Borderline Personality DisorderBPDCONFLICTNCT04498104
Cognitive Conflict in Borderline Personality Disorder
An observational study of Borderline Personality Disorder, run by University of Barcelona at 3 sites in Spain.
Trial summary
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychological condition characterized by emotional, interpersonal and self-image instability in addition to impulsive behaviour. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Psychological assessment
- How many people
- 156 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesSpain
- Study dates
- 2 Apr 2019to 1 Mar 2022
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Study Population: The borderline personality group will be formed by participants diagnosed with BPD that receive treatment from outpatient or inpatient public and private mental health facilities in the local area of Barcelona, Spain (CSMA Benito Menni, ITA - especialistas en salud mental and ITLímit). The control group will be formed by healthy volunteers of a student sample from the University of Barcelona and a nonstudent community sample who were not receiving psychotherapy when evaluated. These participants will be matched by age, gender and educational level with the clinical sample.
Who may be able to join
- Aged between 18 and 60 years old.
- Having been diagnosed with BPD by a well-trained professional according to DSM-5 criteria.
Who cannot join
- Having been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, prevalent continued and active substance abuse, disabling physical illness, organic cerebral dysfunctions or mental developmental severe difficulties.
- Not able to communicate either in Spanish or Catalan.
- Presence of other comorbid conditions such as other personality disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, depression or non-disabling physical illness, will not be an exclusion motive, but will be recorded for statistical control purposes.
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country.
Spain3 sites
ITA - especialistas en salud mental
Barcelona, 08006
CSMA Bennito Menni - (Germanes Hospitalaries)
Barcelona, 08035
ITLimit
Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195
About this study
Official title: Analysis of Personal Constructs in Borderline Personality Disorder and Its Relation With Severity and Therapeutic Outcome
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychological condition characterized by emotional, interpersonal and self-image instability in addition to impulsive behaviour. Although there have been several explanatory models and psychotherapy approaches that have been designed to comprehend and intervene on BPD, most seem not to recognize idiosyncratic cognitive conflict as an important feature on this disorder. Adding personal dilemmas, such as those conceptualized in personal construct theory, as a key element to BPD's explanatory model could provide a better picture to understand this disorder and possibly to enhance effectiveness of current psychotherapy approaches. Despite the fact that constructivist explanatory models have been used and tested in several clinical populations, there is little work done studying the relevance of inner conflicts in BPD. According to the prototypical symptomatology manifested by these patients, psychological instability can be assumed as a transversal feature present in this disorder; therefore, a larger amount of cognitive conflict can be expected in BPD patients.
Method and Analysis: In order to test this assumption, this study aims to examine the characteristics of the interpersonal cognitive system of patients diagnosed with BPD and note their potential differences with the general population using the repertory grid technique, a complex assessment tool derived from personal construct theory. Statistical analyses will be performed to examine whether the clinical sample tends to present with more cases and with higher number of cognitive conflicts than the control group. Likewise, the association between cognitive conflict and symptom severity will be explored. Results will be a first step to determine if cognitive conflicts have an important role in the explanation of BPD. This will also help to value the convenience to further investigate the efficacy of conflict resolution psychotherapy interventions with these patients. This research work is undertaken in the context of a funded predoctoral research program.
Read the detailed description
Out of all personality disorders, BPD is one of the most life-threatening and psychological distressful due the symptomatic manifestation of impulsive behavior along with emotional, interpersonal and self-image instability. Suicidality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) rates in this population are extremely high, and worrying for the families and mental health professionals. Over the last decades, BPD has obtained broad attention and many psychological treatments have been proposed to deal with its main symptoms. Although some treatments have been proven to be empirically effective in some domains, clearly not all experienced symptoms are successfully targeted, and some cases seem not to be helped even when treated by the more efficacious approaches. Perhaps, the explanatory models from which these psychotherapies emerge could have underestimated important aspects such as personal dilemmas.
Cognitive conflict has been defined and conceptualized by different psychological orientations, but only a few have included this phenomenon as an influential factor in the understanding of the origin and nature of psychological disorders and their psychotherapy proposals. Those that have considered inner conflicts have mainly focused on theoretical based dilemmas the academics would perceive relevant or common instead of exploring potential ideographic conflicts patients may have.
Being a disorder that is noticeably characterized by identity disturbances, finding relevant unresolved cognitive conflicts regarding self and others in these patients is expected. Addressing these issues could be potentially useful to further develop an explanatory model for this disorder as well as to increase therapeutic resources to help with these unattended potential necessities.
The central aim of this research is to assess cognitive conflicts in BPD diagnosed individuals to determine their role in the explanatory model of this disorder. These findings would permit the consideration of adapting a dilemma-focused intervention module which could complement existing treatments for these patients. In addition, exploring other characteristics of self-construction and the construction of others that are assessed with the RGT would be of interest. The specific objectives of this study are:
- To test the hypothesis that patients with BPD present more cognitive conflicts (i.e., implicative dilemmas and dilemmatic constructs) than a general population sample.
- To explore the content of cognitive conflicts in patients with BPD.
- To examine whether presence and/or frequency of cognitive conflicts is associated with severity of emotional symptoms in BPD patients.
- To explore whether the presence and number of cognitive conflicts has any capacity to predict treatment outcome.
- To examine the relevance of other aspects of the construction of the self and others to explain the psychological functioning of patients with a BPD diagnosis.
The hypothesis of this study are:
- The percentage of participants with implicative dilemmas and/or dilemmatic constructs will be superior in the group of patients diagnosed with BPD compared to a control group (community sample).
- The number of implicative dilemmas and/or dilemmatic constructs will be higher in the BPD group than in the control group.
- Presence and higher number of cognitive conflicts will be associated with greater levels of general clinical symptomatology (such as depression, anxiety, etc.).
- Presence and higher number of individual cognitive conflicts will predict poor treatment outcome one year after the initial assessment.
For exploratory purposes, the content of implicative dilemmas and dilemmatic constructs will be studied, as well as the differences with the control group regarding self-construction measures (self-ideal discrepancy, self-others discrepancy, ideal-others discrepancy) and other characteristics of the construction system (interpersonal cognitive differentiation and polarization) and its association with other clinical and sociodemographic variables.
- Conditions
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Being tested
- Psychological assessment
- Keywords
- Repertory grid technique, Predictors of outcome, Implicative dilemma, Dilemmatic construct, Personal Construct Theory
- Medical subject headings
- Borderline Personality Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Psychological assessmentOther
Psychological assessment with the repertory grid technique (RGT) in order to quantify cognitive conflicts.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Borderline Personality Disorder | Borderline personality disorder diagnosed participants Receives: Other: Psychological assessment | |
| Control | Healthy participants Receives: Other: Psychological assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Implicative dilemma
The repertory grid technique (RGT) is a personalized assessment procedure using a structured interview designed to make explicit the personal constructs (bipolar dimensions of subjective meaning) used to interpret and organize reality. An implicative dilemma can be identified when an individual does not perform a desired change due to the negative implications involved for their desired identity. The RGT can detect personal constructs in which the current perception of the self is similar to the ideal self (congruent constructs) and the constructs in which the subject's self-perception is contrary to their ideal construction (discrepant construct). A statistical analysis of the RGT reveals when a potential pole shift of a discrepant construct involves the pole shift of a congruent construct due to an existing association between the two constructs. Implicative dilemmas may cause dissatisfaction and psychological discomfort.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Dilemmatic construct
Dilemmatic constructs can be identified when an individual is not sure how would they like to be in a certain identity aspect. This type of cognitive conflict can be assessed and analyzed with the RGT in order to identify self-construction domains in which the person may find it difficult to choose how to ideally be. Indecision in regard to identity can add psychological distress to those who experience it.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Secondary outcomes (4)
Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines - Revised (DIB-R)
It is a structured interview that helps to identify the potential presence of BPD by assessing 22 common statements for BPD patients. It explores aspects related to affectivity, cognition, impulsivity patterns and interpersonal relationships. The test provides an overall score from 0 to 10 that determines presence or absence of BPD (6 or higher indicates presence).
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-II (SCID-II)
It is a structured assessment interview aimed to identify the potential presence or absence of the personality disorders defined by the DSM-IV criteria. After completion, results show how many diagnostic criteria are met by the interviewee for each of the 13 personality disorder assesed. When evaluating BPD, scores can go from 0 to 9 (5 or higher indicates presence).
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM)
It is a self-report questionnaire formed by 34 items (18 in the reduced version) that aims to assess the clinical state of the person in the following four dimensions: subjective well-being, problem/symptoms, general functioning and risk. All scales and an overall measure are computed in order to obtain scores that rank from 0 to 4 (higher scores indicates worse outcome).
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)
It is a questionnaire created to quickly evaluate levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Respondents must score in a scale from 0 to 3 to describe the intensity or frequency they experienced about 21 different clinical symptoms during the previous week. Punctuations oscillate between 0 and 63 (higher scores indicates worse outcome).
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Aug 2020
- Study start2 Apr 2019
- Primary completion1 Mar 2021
- Study completion1 Mar 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Borderline Personality DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 156 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Barcelona
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Guillem Feixas, University of Barcelona
- Investigators
- Guillem Feixas, Professor, Principal investigator, University of Barcelona
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04498104
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UBipcsBPD1
- Acronym
- BPDCONFLICT
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 30 Jul 2020
- Last updated
- 18 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Feixas G, Saul LA, Avila-Espada A. Viewing Cognitive Conflicts as Dilemmas: Implications for Mental Health. J Constr Psychol. 2009 Apr;22(2):141-169. doi: 10.1080/10720530802675755. Epub 2009 Feb 18.
PubMed 22629109Montesano A, Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Saul LA, Feixas G. A review of cognitive conflicts research: a meta-analytic study of prevalence and relation to symptoms. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Dec 4;11:2997-3006. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S91861. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 26675503Feixas G, Compan V. Dilemma-focused intervention for unipolar depression: a treatment manual. BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 12;16:235. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0947-x.
PubMed 27406383Feixas G, Bados A, Garcia-Grau E, Paz C, Montesano A, Compan V, Salla M, Aguilera M, Trujillo A, Canete J, Medeiros-Ferreira L, Soriano J, Ibarra M, Medina JC, Ortiz E, Lana F. A DILEMMA-FOCUSED INTERVENTION FOR DEPRESSION: A MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH A 3-MONTH FOLLOW-UP. Depress Anxiety. 2016 Sep;33(9):862-9. doi: 10.1002/da.22510. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
PubMed 27103215Feixas G, Paz C, Garcia-Grau E, Montesano A, Medina JC, Bados A, Trujillo A, Ortiz E, Compan V, Salla M, Aguilera M, Guasch V, Codina J, Winter DA. One-year follow-up of a randomized trial with a dilemma-focused intervention for depression: Exploring an alternative to problem-oriented strategies. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 13;13(12):e0208245. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208245. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 30543642Paz C, Montesano A, Winter D, Feixas G. Cognitive conflict resolution during psychotherapy: Its impact on depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Psychother Res. 2019 Jan;29(1):45-57. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1405172. Epub 2017 Nov 26.
PubMed 29173128Feixas G, Saul LA. The Multi-Center Dilemma Project: an investigation on the role of cognitive conflicts in health. Span J Psychol. 2004 May;7(1):69-78. doi: 10.1017/s1138741600004765.
PubMed 15139250Storebo OJ, Stoffers-Winterling JM, Vollm BA, Kongerslev MT, Mattivi JT, Jorgensen MS, Faltinsen E, Todorovac A, Sales CP, Callesen HE, Lieb K, Simonsen E. Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5(5):CD012955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012955.pub2.
PubMed 32368793
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Analysis of Personal Constructs in Borderline Personality Disorder and Its Relation With Severity and Therapeutic Outcome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04498104
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BPDCONFLICT / UBipcsBPD1
- Conditions
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Keywords
- Repertory grid technique, Predictors of outcome, Implicative dilemma, Dilemmatic construct, Personal Construct Theory
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 156 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of BarcelonaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychological condition characterized by emotional, interpersonal and self-image instability in addition to impulsive behaviour. Although there have been several explanatory models and psychotherapy approaches that have been designed to comprehend and intervene on BPD, most seem not to recognize idiosyncratic cognitive conflict as an important feature on this disorder. Adding personal dilemmas, such as those conceptualized in personal construct theory, as a key element to BPD's explanatory model could provide a better picture to understand this disorder and possibly to enhance effectiveness of current psychotherapy approaches. Despite the fact that constructivist explanatory models have been used and tested in several clinical populations, there is little work done studying the relevance of inner conflicts in BPD. According to the prototypical symptomatology manifested by these patients, psychological instability can be assumed as a transversal feature present in this disorder; therefore, a larger amount of cognitive conflict can be expected in BPD patients.
Method and Analysis: In order to test this assumption, this study aims to examine the characteristics of the interpersonal cognitive system of patients diagnosed with BPD and note their potential differences with the general population using the repertory grid technique, a complex assessment tool derived from personal construct theory. Statistical analyses will be performed to examine whether the clinical sample tends to present with more cases and with higher number of cognitive conflicts than the control group. Likewise, the association between cognitive conflict and symptom severity will be explored. Results will be a first step to determine if cognitive conflicts have an important role in the explanation of BPD. This will also help to value the convenience to further investigate the efficacy of conflict resolution psychotherapy interventions with these patients. This research work is undertaken in the context of a funded predoctoral research program.
Detailed description
Out of all personality disorders, BPD is one of the most life-threatening and psychological distressful due the symptomatic manifestation of impulsive behavior along with emotional, interpersonal and self-image instability. Suicidality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) rates in this population are extremely high, and worrying for the families and mental health professionals. Over the last decades, BPD has obtained broad attention and many psychological treatments have been proposed to deal with its main symptoms. Although some treatments have been proven to be empirically effective in some domains, clearly not all experienced symptoms are successfully targeted, and some cases seem not to be helped even when treated by the more efficacious approaches. Perhaps, the explanatory models from which these psychotherapies emerge could have underestimated important aspects such as personal dilemmas.
Cognitive conflict has been defined and conceptualized by different psychological orientations, but only a few have included this phenomenon as an influential factor in the understanding of the origin and nature of psychological disorders and their psychotherapy proposals. Those that have considered inner conflicts have mainly focused on theoretical based dilemmas the academics would perceive relevant or common instead of exploring potential ideographic conflicts patients may have.
Being a disorder that is noticeably characterized by identity disturbances, finding relevant unresolved cognitive conflicts regarding self and others in these patients is expected. Addressing these issues could be potentially useful to further develop an explanatory model for this disorder as well as to increase therapeutic resources to help with these unattended potential necessities.
The central aim of this research is to assess cognitive conflicts in BPD diagnosed individuals to determine their role in the explanatory model of this disorder. These findings would permit the consideration of adapting a dilemma-focused intervention module which could complement existing treatments for these patients. In addition, exploring other characteristics of self-construction and the construction of others that are assessed with the RGT would be of interest. The specific objectives of this study are:
- To test the hypothesis that patients with BPD present more cognitive conflicts (i.e., implicative dilemmas and dilemmatic constructs) than a general population sample.
- To explore the content of cognitive conflicts in patients with BPD.
- To examine whether presence and/or frequency of cognitive conflicts is associated with severity of emotional symptoms in BPD patients.
- To explore whether the presence and number of cognitive conflicts has any capacity to predict treatment outcome.
- To examine the relevance of other aspects of the construction of the self and others to explain the psychological functioning of patients with a BPD diagnosis.
The hypothesis of this study are:
- The percentage of participants with implicative dilemmas and/or dilemmatic constructs will be superior in the group of patients diagnosed with BPD compared to a control group (community sample).
- The number of implicative dilemmas and/or dilemmatic constructs will be higher in the BPD group than in the control group.
- Presence and higher number of cognitive conflicts will be associated with greater levels of general clinical symptomatology (such as depression, anxiety, etc.).
- Presence and higher number of individual cognitive conflicts will predict poor treatment outcome one year after the initial assessment.
For exploratory purposes, the content of implicative dilemmas and dilemmatic constructs will be studied, as well as the differences with the control group regarding self-construction measures (self-ideal discrepancy, self-others discrepancy, ideal-others discrepancy) and other characteristics of the construction system (interpersonal cognitive differentiation and polarization) and its association with other clinical and sociodemographic variables.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Borderline Personality Disorder | – | Other: Psychological assessmentBorderline personality disorder diagnosed participants |
| Control | – | Other: Psychological assessmentHealthy participants |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Study Population: The borderline personality group will be formed by participants diagnosed with BPD that receive treatment from outpatient or inpatient public and private mental health facilities in the local area of Barcelona, Spain (CSMA Benito Menni, ITA - especialistas en salud mental and ITLímit). The control group will be formed by healthy volunteers of a student sample from the University of Barcelona and a nonstudent community sample who were not receiving psychotherapy when evaluated. These participants will be matched by age, gender and educational level with the clinical sample.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Aged between 18 and 60 years old.
- Having been diagnosed with BPD by a well-trained professional according to DSM-5 criteria.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, prevalent continued and active substance abuse, disabling physical illness, organic cerebral dysfunctions or mental developmental severe difficulties.
- Not able to communicate either in Spanish or Catalan.
- Presence of other comorbid conditions such as other personality disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, depression or non-disabling physical illness, will not be an exclusion motive, but will be recorded for statistical control purposes.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological assessmentPsychological assessment with the repertory grid technique (RGT) in order to quantify cognitive conflicts. | Other | Borderline Personality Disorder, Control |
Primary outcome
Implicative dilemma
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
The repertory grid technique (RGT) is a personalized assessment procedure using a structured interview designed to make explicit the personal constructs (bipolar dimensions of subjective meaning) used to interpret and organize reality. An implicative dilemma can be identified when an individual does not perform a desired change due to the negative implications involved for their desired identity. The RGT can detect personal constructs in which the current perception of the self is similar to the ideal self (congruent constructs) and the constructs in which the subject's self-perception is contrary to their ideal construction (discrepant construct). A statistical analysis of the RGT reveals when a potential pole shift of a discrepant construct involves the pole shift of a congruent construct due to an existing association between the two constructs. Implicative dilemmas may cause dissatisfaction and psychological discomfort.
Dilemmatic construct
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Dilemmatic constructs can be identified when an individual is not sure how would they like to be in a certain identity aspect. This type of cognitive conflict can be assessed and analyzed with the RGT in order to identify self-construction domains in which the person may find it difficult to choose how to ideally be. Indecision in regard to identity can add psychological distress to those who experience it.
4 secondary outcomes
Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines - Revised (DIB-R)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-II (SCID-II)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 May 2022.
- Background: PubMed 22629109Feixas G, Saul LA, Avila-Espada A. Viewing Cognitive Conflicts as Dilemmas: Implications for Mental Health. J Constr Psychol. 2009 Apr;22(2):141-169. doi: 10.1080/10720530802675755. Epub 2009 Feb 18.
- Background: PubMed 26675503Montesano A, Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Saul LA, Feixas G. A review of cognitive conflicts research: a meta-analytic study of prevalence and relation to symptoms. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Dec 4;11:2997-3006. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S91861. eCollection 2015.
- Background: PubMed 27406383Feixas G, Compan V. Dilemma-focused intervention for unipolar depression: a treatment manual. BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 12;16:235. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0947-x.
- Background: PubMed 27103215Feixas G, Bados A, Garcia-Grau E, Paz C, Montesano A, Compan V, Salla M, Aguilera M, Trujillo A, Canete J, Medeiros-Ferreira L, Soriano J, Ibarra M, Medina JC, Ortiz E, Lana F. A DILEMMA-FOCUSED INTERVENTION FOR DEPRESSION: A MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH A 3-MONTH FOLLOW-UP. Depress Anxiety. 2016 Sep;33(9):862-9. doi: 10.1002/da.22510. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
- Background: PubMed 30543642Feixas G, Paz C, Garcia-Grau E, Montesano A, Medina JC, Bados A, Trujillo A, Ortiz E, Compan V, Salla M, Aguilera M, Guasch V, Codina J, Winter DA. One-year follow-up of a randomized trial with a dilemma-focused intervention for depression: Exploring an alternative to problem-oriented strategies. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 13;13(12):e0208245. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208245. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 29173128Paz C, Montesano A, Winter D, Feixas G. Cognitive conflict resolution during psychotherapy: Its impact on depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Psychother Res. 2019 Jan;29(1):45-57. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1405172. Epub 2017 Nov 26.
- Background: PubMed 15139250Feixas G, Saul LA. The Multi-Center Dilemma Project: an investigation on the role of cognitive conflicts in health. Span J Psychol. 2004 May;7(1):69-78. doi: 10.1017/s1138741600004765.
- Background: PubMed 32368793Storebo OJ, Stoffers-Winterling JM, Vollm BA, Kongerslev MT, Mattivi JT, Jorgensen MS, Faltinsen E, Todorovac A, Sales CP, Callesen HE, Lieb K, Simonsen E. Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5(5):CD012955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012955.pub2.
- Link to our research group webpage "Intervention in Clinical and Health Psychology"Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Guillem Feixas, Professor principal investigator
University of Barcelona
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Borderline Personality Disorder, run by University of Barcelona at 3 sites in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Implicative dilemma (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04498104, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 May 2022; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 29 Oct 2026.