Hypercholesterolemia, FamilialIFIGhTFHNCT04526457
Is Family Screening Improved by Genetic Testing of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
A study testing Genetic Testing in people with Hypercholesterolemia, Familial, run by University of Pennsylvania.
Trial summary
To test the hypothesis that in patients with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), genetic testing and identification of a causative mutation might enhance the success of family-based cascade screening. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Hypercholesterolemia, Familial
- What is being tested?
- Genetic Testing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 240 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2014to 1 Apr 2017
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- For probands, inclusion criteria are as follows:
- LDL cholesterol > 220 mg/dL or a previous clinical diagnosis of FH
- Aged 18 years or older
- Ability to provide informed consent
- Willingness/ability to contact a minimum of 2 biological relatives about the study
Who cannot join
- For family members of probands, inclusion criteria are as follows:
- Willingness to participate in the study
- Age 10 or older
- Ability to give informed consent/assent
About this study
To test the hypothesis that in patients with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), genetic testing and identification of a causative mutation might enhance the success of family-based cascade screening.
Read the detailed description
To examine the impact of genetic testing on the efficiency of cascade screening for FH, patients with suspected FH or a clinical diagnosis of FH have been randomized to genetic testing or standard of care with lipid testing alone. After systematic encouragement of family enrollment, as a primary endpoint, the compared the number of probands with relatives enrolled in each group one year after results were returned to probands. The secondary endpoints examined include the number of relatives enrolled within 52 weeks of the genetic counseling call and the number of relatives diagnosed with FH through the study. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted stratifying the cohort by randomization/genetic test result. Further exploratory analyses compared probands' perceptions about high cholesterol diagnosis at baseline and at 20 weeks from enrollment
- Conditions
- Hypercholesterolemia, Familial
- Being tested
- Standard of Care, Genetic Testing
- Keywords
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Genetics, Cascade screening
- Medical subject headings
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Standard of CareOther
Randomized to standard of care with lipid testing only.
Genetic TestingOther
Randomized to genetic testing.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Standard of Care | Other | Participants with suspected FH (LDL-C greater than 220 mg/dL) or a previous clinical diagnosis of FH and randomized to standard of care with lipid testing only. Receives: Other: Standard of Care |
| Genetic Testing | Other | Participants with suspected FH (LDL-C greater than 220 mg/dL) or a previous clinical diagnosis of FH randomized to genetic testing Receives: Other: Genetic Testing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of probands with relatives enrolled
The primary outcome of this study was the number of probands with family members enrolled in the study within 52 weeks of results being returned to probands. Investigators compared the proportion of probands with a relative enrolled in the genetic testing group with the proportion of probands with a relative enrolled in the usual care group (lipid testing only). Relative enrolment was defined as the return of a test kit within the study time frame.
Measured: 52 weeks after genetic/lipid testing results are returned to probands
Secondary outcomes (2)
The number of relatives enrolled in the study 52 weeks after results were returned to probands
The number of relatives enrolled in the study within 52 weeks of results being returned to probands. Investigators compared the number of relatives enrolled in the genetic testing group with the number of relatives enrolled in the usual care group (lipid testing only). Relative enrolment was defined as the return of a test kit within the study time frame.
Measured: 52 weeks after results are returned to probands
The number of family members diagnosed with FH 52 weeks after results were returned to probands
The number of family members diagnosed with FH within 52 weeks of results being returned to probands. Investigators compared the number of enrolled relatives diagnosed with FH in the genetic testing group with the number of enrolled relatives diagnosed with FH in the usual care group (lipid testing only). This diagnosis had to be made through the study. The number of enrolled relatives diagnosed with FH in each group was expressed as the new case per index case ratio (relatives diagnosed with FH/total number of index case). Relative enrolment was defined as the return of a test kit within the study time frame. The diagnosis of FH was based on meeting either genetic or the Make Early Diagnosis To Prevent Early Deaths (MEDPED) clinical criteria
Measured: 52 weeks after results are returned to probands
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Aug 2020
- Study start1 Nov 2014
- Primary completion1 Dec 2016
- Study completion1 Apr 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hypercholesterolemia, FamilialStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PennsylvaniaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Probands were randomized 2:1 to genetic testing for FH plus lipid testing or lipid testing alone
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 240 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pennsylvania
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Daniel J Rader, MD, Principal investigator, University of Pennsylvania
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04526457
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 820969
- Acronym
- IFIGhTFH
- Status last verified
- Dec 2020
- First submitted
- 19 Aug 2020
- Last updated
- 10 Dec 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IRB approval to share IPD was not obtained for this protocol at the time of the initial protocol submission. If this should be required as part of the peer review process, or after publication of the study results and application will be submitted for a protocol amendment to fulfill this request
Publications
Abul-Husn NS, Manickam K, Jones LK, Wright EA, Hartzel DN, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, O'Dushlaine C, Leader JB, Lester Kirchner H, Lindbuchler DM, Barr ML, Giovanni MA, Ritchie MD, Overton JD, Reid JG, Metpally RP, Wardeh AH, Borecki IB, Yancopoulos GD, Baras A, Shuldiner AR, Gottesman O, Ledbetter DH, Carey DJ, Dewey FE, Murray MF. Genetic identification of familial hypercholesterolemia within a single U.S. health care system. Science. 2016 Dec 23;354(6319):aaf7000. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7000.
PubMed 28008010Benn M, Watts GF, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Familial hypercholesterolemia in the danish general population: prevalence, coronary artery disease, and cholesterol-lowering medication. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov;97(11):3956-64. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-1563. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
PubMed 22893714Mortensen MB, Kulenovic I, Klausen IC, Falk E. Familial hypercholesterolemia among unselected contemporary patients presenting with first myocardial infarction: Prevalence, risk factor burden, and impact on age at presentation. J Clin Lipidol. 2016 Sep-Oct;10(5):1145-1152.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
PubMed 27678431De Backer G, Besseling J, Chapman J, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJ, Kotseva K, Ray K, Reiner Z, Wood D, De Bacquer D; EUROASPIRE Investigators. Prevalence and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in coronary patients: An analysis of EUROASPIRE IV, a study of the European Society of Cardiology. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Jul;241(1):169-75. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.809. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
PubMed 25997074Wald DS, Bangash FA, Bestwick JP. Prevalence of DNA-confirmed familial hypercholesterolaemia in young patients with myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2015 Mar;26(2):127-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
PubMed 25682442Pang J, Poulter EB, Bell DA, Bates TR, Jefferson VL, Hillis GS, Schultz CJ, Watts GF. Frequency of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease admitted to a coronary care unit. J Clin Lipidol. 2015 Sep-Oct;9(5):703-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.07.005. Epub 2015 Jul 18.
PubMed 26350818Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, Ginsberg HN, Masana L, Descamps OS, Wiklund O, Hegele RA, Raal FJ, Defesche JC, Wiegman A, Santos RD, Watts GF, Parhofer KG, Hovingh GK, Kovanen PT, Boileau C, Averna M, Boren J, Bruckert E, Catapano AL, Kuivenhoven JA, Pajukanta P, Ray K, Stalenhoef AF, Stroes E, Taskinen MR, Tybjaerg-Hansen A; European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013 Dec;34(45):3478-90a. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
PubMed 23956253Programme WHOHG. Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) : report of a second WHO consultation, Geneva, 4 September 1998. 1999:This report is dedicated to the memory of Professo.
CDC. Genomic tests by levels of evidence. Centers for Disease Control Office of Public Health Genomics. http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/file/print/tier.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed August 23, 2016.
Knowles JW, Rader DJ, Khoury MJ. Cascade Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia and the Use of Genetic Testing. JAMA. 2017 Jul 25;318(4):381-382. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.8543. No abstract available.
PubMed 28742895Sturm AC, Knowles JW, Gidding SS, Ahmad ZS, Ahmed CD, Ballantyne CM, Baum SJ, Bourbon M, Carrie A, Cuchel M, de Ferranti SD, Defesche JC, Freiberger T, Hershberger RE, Hovingh GK, Karayan L, Kastelein JJP, Kindt I, Lane SR, Leigh SE, Linton MF, Mata P, Neal WA, Nordestgaard BG, Santos RD, Harada-Shiba M, Sijbrands EJ, Stitziel NO, Yamashita S, Wilemon KA, Ledbetter DH, Rader DJ; Convened by the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Foundation. Clinical Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Aug 7;72(6):662-680. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.044.
PubMed 30071997Umans-Eckenhausen MA, Defesche JC, Sijbrands EJ, Scheerder RL, Kastelein JJ. Review of first 5 years of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands. Lancet. 2001 Jan 20;357(9251):165-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03587-X.
PubMed 11213091Leren TP, Finborud TH, Manshaus TE, Ose L, Berge KE. Diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in general practice using clinical diagnostic criteria or genetic testing as part of cascade genetic screening. Community Genet. 2008;11(1):26-35. doi: 10.1159/000111637. Epub 2008 Jan 15.
PubMed 18196915Nherera L, Marks D, Minhas R, Thorogood M, Humphries SE. Probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis of cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia using alternative diagnostic and identification strategies. Heart. 2011 Jul;97(14):1175-81. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2010.213975.
PubMed 21685482deGoma EM, Ahmad ZS, O'Brien EC, Kindt I, Shrader P, Newman CB, Pokharel Y, Baum SJ, Hemphill LC, Hudgins LC, Ahmed CD, Gidding SS, Duffy D, Neal W, Wilemon K, Roe MT, Rader DJ, Ballantyne CM, Linton MF, Duell PB, Shapiro MD, Moriarty PM, Knowles JW. Treatment Gaps in Adults With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: Data From the CASCADE-FH Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016 Jun;9(3):240-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.116.001381. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
PubMed 27013694
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Dec 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Is Family Screening Improved by Genetic Testing of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04526457
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IFIGhTFH / 820969
- Conditions
- Hypercholesterolemia, Familial
- Keywords
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Genetics, Cascade screening
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 240 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PennsylvaniaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2014 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Apr 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To test the hypothesis that in patients with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), genetic testing and identification of a causative mutation might enhance the success of family-based cascade screening.
Detailed description
To examine the impact of genetic testing on the efficiency of cascade screening for FH, patients with suspected FH or a clinical diagnosis of FH have been randomized to genetic testing or standard of care with lipid testing alone. After systematic encouragement of family enrollment, as a primary endpoint, the compared the number of probands with relatives enrolled in each group one year after results were returned to probands. The secondary endpoints examined include the number of relatives enrolled within 52 weeks of the genetic counseling call and the number of relatives diagnosed with FH through the study. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted stratifying the cohort by randomization/genetic test result. Further exploratory analyses compared probands' perceptions about high cholesterol diagnosis at baseline and at 20 weeks from enrollment
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Probands were randomized 2:1 to genetic testing for FH plus lipid testing or lipid testing alone
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Standard of Care | Other | Other: Standard of CareParticipants with suspected FH (LDL-C greater than 220 mg/dL) or a previous clinical diagnosis of FH and randomized to standard of care with lipid testing only. |
| Genetic Testing | Other | Other: Genetic TestingParticipants with suspected FH (LDL-C greater than 220 mg/dL) or a previous clinical diagnosis of FH randomized to genetic testing |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- For probands, inclusion criteria are as follows:
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- For family members of probands, inclusion criteria are as follows:
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Standard of CareRandomized to standard of care with lipid testing only. | Other | Standard of Care |
| Genetic TestingRandomized to genetic testing. | Other | Genetic Testing |
Primary outcome
Number of probands with relatives enrolled
Time frame: 52 weeks after genetic/lipid testing results are returned to probands
The primary outcome of this study was the number of probands with family members enrolled in the study within 52 weeks of results being returned to probands. Investigators compared the proportion of probands with a relative enrolled in the genetic testing group with the proportion of probands with a relative enrolled in the usual care group (lipid testing only). Relative enrolment was defined as the return of a test kit within the study time frame.
2 secondary outcomes
The number of relatives enrolled in the study 52 weeks after results were returned to probands
Time frame: 52 weeks after results are returned to probands
The number of family members diagnosed with FH 52 weeks after results were returned to probands
Time frame: 52 weeks after results are returned to probands
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Dec 2020.
- Background: PubMed 28008010Abul-Husn NS, Manickam K, Jones LK, Wright EA, Hartzel DN, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, O'Dushlaine C, Leader JB, Lester Kirchner H, Lindbuchler DM, Barr ML, Giovanni MA, Ritchie MD, Overton JD, Reid JG, Metpally RP, Wardeh AH, Borecki IB, Yancopoulos GD, Baras A, Shuldiner AR, Gottesman O, Ledbetter DH, Carey DJ, Dewey FE, Murray MF. Genetic identification of familial hypercholesterolemia within a single U.S. health care system. Science. 2016 Dec 23;354(6319):aaf7000. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7000.
- Background: PubMed 22893714Benn M, Watts GF, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Familial hypercholesterolemia in the danish general population: prevalence, coronary artery disease, and cholesterol-lowering medication. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov;97(11):3956-64. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-1563. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
- Background: PubMed 27678431Mortensen MB, Kulenovic I, Klausen IC, Falk E. Familial hypercholesterolemia among unselected contemporary patients presenting with first myocardial infarction: Prevalence, risk factor burden, and impact on age at presentation. J Clin Lipidol. 2016 Sep-Oct;10(5):1145-1152.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
- Background: PubMed 25997074De Backer G, Besseling J, Chapman J, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJ, Kotseva K, Ray K, Reiner Z, Wood D, De Bacquer D; EUROASPIRE Investigators. Prevalence and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in coronary patients: An analysis of EUROASPIRE IV, a study of the European Society of Cardiology. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Jul;241(1):169-75. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.809. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
- Background: PubMed 25682442Wald DS, Bangash FA, Bestwick JP. Prevalence of DNA-confirmed familial hypercholesterolaemia in young patients with myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2015 Mar;26(2):127-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
- Background: PubMed 26350818Pang J, Poulter EB, Bell DA, Bates TR, Jefferson VL, Hillis GS, Schultz CJ, Watts GF. Frequency of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease admitted to a coronary care unit. J Clin Lipidol. 2015 Sep-Oct;9(5):703-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.07.005. Epub 2015 Jul 18.
- Background: PubMed 23956253Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, Ginsberg HN, Masana L, Descamps OS, Wiklund O, Hegele RA, Raal FJ, Defesche JC, Wiegman A, Santos RD, Watts GF, Parhofer KG, Hovingh GK, Kovanen PT, Boileau C, Averna M, Boren J, Bruckert E, Catapano AL, Kuivenhoven JA, Pajukanta P, Ray K, Stalenhoef AF, Stroes E, Taskinen MR, Tybjaerg-Hansen A; European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013 Dec;34(45):3478-90a. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
- BackgroundProgramme WHOHG. Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) : report of a second WHO consultation, Geneva, 4 September 1998. 1999:This report is dedicated to the memory of Professo.
- BackgroundCDC. Genomic tests by levels of evidence. Centers for Disease Control Office of Public Health Genomics. http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/file/print/tier.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed August 23, 2016.
- Background: PubMed 28742895Knowles JW, Rader DJ, Khoury MJ. Cascade Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia and the Use of Genetic Testing. JAMA. 2017 Jul 25;318(4):381-382. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.8543. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30071997Sturm AC, Knowles JW, Gidding SS, Ahmad ZS, Ahmed CD, Ballantyne CM, Baum SJ, Bourbon M, Carrie A, Cuchel M, de Ferranti SD, Defesche JC, Freiberger T, Hershberger RE, Hovingh GK, Karayan L, Kastelein JJP, Kindt I, Lane SR, Leigh SE, Linton MF, Mata P, Neal WA, Nordestgaard BG, Santos RD, Harada-Shiba M, Sijbrands EJ, Stitziel NO, Yamashita S, Wilemon KA, Ledbetter DH, Rader DJ; Convened by the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Foundation. Clinical Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Aug 7;72(6):662-680. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.044.
- Background: PubMed 11213091Umans-Eckenhausen MA, Defesche JC, Sijbrands EJ, Scheerder RL, Kastelein JJ. Review of first 5 years of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands. Lancet. 2001 Jan 20;357(9251):165-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03587-X.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IRB approval to share IPD was not obtained for this protocol at the time of the initial protocol submission. If this should be required as part of the peer review process, or after publication of the study results and application will be submitted for a protocol amendment to fulfill this request
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Daniel J Rader, MD principal investigator
University of Pennsylvania
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Genetic Testing in people with Hypercholesterolemia, Familial, run by University of Pennsylvania.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Dec 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of probands with relatives enrolled (time frame: 52 weeks after genetic/lipid testing results are returned to probands). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04526457, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Dec 2020.