Covid19NCT04519034
Vitamin D Status and Immune-inflammatory Status in Different UK Populations With COVID-19 Infection
An observational study of Covid19, run by Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
Hypothesis: Serum Vitamin D (25(OH)D) is significantly lower in severe versus non-severe COVID-19 infections and that this is a function of ethnicity. There is an association between vitamin D status and various cytokines (pro-inflammatory molecules). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 year to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Covid19
- How many people
- 27,628 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2020to 31 Mar 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 year to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: All patients tested for vitamin D and Covid-19
Who may be able to join
- All patients tested for vitamin D and Covid-19
Who cannot join
- not applicable
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Retrospective Pilot Study of Vitamin D Status and Immune-inflammatory Status in Different UK Populations With COVID-19 Infection
Hypothesis: Serum Vitamin D (25(OH)D) is significantly lower in severe versus non-severe COVID-19 infections and that this is a function of ethnicity. There is an association between vitamin D status and various cytokines (pro-inflammatory molecules).
The primary objective of this research is to provide a snap shot of vitamin D status in patients from the South-East London area by age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and demonstrate ethnic differences in vitamin D status as well as its associations with severe vs non-severe COVID-19 infections.
The secondary objective is to determine if there is an association between vitamin D status and various cytokines (pro-inflammatory molecules) and severity of disease.
Read the detailed description
Worldwide there has been over 6 million cases and 380,810 deaths from Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) (ECDC June 2020). According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) risk factors for critical illness include elderly people above 70 years of age, and people with underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, immune compromised status and obesity (73.4% of critically ill patients with BMI 30-40). In addition, in the UK 32% of critically ill COVID-19 patients are of Black or Asian ethnic-minority background (ICNARC April 10th, 2020). There is therefore an urgent need to fully understand the risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection and find an effective treatment. In COVID-19 infection those patients that required intensive care treatment have high circulating cytokines and chemokines TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and MIP-1α. Severe COVID-19 infection appears therefore to be associated with a damaging hyperinflammation state. In addition to a dysregulated cytokine response there is also dysregulation of immune cell populations in COVID-19 infection. For example, there is low T regs, NK cell and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in severe COVID-19 infection. Moreover, CD8+ T cells appear to be an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy.
Other than genetic factors, e.g. HLA, which may predispose to severe COVID-19, vitamin D (25(OH)D) may be important for several reasons. Firstly because 25(OH)D inadequacy is prevalent in European and US older adults (>60 years), Black and Asian minority ethnic population groups and in those with a high BMI. Secondly because 25(OH)D is known to have important immunoregulatory roles e.g. in downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ and upregulating anti-inflammatory TGFβ and IL-10. 25(OH)D also promotes Treg and effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and expansion. Furthermore, 25(OH)D has a role in preventing and reducing human respiratory infections e.g. influenza and in experimental animals is positively associated with virus specific CD8+ T cells. Vitamin D may also be an important modulator of hyperinflammatory response in patients with Covid-19 infection through cytokine storm suppression.
As part of the Government's response to Covid-19, Public Health England has re-issued existing advice on vitamin D: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/ This study will provide important information on vitamin D status as a possible risk factor in relation to COVID-19 infection in UK elderly and ethnic minority populations. Furthermore, the data generated could also have important implications for future supplementation and or vaccination strategies for COVID-19.
- Conditions
- Covid19
- Being tested
- no intervention
- Keywords
- vitamin D, cytokines, ethnicity, pro-inflammatory molecules
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
no interventionOther
There will be no intervention
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Audit 1 | All vitamin D results performed since January 2020 (N= ~15000) together with age, weight and height if available, ethnicity and other relevant laboratory markers (Ca, adjusted calcium, PTH, Mg, phosphate, liver and renal profile, Covid-19 screening, CRP, Haematinics, FBC) Receives: Other: no intervention | |
| Audit 2 | All Covid-19 screening results together with vitamin D, ethnicity, age, weight, height, length of stay in hospital including ICU (if applicable), type of illness, recovered or not, associated health conditions, CRP, Ferritin, Haematinics, vitamin A and E, procalcitonin, LDH, INR, fibrinogen, FBC, D-dimers, CK, Troponin-T, cytokines, renal function and electrolytes from patients tested at GSTT NHS Trust. Receives: Other: no intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Collecting vitamin D results in patients from the South-East London area together with age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and other relevant laboratory results.
All vitamin D results performed by the Nutristasis Unit at St. Thomas' since January 2020 (N= ~15000) together with age, weight and height if available, ethnicity and other relevant laboratory markers (Ca, adjusted calcium, PTH, Mg, phosphate, liver and renal profile, Covid-19 screening, CRP, Haematinics, FBC) if they were tested within two weeks of the sample being measured for vitamin D will be acquired. The results of this audit will provide a snap shot of vitamin D status in patients from the South-East London area by age, sex, ethnicity and BMI (weight in kg/height2). Correlation analysis will also be undertaken with other laboratory parameters.
Measured: January-June 2020
Secondary outcomes (1)
Collecting Covid-19 screening results together with age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and other relevant laboratory results.
All Covid-19 screening results together with vitamin D (nmol/L), ethnicity, age (yrs), weight (m) and height to obtain BMI, length of stay in hospital including ICU in days (if applicable), type of illness, recovered or not (y or no), associated health conditions, CRP, Ferritin, Haematinics, vitamin A and E, procalcitonin, LDH, INR, fibrinogen, FBC, D-dimers, CK, Troponin-T, cytokines, renal function and electrolytes will be collected from patients tested at GSTT NHS Trust.
We expect that only a small number of patients who had Covid-19 screening performed would have had vitamin D, cytokines and other markers measured. However, we estimate that we will be able to identify a sufficient number of Covid-19 patients for regression and correlation analysis from this data.
Measured: March-June 2020
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2020
- Study start1 Sep 2020
- Primary completion30 Jan 2021
- Study completion31 Mar 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Covid19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 27,628 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Agata Sobczynska-Malefora, PhD, Principal investigator, GSTT NHS Trust
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04519034
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 285176
- Status last verified
- Jul 2021
- First submitted
- 3 Aug 2020
- Last updated
- 3 Aug 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
PubMed 31986264Shen L, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Tang X, Li H, Xing H, Lu M, Frederick C, Huang C, Wong G, Wang C, Lan J. Clinical and laboratory-derived parameters of 119 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China. J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):147-178. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.038. Epub 2020 Apr 10. No abstract available.
PubMed 32283164Daneshkhah A, Agrawal V, Eshein A, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. Evidence for possible association of vitamin D status with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Oct;32(10):2141-2158. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01677-y. Epub 2020 Sep 2.
PubMed 32876941O'Neill LA, Kishton RJ, Rathmell J. A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Sep;16(9):553-65. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.70. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
PubMed 27396447Surman SL, Jones BG, Woodland DL, Hurwitz JL. Enhanced CD103 Expression and Reduced Frequencies of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Among Airway Lymphocytes After Influenza Vaccination of Mice Deficient in Vitamins A + D. Viral Immunol. 2017 Dec;30(10):737-743. doi: 10.1089/vim.2017.0086. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
PubMed 29130830Bergman P, Lindh AU, Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Lindh JD. Vitamin D and Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 19;8(6):e65835. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065835. Print 2013.
PubMed 23840373Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, Dubnov-Raz G, Esposito S, Ganmaa D, Ginde AA, Goodall EC, Grant CC, Janssens W, Jensen ME, Kerley CP, Laaksi I, Manaseki-Holland S, Mauger D, Murdoch DR, Neale R, Rees JR, Simpson S, Stelmach I, Trilok Kumar G, Urashima M, Camargo CA, Griffiths CJ, Hooper RL. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2019 Jan;23(2):1-44. doi: 10.3310/hta23020.
PubMed 30675873Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0. Epub 2020 Mar 16. No abstract available.
PubMed 32192578
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Aug 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Retrospective Pilot Study of Vitamin D Status and Immune-inflammatory Status in Different UK Populations With COVID-19 Infection
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04519034
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 285176
- Conditions
- Covid19
- Keywords
- vitamin D, cytokines, ethnicity, pro-inflammatory molecules
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 27,628 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Hypothesis: Serum Vitamin D (25(OH)D) is significantly lower in severe versus non-severe COVID-19 infections and that this is a function of ethnicity. There is an association between vitamin D status and various cytokines (pro-inflammatory molecules).
The primary objective of this research is to provide a snap shot of vitamin D status in patients from the South-East London area by age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and demonstrate ethnic differences in vitamin D status as well as its associations with severe vs non-severe COVID-19 infections.
The secondary objective is to determine if there is an association between vitamin D status and various cytokines (pro-inflammatory molecules) and severity of disease.
Detailed description
Worldwide there has been over 6 million cases and 380,810 deaths from Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) (ECDC June 2020). According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) risk factors for critical illness include elderly people above 70 years of age, and people with underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, immune compromised status and obesity (73.4% of critically ill patients with BMI 30-40). In addition, in the UK 32% of critically ill COVID-19 patients are of Black or Asian ethnic-minority background (ICNARC April 10th, 2020). There is therefore an urgent need to fully understand the risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection and find an effective treatment. In COVID-19 infection those patients that required intensive care treatment have high circulating cytokines and chemokines TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and MIP-1α. Severe COVID-19 infection appears therefore to be associated with a damaging hyperinflammation state. In addition to a dysregulated cytokine response there is also dysregulation of immune cell populations in COVID-19 infection. For example, there is low T regs, NK cell and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in severe COVID-19 infection. Moreover, CD8+ T cells appear to be an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy.
Other than genetic factors, e.g. HLA, which may predispose to severe COVID-19, vitamin D (25(OH)D) may be important for several reasons. Firstly because 25(OH)D inadequacy is prevalent in European and US older adults (>60 years), Black and Asian minority ethnic population groups and in those with a high BMI. Secondly because 25(OH)D is known to have important immunoregulatory roles e.g. in downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ and upregulating anti-inflammatory TGFβ and IL-10. 25(OH)D also promotes Treg and effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and expansion. Furthermore, 25(OH)D has a role in preventing and reducing human respiratory infections e.g. influenza and in experimental animals is positively associated with virus specific CD8+ T cells. Vitamin D may also be an important modulator of hyperinflammatory response in patients with Covid-19 infection through cytokine storm suppression.
As part of the Government's response to Covid-19, Public Health England has re-issued existing advice on vitamin D: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/ This study will provide important information on vitamin D status as a possible risk factor in relation to COVID-19 infection in UK elderly and ethnic minority populations. Furthermore, the data generated could also have important implications for future supplementation and or vaccination strategies for COVID-19.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Audit 1 | – | Other: no interventionAll vitamin D results performed since January 2020 (N= ~15000) together with age, weight and height if available, ethnicity and other relevant laboratory markers (Ca, adjusted calcium, PTH, Mg, phosphate, liver and renal profile, Covid-19 screening, CRP, Haematinics, FBC) |
| Audit 2 | – | Other: no interventionAll Covid-19 screening results together with vitamin D, ethnicity, age, weight, height, length of stay in hospital including ICU (if applicable), type of illness, recovered or not, associated health conditions, CRP, Ferritin, Haematinics, vitamin A and E, procalcitonin, LDH, INR, fibrinogen, FBC, D-dimers, CK, Troponin-T, cytokines, renal function and electrolytes from patients tested at GSTT NHS Trust. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 year to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- All patients tested for vitamin D and Covid-19
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- All patients tested for vitamin D and Covid-19
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- not applicable
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| no interventionThere will be no intervention | Other | Audit 1, Audit 2 |
Primary outcome
Collecting vitamin D results in patients from the South-East London area together with age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and other relevant laboratory results.
Time frame: January-June 2020
All vitamin D results performed by the Nutristasis Unit at St. Thomas' since January 2020 (N= ~15000) together with age, weight and height if available, ethnicity and other relevant laboratory markers (Ca, adjusted calcium, PTH, Mg, phosphate, liver and renal profile, Covid-19 screening, CRP, Haematinics, FBC) if they were tested within two weeks of the sample being measured for vitamin D will be acquired. The results of this audit will provide a snap shot of vitamin D status in patients from the South-East London area by age, sex, ethnicity and BMI (weight in kg/height2). Correlation analysis will also be undertaken with other laboratory parameters.
1 secondary outcome
Collecting Covid-19 screening results together with age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and other relevant laboratory results.
Time frame: March-June 2020
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Aug 2021.
- Background: PubMed 31986264Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
- Background: PubMed 32283164Shen L, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Tang X, Li H, Xing H, Lu M, Frederick C, Huang C, Wong G, Wang C, Lan J. Clinical and laboratory-derived parameters of 119 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China. J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):147-178. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.038. Epub 2020 Apr 10. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 32876941Daneshkhah A, Agrawal V, Eshein A, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. Evidence for possible association of vitamin D status with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Oct;32(10):2141-2158. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01677-y. Epub 2020 Sep 2.
- Background: PubMed 27396447O'Neill LA, Kishton RJ, Rathmell J. A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Sep;16(9):553-65. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.70. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
- Background: PubMed 29130830Surman SL, Jones BG, Woodland DL, Hurwitz JL. Enhanced CD103 Expression and Reduced Frequencies of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Among Airway Lymphocytes After Influenza Vaccination of Mice Deficient in Vitamins A + D. Viral Immunol. 2017 Dec;30(10):737-743. doi: 10.1089/vim.2017.0086. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
- Background: PubMed 23840373Bergman P, Lindh AU, Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Lindh JD. Vitamin D and Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 19;8(6):e65835. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065835. Print 2013.
- Background: PubMed 30675873Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, Dubnov-Raz G, Esposito S, Ganmaa D, Ginde AA, Goodall EC, Grant CC, Janssens W, Jensen ME, Kerley CP, Laaksi I, Manaseki-Holland S, Mauger D, Murdoch DR, Neale R, Rees JR, Simpson S, Stelmach I, Trilok Kumar G, Urashima M, Camargo CA, Griffiths CJ, Hooper RL. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2019 Jan;23(2):1-44. doi: 10.3310/hta23020.
- Background: PubMed 32192578Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0. Epub 2020 Mar 16. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Agata Sobczynska-Malefora, PhD principal investigator
GSTT NHS Trust
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Covid19, run by Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Aug 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Collecting vitamin D results in patients from the South-East London area together with age, sex, ethnicity and BMI and other relevant laboratory results. (time frame: January-June 2020). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04519034, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Aug 2021.