Renal DiseasePhase 4NCT04539418
Vitamin K2 Supplementation and Vascular Calcification
A Phase 4 study testing Vitamin K 2 in people with Renal Disease, run by Catholic University of Salta.
Trial summary
Vascular calcification is the leading cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in hemodialysis. The protein matrix Gla vitamin K dependent (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of the vascular calcification. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Renal Disease
- What is being tested?
- Vitamin K 2
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 59 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2016to 30 Jun 2017
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Men or women ≥18 years old
- A period not less than 6 months in HD
- Life expectancy ≥ 18 months
- Signed informed consent
Who cannot join
- Patients under treatment with phosphorus chelators
- Patients who do not want to participate in the study
About this study
Official title: Effect of Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Vascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients: a Controlled Randomized Trial.
Vascular calcification is the leading cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in hemodialysis. The protein matrix Gla vitamin K dependent (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of the vascular calcification. Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin K2 on vascular calcification in patients on hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study will be performed. The study subjects will be divided into a control (1000 µl of saline) or treated group (1000 µl containing 2000 µg of Vitamin K2). Vitamin K2 will be administered three times a week intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. Blood samples for biochemical determinations and vascular calcification will be assessed before and after 6 months of treatment through carotid Doppler ultrasound.
Read the detailed description
This study is designed according to the ethical reference framework for biomedical research of the Declaration of Helsinki. Its design is prospective, randomized, double blind. Study subjects will be assigned either Arm 1 or control (vial with 1000 μL of saline) or Arm 2 or treated group (vial with 1000 μL containing 2000 μg of Vitamin K2). The trial protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Catholic University of Salta and written informed consent will be made available to all patients who agree to participate and meet the inclusion criteria. Vascular calcification will be evaluated at the beginning of the study to determine the presence of vascular calcification and at the end of the study to assess changes, if any. The carotid artery examination will be performed with a GE VIVID 5 (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) with a 7.5 MHz linear probe. The protocol used to obtain images is consistent with the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. Longitudinal images will be obtained by means of B-mode ultrasound, the maximum and the global median intima thickness (EIM) value of the common carotid artery and the presence of carotid plaques (defined as isolated and focal areas of the abnormal intima that protrude into the lumen more than 1.5 mm or at least 50% of the surrounding total mean intimate value). The EIM represents the thickness of the intima, plus the component of the mean of the vessel wall; with an automated computerized system of the equipment, on the distal wall of both common carotid arteries, 1 cm below the carotid bulb, along a 10 mm long straight arterial segment. Patients may be stratified into 3 groups according to the EIM value: EIM patients with <0.5 mm are considered disease-free; patients with IMD between 0.6-1 mm will be considered to be non-significantly affected by the disease; patients with IMD> 1 mm will be grouped as affected by significant disease (Table 1). Therefore, carotid atherosclerosis is considered in the presence of plaques or an EIM> 1 mm. 2.5.3 Table 1. Thickness of the intima plus the component of the mean in the wall of a vessel associated or not with the presence of vascular calcification.
EIM VALUE Presence or not of vascular calcification <0,5 mm Patients without vascular calcification 0,6-1 mm Patients non-significantly affected by the disease > 1 mm Patients significantly affected by the disease
- Conditions
- Renal Disease
- Being tested
- Vitamin K 2
- Keywords
- Hemodialysis patients, Vascular calcification, Vitamin K2
- Medical subject headings
- Kidney Diseases, Vascular Calcification
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Vitamin K 2Drug
Also called PLACEBO GROUP
Patients will be monitored during the whole protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamn K2 Treated patients | Active comparator | Vitamin K2 will be given to patients randomized to ARM 1 three times a week at the end of each dialysis session to prevent it being lost through the ultrafiltration membrane (in order to use the same dialysis access) intravenously to ensure its bioavailability. Receives: Drug: Vitamin K 2 |
| Placebo Group | Placebo comparator | Placebo will be given to patients randomized three times a week to ARM 2 at the end of each dialysis session to prevent it being lost through the ultrafiltration membrane (in order to use the same dialysis access) intravenously to ensure its bioavailability. Receives: Drug: Vitamin K 2 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN K2 ON VASCULAR CALCIFICATION
Changes in the VC (changes in the intimate thickness of carotide artery versus baseline).
Measured: 6 months
CHANGES IN THE PRODUCT PHOSPHORUS CALCIUM
Changes in the product phosphorus calcium versus baseline
Measured: 6 months
CHANGES IN PTHi SERUM LEVELS
Not significant changes in PTHi serum levels versus baseline
Measured: 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Sep 2020
- Study start1 Dec 2016
- Primary completion1 Mar 2017
- Study completion30 Jun 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (32)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Renal DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Prospective, randomized, double-blind study
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 59 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Catholic University of Salta
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rocío Pérez Abúd, Catholic University of Salta
- Investigators
- Rocío Pérez Abud, PhD, Principal investigator, Universidad Católica de Salta
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04539418
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UCASAL-VITK
- Status last verified
- Sep 2020
- First submitted
- 31 Aug 2020
- Last updated
- 9 Sep 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Vo TM, Disthabanchong S. Are there ways to attenuate arterial calcification and improve cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease? World J Cardiol. 2014 May 26;6(5):216-26. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.216.
PubMed 24944752Georgianos PI, Pikilidou MI, Liakopoulos V, Balaskas EV, Zebekakis PE. Arterial stiffness in end-stage renal disease-pathogenesis, clinical epidemiology, and therapeutic potentials. Hypertens Res. 2018 May;41(5):309-319. doi: 10.1038/s41440-018-0025-5. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
PubMed 29531291Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, Ofsthun N, Lowrie EG, Chertow GM. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Aug;15(8):2208-18. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000133041.27682.A2.
PubMed 15284307Brandenburg VM, Schurgers LJ, Kaesler N, Pusche K, van Gorp RH, Leftheriotis G, Reinartz S, Koos R, Kruger T. Prevention of vasculopathy by vitamin K supplementation: can we turn fiction into fact? Atherosclerosis. 2015 May;240(1):10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.040. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
PubMed 25744701Caluwe R, Pyfferoen L, De Boeck K, De Vriese AS. The effects of vitamin K supplementation and vitamin K antagonists on progression of vascular calcification: ongoing randomized controlled trials. Clin Kidney J. 2016 Apr;9(2):273-9. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfv146. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
PubMed 26985380Caluwe R, Vandecasteele S, Van Vlem B, Vermeer C, De Vriese AS. Vitamin K2 supplementation in haemodialysis patients: a randomized dose-finding study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Jul;29(7):1385-90. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft464. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
PubMed 24285428Cannata-Andia JB, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Carrillo-Lopez N, Naves-Diaz M, Diaz-Lopez B. Vascular calcifications: pathogenesis, management, and impact on clinical outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Dec;17(12 Suppl 3):S267-73. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006080925.
PubMed 17130273Cranenburg EC, Schurgers LJ, Uiterwijk HH, Beulens JW, Dalmeijer GW, Westerhuis R, Magdeleyns EJ, Herfs M, Vermeer C, Laverman GD. Vitamin K intake and status are low in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2012 Sep;82(5):605-10. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.191. Epub 2012 May 30.
PubMed 22648294Scheiber D, Veulemans V, Horn P, Chatrou ML, Potthoff SA, Kelm M, Schurgers LJ, Westenfeld R. High-Dose Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Reduces Cardiovascular Calcification in a Murine Model of Extraosseous Calcification. Nutrients. 2015 Aug 18;7(8):6991-7011. doi: 10.3390/nu7085318.
PubMed 26295257De Vriese AS, Caluwe R, Bailleul E, De Bacquer D, Borrey D, Van Vlem B, Vandecasteele SJ, Emmerechts J. Dose-finding study of rivaroxaban in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Jul;66(1):91-8. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.01.022. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
PubMed 25804678Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, Yoon C, Gales B, Sider D, Wang Y, Chung J, Emerick A, Greaser L, Elashoff RM, Salusky IB. Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 18;342(20):1478-83. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005183422003.
PubMed 10816185Gundberg CM, Lian JB, Booth SL. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of osteocalcin: friend or foe? Adv Nutr. 2012 Mar 1;3(2):149-57. doi: 10.3945/an.112.001834.
PubMed 22516722Hur DJ, Raymond GV, Kahler SG, Riegert-Johnson DL, Cohen BA, Boyadjiev SA. A novel MGP mutation in a consanguineous family: review of the clinical and molecular characteristics of Keutel syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 May 15;135(1):36-40. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30680.
PubMed 15810001Inoue T, Fujita T, Kishimoto H, Makino T, Nakamura T, Nakamura T, Sato T, Yamazaki K. Randomized controlled study on the prevention of osteoporotic fractures (OF study): a phase IV clinical study of 15-mg menatetrenone capsules. J Bone Miner Metab. 2009;27(1):66-75. doi: 10.1007/s00774-008-0008-8. Epub 2008 Dec 12.
PubMed 19082528January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, Conti JB, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz MD, Field ME, Murray KT, Sacco RL, Stevenson WG, Tchou PJ, Tracy CM, Yancy CW; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 2;64(21):e1-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.022. Epub 2014 Mar 28. No abstract available.
PubMed 24685669
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Sep 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Vascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients: a Controlled Randomized Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04539418
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UCASAL-VITK
- Conditions
- Renal Disease
- Keywords
- Hemodialysis patients, Vascular calcification, Vitamin K2
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 59 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Catholic University of SaltaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Vascular calcification is the leading cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in hemodialysis. The protein matrix Gla vitamin K dependent (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of the vascular calcification. Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin K2 on vascular calcification in patients on hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study will be performed. The study subjects will be divided into a control (1000 µl of saline) or treated group (1000 µl containing 2000 µg of Vitamin K2). Vitamin K2 will be administered three times a week intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. Blood samples for biochemical determinations and vascular calcification will be assessed before and after 6 months of treatment through carotid Doppler ultrasound.
Detailed description
This study is designed according to the ethical reference framework for biomedical research of the Declaration of Helsinki. Its design is prospective, randomized, double blind. Study subjects will be assigned either Arm 1 or control (vial with 1000 μL of saline) or Arm 2 or treated group (vial with 1000 μL containing 2000 μg of Vitamin K2). The trial protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Catholic University of Salta and written informed consent will be made available to all patients who agree to participate and meet the inclusion criteria. Vascular calcification will be evaluated at the beginning of the study to determine the presence of vascular calcification and at the end of the study to assess changes, if any. The carotid artery examination will be performed with a GE VIVID 5 (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) with a 7.5 MHz linear probe. The protocol used to obtain images is consistent with the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. Longitudinal images will be obtained by means of B-mode ultrasound, the maximum and the global median intima thickness (EIM) value of the common carotid artery and the presence of carotid plaques (defined as isolated and focal areas of the abnormal intima that protrude into the lumen more than 1.5 mm or at least 50% of the surrounding total mean intimate value). The EIM represents the thickness of the intima, plus the component of the mean of the vessel wall; with an automated computerized system of the equipment, on the distal wall of both common carotid arteries, 1 cm below the carotid bulb, along a 10 mm long straight arterial segment. Patients may be stratified into 3 groups according to the EIM value: EIM patients with <0.5 mm are considered disease-free; patients with IMD between 0.6-1 mm will be considered to be non-significantly affected by the disease; patients with IMD> 1 mm will be grouped as affected by significant disease (Table 1). Therefore, carotid atherosclerosis is considered in the presence of plaques or an EIM> 1 mm. 2.5.3 Table 1. Thickness of the intima plus the component of the mean in the wall of a vessel associated or not with the presence of vascular calcification.
EIM VALUE Presence or not of vascular calcification <0,5 mm Patients without vascular calcification 0,6-1 mm Patients non-significantly affected by the disease > 1 mm Patients significantly affected by the disease
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Prospective, randomized, double-blind study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamn K2 Treated patients | Active comparator | Drug: Vitamin K 2Vitamin K2 will be given to patients randomized to ARM 1 three times a week at the end of each dialysis session to prevent it being lost through the ultrafiltration membrane (in order to use the same dialysis access) intravenously to ensure its bioavailability. |
| Placebo Group | Placebo comparator | Drug: Vitamin K 2Placebo will be given to patients randomized three times a week to ARM 2 at the end of each dialysis session to prevent it being lost through the ultrafiltration membrane (in order to use the same dialysis access) intravenously to ensure its bioavailability. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Men or women ≥18 years old
- A period not less than 6 months in HD
- Life expectancy ≥ 18 months
- Signed informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Patients under treatment with phosphorus chelators
- Patients who do not want to participate in the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin K 2Also: PLACEBO GROUPPatients will be monitored during the whole protocol. | Drug | Placebo Group, Vitamn K2 Treated patients |
Primary outcome
EFFECT OF VITAMIN K2 ON VASCULAR CALCIFICATION
Time frame: 6 months
Changes in the VC (changes in the intimate thickness of carotide artery versus baseline).
CHANGES IN THE PRODUCT PHOSPHORUS CALCIUM
Time frame: 6 months
Changes in the product phosphorus calcium versus baseline
CHANGES IN PTHi SERUM LEVELS
Time frame: 6 months
Not significant changes in PTHi serum levels versus baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Sep 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 24944752Vo TM, Disthabanchong S. Are there ways to attenuate arterial calcification and improve cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease? World J Cardiol. 2014 May 26;6(5):216-26. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.216.
- Results publication: PubMed 29531291Georgianos PI, Pikilidou MI, Liakopoulos V, Balaskas EV, Zebekakis PE. Arterial stiffness in end-stage renal disease-pathogenesis, clinical epidemiology, and therapeutic potentials. Hypertens Res. 2018 May;41(5):309-319. doi: 10.1038/s41440-018-0025-5. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
- Results publication: PubMed 15284307Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, Ofsthun N, Lowrie EG, Chertow GM. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Aug;15(8):2208-18. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000133041.27682.A2.
- Results publication: PubMed 25744701Brandenburg VM, Schurgers LJ, Kaesler N, Pusche K, van Gorp RH, Leftheriotis G, Reinartz S, Koos R, Kruger T. Prevention of vasculopathy by vitamin K supplementation: can we turn fiction into fact? Atherosclerosis. 2015 May;240(1):10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.040. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
- Results publication: PubMed 26985380Caluwe R, Pyfferoen L, De Boeck K, De Vriese AS. The effects of vitamin K supplementation and vitamin K antagonists on progression of vascular calcification: ongoing randomized controlled trials. Clin Kidney J. 2016 Apr;9(2):273-9. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfv146. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 24285428Caluwe R, Vandecasteele S, Van Vlem B, Vermeer C, De Vriese AS. Vitamin K2 supplementation in haemodialysis patients: a randomized dose-finding study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Jul;29(7):1385-90. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft464. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 17130273Cannata-Andia JB, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Carrillo-Lopez N, Naves-Diaz M, Diaz-Lopez B. Vascular calcifications: pathogenesis, management, and impact on clinical outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Dec;17(12 Suppl 3):S267-73. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006080925.
- Results publication: PubMed 22648294Cranenburg EC, Schurgers LJ, Uiterwijk HH, Beulens JW, Dalmeijer GW, Westerhuis R, Magdeleyns EJ, Herfs M, Vermeer C, Laverman GD. Vitamin K intake and status are low in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2012 Sep;82(5):605-10. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.191. Epub 2012 May 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 26295257Scheiber D, Veulemans V, Horn P, Chatrou ML, Potthoff SA, Kelm M, Schurgers LJ, Westenfeld R. High-Dose Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Reduces Cardiovascular Calcification in a Murine Model of Extraosseous Calcification. Nutrients. 2015 Aug 18;7(8):6991-7011. doi: 10.3390/nu7085318.
- Results publication: PubMed 25804678De Vriese AS, Caluwe R, Bailleul E, De Bacquer D, Borrey D, Van Vlem B, Vandecasteele SJ, Emmerechts J. Dose-finding study of rivaroxaban in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Jul;66(1):91-8. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.01.022. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
- Results publication: PubMed 10816185Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, Yoon C, Gales B, Sider D, Wang Y, Chung J, Emerick A, Greaser L, Elashoff RM, Salusky IB. Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 18;342(20):1478-83. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005183422003.
- Results publication: PubMed 22516722Gundberg CM, Lian JB, Booth SL. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of osteocalcin: friend or foe? Adv Nutr. 2012 Mar 1;3(2):149-57. doi: 10.3945/an.112.001834.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Rocío Pérez Abud, PhD principal investigator
Universidad Católica de Salta
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Vitamin K 2 in people with Renal Disease, run by Catholic University of Salta.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Sep 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
EFFECT OF VITAMIN K2 ON VASCULAR CALCIFICATION (time frame: 6 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04539418, which also lists 32 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Sep 2020.