program until the end of the intervention portion of the study.
Who cannot join
- Any medical condition or treatment with neurological sequelae (i.e. stroke, tumor, loss of consciousness>30 min, HIV)
- Head injury resulting in a skull fracture or a loss of consciousness exceeding 30 minutes (i.e., moderate or severe TBI)
- Any contraindications for tDCS or MRI scanning (tDCS contraindication: actively receiving treatment for seizures or epilepsy; MRI contraindications; metal implants, pacemakers or any other implanted electrical device, injury with metal, braces, dental implants, non-removable body piercings, pregnancy, breathing or moving disorder)
- Current active psychosis or mania
- Presence of a condition that would render study measures difficult or impossible to administer or interpret (e.g. current mania, active psychosis)
- Primary current substance use disorder diagnosis on a substance other than opioid except for caffeine or nicotine
Show all 9Show fewer
- Current stimulant use disorder (need to be free of stimulant use for at least 1 month)
- History of electroconvulsive therapy or cortical energy exposure within the past 12 months, including participation in any other neuromodulation studies
- incarceration
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
About this study
The overarching goal of this project is to expand the traditional expertise in non-invasive neuromodulation at the University of Minnesota towards developing novel paired-neuromodulation approaches using transcrancial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for new addiction treatments that support long-term abstinence. This study will investigate whether the pairing of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation and cognitive training can enhance functional connectivity between DLPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We have identified higher functional connectivity between DLPFC and NAcc in alcoholics that have successfully maintained abstinence for extended periods of time (7 years). This paired-neuromodulation approach can potentially be used as a therapeutic intervention to decrease substance use probability in addiction (e.g. opioid use disorder). The long term goal is to develop new addiction treatments that support long-term abstinence in opioid use disorder. The overall objective of this proposal is to enhance functional connectivity between DLPFC and NAcc as a therapeutic intervention to enhance cognition and reduce substance use rates in opioid use disorder.
- Being tested
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Cognitive Training
- Medical subject headings
- Opioid-Related Disorders, Heroin Dependence, Morphine Dependence
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Device
Participants receive 10 sessions (2 5-visit blocks of 46 minutes) of active tDCS to DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Device
Participants receive 10 sessions (1 5-visit block of 46 minutes of active tDCS and 1 5-visit block of sham tDCS)
Cognitive TrainingBehavioural
Executive functioning tasks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| tDCS with Cognitive Training | Experimental | DLPFC stimulation with tDCS with simultaneous cognitive training Receives: Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS); Behavioral: Cognitive Training |
| Sham tDCS with Cognitive Training | Active comparator | Sham tDCS with simultaneous cognitive training Receives: Device: Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS); Behavioral: Cognitive Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
(A1) Average Number of Serious Adverse Events in Active and Sham Groups.
Safety was defined as the prevalence of Serious Adverse Events for the study. Subjects were monitored for Serious Adverse Events from date of first intervention session until the final follow-up visit (2 months post-intevention). Subjects were monitored using the Symptom Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), Medication/Medical Update Interview, and medical chart review. Serious Adverse Events were defined as: Death, life threatening incidents, hospitalizations (initial or prolonged), disability or permanent damage, congenital anomaly or birth defect, or an event that required intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage. Mean and standard deviation of Serious Adverse Events was recorded across groups. A lower number indicates fewer Serious Adverse Events.
Measured: 2months post-intervention
(A2) Activation Levels in Brain Circuits in Active and Sham Groups.
Brain activation change from pre-intervention to post-intervention was planned to be compard between active tDCS and sham groups. We hypothesized that the active tDCS group will have a larger increase in brain circuit engagement than the sham group and, thus, a better outcome.
Measured: 1-week post-intervention
(A3) Changes in Scaled Score on Digit Span Task.
Cognitive performance change was compared between active tDCS and sham groups. Cognitive performance change was defined as improvement on the WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS). Score was calculating by subtracting the DS scaled score at baseline from the DS scaled score at 2-Month Follow Up. We hypothesized that the active tDCS group will have a larger improvement in cognitive performance than the sham group. A higher number indicates a higher impact of cognitive training and, thus, a better outcome.
The DS Scaled Score has a range between 1 (min.) and 10 (max). Therefore, the computed difference between two DS Scaled Scores has a range of -9 (min.) to 9 (max.)
Measured: 2 months post-intervention
(A4) Number of Participants Who Relapsed After Intervention.
Relapse was defined as any illiciit drug use (whether reported by the patient or reported as a positive drug screen in study or medical records) that occurred at some point between study intervention and the final follow-up visit (2 months post-intervention). Relapse was measured with the Timeline Follow Back questionnaire, saliva drug screen at the study visit, and chart review of urine drug screens. Relapse was coded 0 (did not relapse during the study) or 1 (relapsed during the study). We hypothesized that the active tDCS group will have a lower relapse rate than the sham group. A higher number indicates a higher count of participants with a relapse.
Measured: 2 months post-intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
Changes in Scaled Score on Digit Symbol Task.
"Durability of cognitive training was defined as improvement on the WAIS-IV Digit Scale Symbol/Coding (CD) test. The improvement period was measured between baseline and the study completion (2 months post-intervention). The score was calculated by subtracting the CD scaled score at baseline from the CD Scaled Score at 2-months post-intervention. A higher number indicates a higher impact on cognitive abilities, and a better outcome.
The CD Scaled Score has a range between 1 (min.) and 10 (max). Therefore, the computed difference between two CD Scaled Scores has a range of -9 (min.) to 9 (max.)"
Measured: 2-months post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Aug 2020
- Study start11 Jan 2021
- Primary completion22 Feb 2022
- Study completion22 Feb 2022
Why it stopped: Did not reach N of participants needed
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Opioid-Related DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of MinnesotaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 9 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Minnesota
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Kelvin Lim, MD, Principal investigator, University of MinnesotaJazmin Camchong, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Minnesota
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04495673
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PSYCH-2018-26724
- Other IDs
- 1UG3DA048508-01
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 28 Jul 2020
- Last updated
- 10 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Combining Neuro-Imaging and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Clinical Intervention in Opioid Use Disorder
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04495673
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PSYCH-2018-26724
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Did not reach N of participants needed
- Enrolment
- 9 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MinnesotaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Study start
- 11 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Feb 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 10 Jul 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The overarching goal of this project is to expand the traditional expertise in non-invasive neuromodulation at the University of Minnesota towards developing novel paired-neuromodulation approaches using transcrancial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for new addiction treatments that support long-term abstinence. This study will investigate whether the pairing of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation and cognitive training can enhance functional connectivity between DLPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We have identified higher functional connectivity between DLPFC and NAcc in alcoholics that have successfully maintained abstinence for extended periods of time (7 years). This paired-neuromodulation approach can potentially be used as a therapeutic intervention to decrease substance use probability in addiction (e.g. opioid use disorder). The long term goal is to develop new addiction treatments that support long-term abstinence in opioid use disorder. The overall objective of this proposal is to enhance functional connectivity between DLPFC and NAcc as a therapeutic intervention to enhance cognition and reduce substance use rates in opioid use disorder.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| tDCS with Cognitive Training | Experimental | Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Behavioral: Cognitive TrainingDLPFC stimulation with tDCS with simultaneous cognitive training |
| Sham tDCS with Cognitive Training | Active comparator | Device: Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Behavioral: Cognitive TrainingSham tDCS with simultaneous cognitive training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Current diagnosis of opioid use disorder
- Enrolled in a methadone treatment program for at least 2 months in Hennepin Healthcare and be clinically stable.
- Meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder
- Participants may have current comorbid drug use, but their primary substance use disorder diagnosis must to be based on opioid use.
- Participants must have the intention to remain in the methadone treatment program until the end of the intervention portion of the study.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Any medical condition or treatment with neurological sequelae (i.e. stroke, tumor, loss of consciousness>30 min, HIV)
- Head injury resulting in a skull fracture or a loss of consciousness exceeding 30 minutes (i.e., moderate or severe TBI)
- Any contraindications for tDCS or MRI scanning (tDCS contraindication: actively receiving treatment for seizures or epilepsy; MRI contraindications; metal implants, pacemakers or any other implanted electrical device, injury with metal, braces, dental implants, non-removable body piercings, pregnancy, breathing or moving disorder)
- Current active psychosis or mania
- Presence of a condition that would render study measures difficult or impossible to administer or interpret (e.g. current mania, active psychosis)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Participants receive 10 sessions (2 5-visit blocks of 46 minutes) of active tDCS to DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) | Device | tDCS with Cognitive Training |
| Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Participants receive 10 sessions (1 5-visit block of 46 minutes of active tDCS and 1 5-visit block of sham tDCS) | Device | Sham tDCS with Cognitive Training |
| Cognitive TrainingExecutive functioning tasks | Behavioural | Sham tDCS with Cognitive Training, tDCS with Cognitive Training |
Primary outcome
(A1) Average Number of Serious Adverse Events in Active and Sham Groups.
Time frame: 2months post-intervention
Safety was defined as the prevalence of Serious Adverse Events for the study. Subjects were monitored for Serious Adverse Events from date of first intervention session until the final follow-up visit (2 months post-intevention). Subjects were monitored using the Symptom Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), Medication/Medical Update Interview, and medical chart review. Serious Adverse Events were defined as: Death, life threatening incidents, hospitalizations (initial or prolonged), disability or permanent damage, congenital anomaly or birth defect, or an event that required intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage. Mean and standard deviation of Serious Adverse Events was recorded across groups. A lower number indicates fewer Serious Adverse Events.
(A2) Activation Levels in Brain Circuits in Active and Sham Groups.
Time frame: 1-week post-intervention
Brain activation change from pre-intervention to post-intervention was planned to be compard between active tDCS and sham groups. We hypothesized that the active tDCS group will have a larger increase in brain circuit engagement than the sham group and, thus, a better outcome.
(A3) Changes in Scaled Score on Digit Span Task.
Time frame: 2 months post-intervention
Cognitive performance change was compared between active tDCS and sham groups. Cognitive performance change was defined as improvement on the WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS). Score was calculating by subtracting the DS scaled score at baseline from the DS scaled score at 2-Month Follow Up. We hypothesized that the active tDCS group will have a larger improvement in cognitive performance than the sham group. A higher number indicates a higher impact of cognitive training and, thus, a better outcome. The DS Scaled Score has a range between 1 (min.) and 10 (max). Therefore, the computed difference between two DS Scaled Scores has a range of -9 (min.) to 9 (max.)
(A4) Number of Participants Who Relapsed After Intervention.
Time frame: 2 months post-intervention
Relapse was defined as any illiciit drug use (whether reported by the patient or reported as a positive drug screen in study or medical records) that occurred at some point between study intervention and the final follow-up visit (2 months post-intervention). Relapse was measured with the Timeline Follow Back questionnaire, saliva drug screen at the study visit, and chart review of urine drug screens. Relapse was coded 0 (did not relapse during the study) or 1 (relapsed during the study). We hypothesized that the active tDCS group will have a lower relapse rate than the sham group. A higher number indicates a higher count of participants with a relapse.
1 secondary outcome
Changes in Scaled Score on Digit Symbol Task.
Time frame: 2-months post-intervention
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jul 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Kelvin Lim, MD principal investigator
University of Minnesota
Jazmin Camchong, PhD principal investigator
University of Minnesota
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Cognitive Training in people with Opioid-Related Disorders and Heroin Dependence, run by University of Minnesota at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 10 Jul 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
(A1) Average Number of Serious Adverse Events in Active and Sham Groups. (time frame: 2months post-intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jul 2025.