Cardiac Acute Transitioning Care to Home (CATCH) App Data Repository

Approximately 40,000 infants are born each year with congenital heart disease (CHD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infancy. Progress in surgical, transcatheter, and medical management of newborn CHD has significantly reduced mortality. The CHAMP app (separate IRB # 15030113) has helped to transition high-risk infants with single ventricle congenital heart disease out of the hospital and to second stage cardiac surgery at Children's Mercy Hospital and across the United States with improved survival. Remote monitoring technology and telemedicine is a critical tool to aid clinical care for high risk children with congenital heart disease but has been limited to the single ventricle population in most cases. The benefits of this tool as a standard of care for other children transitioning home may include decreased readmissions, improved weight gain, and remote monitoring for reduced throughput in the emergency room, hospital, and clinic settings. To improve outcomes beyond mortality and into morbidity with other high-risk patients with congenital heart disease, future studies must assess morbidities and quality of outcomes with the application of remote home monitoring with applications like the CHAMP app.

Patients that are discharging from the hospital after complex congenital heart disease surgery and cardiac catheterization are at high risk of events. Adverse outcomes in the year after discharge are of similar magnitude to mortality in hospital and are not only with infants with single ventricle heart disease but may include infants and children that were hospitalized more than 30 days, readmitted to intensive care unit more than once, smaller size for age, younger age at surgery, shunt dependent for pulmonary blood flow, congenital heart disease with complexities such as neurological conditions and supplemental enteral feedings gastrostomy. Over a 6-year period, 6.7% (514/7976) children experienced adverse events including mortality in a report from England after initial discharge from cardiac surgery. In a review of our similar patients from Children's Mercy we have noted a 5.8% mortality in this population.

There is additional focus on expanding transition care in the pediatric cardiac population beyond 30 days after discharge as traditionally followed by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons as a marker of well-state (traditionally 8.3%) and onto 90 days (21% of additional readmissions) to 1 year after discharge. Children had unplanned hospital readmissions during the first year after cardiac surgery that were between 31 and 90 days after discharge that could have possibly been prevented with the aid of remote technology in additional to ambulatory care by a specialized advanced practice nurse. Higher rates of readmissions were seen with those in lower socioeconomic areas (through zip codes), living closer to the hospital (potentially a marker of access to care and rurality), higher STAT category, longer intubation, and longer ICU length of stay were all markers for higher risk of later readmission after 31 days of discharge.

Combining the advancements with CHAMP app with the expert care teams with advanced practice nurses, a new standard of care for an expanded group of high-risk infants and children transitioning home after cardiac surgery and in-hospital care can be established. The research and ability to improve the understanding of how this process can be applied to an expanded population that has been identified as high risk is key for implementation and sustainability of a high risk transition care program.