HealthyNCT04505124
The Effect of an mHealth Intervention on Physical Activity and Nutrition: the FutureMe Trial
A study testing FutureMe App and Conventional TrackingApp in people with Healthy, run by Annette Mönninghoff at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which investigates the effect of a Future-Self Avatar intervention (FutureMe App) on physical activity (PA) and nutrition. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and principles from consumer behavior theory were used to guide the development of the intervention. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- FutureMe App and Conventional TrackingApp
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 95 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- 17 Nov 2020to 30 Apr 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Living in Switzerland
- German speaking
- Participating in at least one grocery loyalty program (Migros Cumulus and/or Coop SuperCard)
- Apple or Android smartphone
- Healthy (self-declaration)
Who cannot join
- <18 years
- Increasing PA or adjusting nutrition creates health risk (e.g. diabetic)
- Not living in Switzerland
- Not German speaking
- Not using a grocery loyalty card
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of a Future-Self Avatar mHealth Intervention on Physical Activity and Nutrition: the FutureMe Randomized Controlled Trial
This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which investigates the effect of a Future-Self Avatar intervention (FutureMe App) on physical activity (PA) and nutrition. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and principles from consumer behavior theory were used to guide the development of the intervention.
The study investigates the impact of avatar-based interventions on PA and food purchasing behavior and aims to understand if avatars can help increase the stand-alone effectiveness of mHealth interventions.
Read the detailed description
Consumer behavior is a key determinant for chronic disease risk. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are promising in addressing the rise in risky lifestyle behaviors, as they can be leveraged in large population samples without high human resource or monetary requirements. However, research shows that mHealth technologies are less effective when used stand-alone, meaning without intervention components that require human to human interaction. Leveraging virtual reality in mHealth applications could help increase their stand-alone effectiveness.
Building on behavioral biases, and the health-action-process approach (HAPA), this trial investigates the use of a future-self avatar smartphone intervention (FutureMe app) on consumers' physical activity and food purchasing behavior. A 12-week field experiment aims to show that avatar-based health applications can support behavior change towards more active lifestyles and healthier food choices.
The FutureMe trial has the following objectives:
- To understand if avatar-based applications are more effective in promoting physical activity and improving food purchasing behavior compared to conventional tracking applications.
- To understand if providing individualized shopping tips promotes self-efficacy.
- To understand if providing consequential health behavior feedback increases behavior- related control over future health (outcome expectancy).
- To understand if avatar-based applications increase intrinsic motivation compared to conventional health-tracking applications.
- To understand if self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, user engagement or specific types of motivation moderate the effect on PA and foor purchasing.
The study participants recruitment process is supported by a large Swiss health insurance company. The insurer only provides access to potential study participants and is not involved in the design or execution of the study. The insurer has no access to participant study data. Participants are randomized into two groups and either receive the innovative FutureMe intervention or a control intervention consisting of a more conventional nutrition and physical activity tracking app (numeric feedback). Participants will download the respective apps to their personal mobile phone.
Step counts and food purchasing data is collected continuously throughout the trial. The respective psychological constructs (see outcome overview) are collected at baseline and after 12 weeks (end of intervention) via an online questionnaire.
The results of this study enable the evidence-based development of scalable interventions for sustainable physical activity and nutrition behavior change and advance the understanding of the psychological processes behind health behavior change.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- FutureMe App, Conventional TrackingApp
- Keywords
- mHealth, Physical Activity, Nutrition, Motivation, Self-competence, Self-efficacy, Perceived behavior related control, Avatar, Randomized controlled trial
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
FutureMe AppBehavioural
The FutureMe app provides visual and consequential feedback through a future-self avatar, meaning that the avatar changes its body shape and some additional characteristics based on the participants' activity and food purchasing behaviors. The app tracks participants physical activity behavior (steps) by means of their smartphone (integration to GoogleFit and AppleHealth) and motivates them to increase their step counts. The app also connects to participants' grocery loyalty cards to evaluate their food shopping behavior leveraging the Nutri-score concept. The app motivates participants to improve their food purchases through concrete shopping tips provided in-app.
Conventional TrackingAppBehavioural
The Control Conventional Tracking app provides numeric and factual feedback through conventional data-dashboards. The app tracks participants physical activity behavior (steps) by means of their smartphone (integration to GoogleFit and AppleHealth) and motivates them to increase their step counts. The app also connects to participants' grocery loyalty cards to evaluate their food shopping behavior leveraging the Nutri-score concept. The app motivates participants to improve their food purchases through concrete shopping tips provided in-app.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| FutureMe | Experimental | Participants use the FutureMe app for 12 weeks. The app has the following functionality:
* Opportunity to personalize one's avatar
* Tracking of PA (steps) and nutrition (purchasing behavior at food retailers)
* Feedback on health behaviors represented through a Future-self avatar (consequential and visual feedback)
* Individualized shopping tipps Receives: Behavioral: FutureMe App |
| Control | Active comparator | Participants use the a control app for 12 weeks. The control app has the following functionality:
* Tracking of PA (steps) and nutrition (purchasing behavior at food retailers)
* Feedback on health behaviors represented through conventional dashboards (numeric \& text feedback)
* Individualized shopping tipps Receives: Behavioral: Conventional TrackingApp |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Physical Activity
Steps will be measured daily via the GoogleFit or Apple Health application using the Smartphone's built-in accelerometer.
Measured: 12 weeks
Nutri-Score
Nutri-Score calculated based on total food purchases; Minimum Value: -15 (A=Very Good), Maximum Value: 40 (E=Very Bad). Nutriscore will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (13)
Food Purchasing Behavior - Salt
Salt in grams (g) per 100g food purchases (based on loyalty card data). Salt purchases will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: 12 weeks
Food Purchasing Behavior - Proteins
Proteins in grams (g) per 100g food purchases (based on loyalty card data). Protein purchases will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: Continuous measurement during study (12 weeks)
Food Purchasing Behavior - Fibers
Fibers in grams (g) per 100g food purchases (based on loyalty card data). Fiber purchases will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: Continuous measurement during study (12 weeks)
Food Purchasing Behavior - Saturated Fats
Saturated Fats in grams (g) per 100g food purchases (based on loyalty card data). Saturated fat purchases will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: Continuous measurement during study (12 weeks)
User Engagement 1
Number of app openings during 12 week intervention period. App openings will be measured daily directly via tracking mechanisms in the app.
Measured: 12 weeks from beginning to end of intervention
User Engagement 2
Time spent in app measured in seconds during 12 week intervention period. Time spent in app will be measured daily directly via tracking mechanisms in the app.
Measured: 12 weeks from beginning to end of intervention
Food Purchasing Behavior - Fruit & Vegetable Purchases
Fruits and Vegetables in grams (g) per 100g food purchases (based on loyalty card data). Fruit and Vegetable purchases will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: 12 weeks
Food Purchasing Behavior - Sugar (excluding Fructose & Lactose)
Sugar in grams (g) per 100g food purchases (based on loyalty card data). Sugar purchases will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
Measured: 12 weeks
Motivational Self-Efficacy
Motivational Self-Efficacy scale adjusted from Schwarzer et al. 2007; Minimum Value: 1 (totally disagree), Maximum Value: 7 (totally agree)
Measured: 12 weeks
Recovery Self-Efficacy
Recovery Self-Efficacy scale adjusted from Schwarzer et al. 2007; Minimum Value: 1 (totally disagree), Maximum Value: 7 (totally agree)
Measured: 12 weeks
Perceived behavior-related control over future health
Perceived behavior-related control scale adjusted from Renner and Schwarzer, 2005; Minimum Value: 1 (totally disagree), Maximum Value: 7 (totally agree)
Measured: 12 weeks
Autonomous Motivation
Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ); Minimum Value: 1 (totally disagree), Maximum Value: 7 (totally agree)
Measured: 12 weeks
Controlled Motivation
Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ); Minimum Value: 1 (totally disagree), Maximum Value: 7 (totally agree)
Measured: 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Aug 2020
- Study start17 Nov 2020
- Primary completion9 Mar 2021
- Study completion30 Apr 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Annette Mönninghoff
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Helsana Zusatzversicherungen AG, ETH Zurich
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Annette Mönninghoff, University of St.Gallen
- Investigators
- Annette Mönninghoff, Principal investigator, University of St. Gallen, Institute for Customer Insight
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04505124
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FSA2020
- Status last verified
- May 2021
- First submitted
- 26 Jun 2020
- Last updated
- 6 May 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Based on the data privacy statement of the study and the ethic's commission application, data cannot be analyzed or shared on an individual participant basis.
Publications
Steinemann N, Grize L, Ziesemer K, Kauf P, Probst-Hensch N, Brombach C. Relative validation of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate food intake in an adult population. Food Nutr Res. 2017 Mar 29;61(1):1305193. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1305193. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28469546Schwarzer R, Schuz B, Ziegelmann JP, Lippke S, Luszczynska A, Scholz U. Adoption and maintenance of four health behaviors: theory-guided longitudinal studies on dental flossing, seat belt use, dietary behavior, and physical activity. Ann Behav Med. 2007 Apr;33(2):156-66. doi: 10.1007/BF02879897.
PubMed 17447868Monninghoff A, Fuchs K, Wu J, Albert J, Mayer S. The Effect of a Future-Self Avatar Mobile Health Intervention (FutureMe) on Physical Activity and Food Purchases: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Jul 7;24(7):e32487. doi: 10.2196/32487.
PubMed 35797104
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 May 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of a Future-Self Avatar mHealth Intervention on Physical Activity and Nutrition: the FutureMe Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04505124
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FSA2020
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- mHealth, Physical Activity, Nutrition, Motivation, Self-competence, Self-efficacy, Perceived behavior related control, Avatar
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Annette MönninghoffUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Helsana Zusatzversicherungen AG, ETH Zurich
- Study start
- 17 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 9 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which investigates the effect of a Future-Self Avatar intervention (FutureMe App) on physical activity (PA) and nutrition. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and principles from consumer behavior theory were used to guide the development of the intervention.
The study investigates the impact of avatar-based interventions on PA and food purchasing behavior and aims to understand if avatars can help increase the stand-alone effectiveness of mHealth interventions.
Detailed description
Consumer behavior is a key determinant for chronic disease risk. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are promising in addressing the rise in risky lifestyle behaviors, as they can be leveraged in large population samples without high human resource or monetary requirements. However, research shows that mHealth technologies are less effective when used stand-alone, meaning without intervention components that require human to human interaction. Leveraging virtual reality in mHealth applications could help increase their stand-alone effectiveness.
Building on behavioral biases, and the health-action-process approach (HAPA), this trial investigates the use of a future-self avatar smartphone intervention (FutureMe app) on consumers' physical activity and food purchasing behavior. A 12-week field experiment aims to show that avatar-based health applications can support behavior change towards more active lifestyles and healthier food choices.
The FutureMe trial has the following objectives:
- To understand if avatar-based applications are more effective in promoting physical activity and improving food purchasing behavior compared to conventional tracking applications.
- To understand if providing individualized shopping tips promotes self-efficacy.
- To understand if providing consequential health behavior feedback increases behavior- related control over future health (outcome expectancy).
- To understand if avatar-based applications increase intrinsic motivation compared to conventional health-tracking applications.
- To understand if self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, user engagement or specific types of motivation moderate the effect on PA and foor purchasing.
The study participants recruitment process is supported by a large Swiss health insurance company. The insurer only provides access to potential study participants and is not involved in the design or execution of the study. The insurer has no access to participant study data. Participants are randomized into two groups and either receive the innovative FutureMe intervention or a control intervention consisting of a more conventional nutrition and physical activity tracking app (numeric feedback). Participants will download the respective apps to their personal mobile phone.
Step counts and food purchasing data is collected continuously throughout the trial. The respective psychological constructs (see outcome overview) are collected at baseline and after 12 weeks (end of intervention) via an online questionnaire.
The results of this study enable the evidence-based development of scalable interventions for sustainable physical activity and nutrition behavior change and advance the understanding of the psychological processes behind health behavior change.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| FutureMe | Experimental | Behavioral: FutureMe AppParticipants use the FutureMe app for 12 weeks. The app has the following functionality: * Opportunity to personalize one's avatar * Tracking of PA (steps) and nutrition (purchasing behavior at food retailers) * Feedback on health behaviors represented through a Future-self avatar (consequential and visual feedback) * Individualized shopping tipps |
| Control | Active comparator | Behavioral: Conventional TrackingAppParticipants use the a control app for 12 weeks. The control app has the following functionality: * Tracking of PA (steps) and nutrition (purchasing behavior at food retailers) * Feedback on health behaviors represented through conventional dashboards (numeric \& text feedback) * Individualized shopping tipps |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Living in Switzerland
- German speaking
- Participating in at least one grocery loyalty program (Migros Cumulus and/or Coop SuperCard)
- Apple or Android smartphone
- Healthy (self-declaration)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- <18 years
- Increasing PA or adjusting nutrition creates health risk (e.g. diabetic)
- Not living in Switzerland
- Not German speaking
- Not using a grocery loyalty card
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| FutureMe AppThe FutureMe app provides visual and consequential feedback through a future-self avatar, meaning that the avatar changes its body shape and some additional characteristics based on the participants' activity and food purchasing behaviors. The app tracks participants physical activity behavior (steps) by means of their smartphone (integration to GoogleFit and AppleHealth) and motivates them to increase their step counts. The app also connects to participants' grocery loyalty cards to evaluate their food shopping behavior leveraging the Nutri-score concept. The app motivates participants to improve their food purchases through concrete shopping tips provided in-app. | Behavioural | FutureMe |
| Conventional TrackingAppThe Control Conventional Tracking app provides numeric and factual feedback through conventional data-dashboards. The app tracks participants physical activity behavior (steps) by means of their smartphone (integration to GoogleFit and AppleHealth) and motivates them to increase their step counts. The app also connects to participants' grocery loyalty cards to evaluate their food shopping behavior leveraging the Nutri-score concept. The app motivates participants to improve their food purchases through concrete shopping tips provided in-app. | Behavioural | Control |
Primary outcome
Physical Activity
Time frame: 12 weeks
Steps will be measured daily via the GoogleFit or Apple Health application using the Smartphone's built-in accelerometer.
Nutri-Score
Time frame: 12 weeks
Nutri-Score calculated based on total food purchases; Minimum Value: -15 (A=Very Good), Maximum Value: 40 (E=Very Bad). Nutriscore will be measured by shopping basket, continuously over 12 weeks.
13 secondary outcomes
Food Purchasing Behavior - Salt
Time frame: 12 weeks
Food Purchasing Behavior - Proteins
Time frame: Continuous measurement during study (12 weeks)
Food Purchasing Behavior - Fibers
Time frame: Continuous measurement during study (12 weeks)
Food Purchasing Behavior - Saturated Fats
Time frame: Continuous measurement during study (12 weeks)
User Engagement 1
Time frame: 12 weeks from beginning to end of intervention
User Engagement 2
Time frame: 12 weeks from beginning to end of intervention
Food Purchasing Behavior - Fruit & Vegetable Purchases
Time frame: 12 weeks
Food Purchasing Behavior - Sugar (excluding Fructose & Lactose)
Time frame: 12 weeks
Motivational Self-Efficacy
Time frame: 12 weeks
Recovery Self-Efficacy
Time frame: 12 weeks
Perceived behavior-related control over future health
Time frame: 12 weeks
Autonomous Motivation
Time frame: 12 weeks
Controlled Motivation
Time frame: 12 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 May 2021.
- Background: PubMed 28469546Steinemann N, Grize L, Ziesemer K, Kauf P, Probst-Hensch N, Brombach C. Relative validation of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate food intake in an adult population. Food Nutr Res. 2017 Mar 29;61(1):1305193. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1305193. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 17447868Schwarzer R, Schuz B, Ziegelmann JP, Lippke S, Luszczynska A, Scholz U. Adoption and maintenance of four health behaviors: theory-guided longitudinal studies on dental flossing, seat belt use, dietary behavior, and physical activity. Ann Behav Med. 2007 Apr;33(2):156-66. doi: 10.1007/BF02879897.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35797104Monninghoff A, Fuchs K, Wu J, Albert J, Mayer S. The Effect of a Future-Self Avatar Mobile Health Intervention (FutureMe) on Physical Activity and Food Purchases: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Jul 7;24(7):e32487. doi: 10.2196/32487.
- Renner and Schwarzer, 2005Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Based on the data privacy statement of the study and the ethic's commission application, data cannot be analyzed or shared on an individual participant basis.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Annette Mönninghoff principal investigator
University of St. Gallen, Institute for Customer Insight
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing FutureMe App and Conventional TrackingApp in people with Healthy, run by Annette Mönninghoff at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 May 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Physical Activity (time frame: 12 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04505124, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 May 2021.