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Relapsing Remitting Multiple SclerosisPhase 3OVERLORD-MSNCT04578639

Ocrelizumab VErsus Rituximab Off-Label at the Onset of Relapsing MS Disease

A Phase 3 study testing Rituximab and Ocrelizumab in people with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, run by Haukeland University Hospital at 12 sites in 2 countries.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

This is a multicenter non-inferiority study, designed to establish non-inferiority of the study treatment rituximab compared with the comparator ocrelizumab for consecutively included patients (male or female) with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis aged 18-60 years. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 60 years
Conditions the study is for
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
What is being tested?
Rituximab and Ocrelizumab
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
214 participants
Where
12 sitesin 2 countries
Study dates
2 Nov 2020to 14 Sep 2025
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 60 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Male and female patients, treatment naïve, and aged between 18 and 60 years included
  • Women of childbearing potential1 (WOCBP) able and willing to use highly effective methods of birth control2 per ICH M3 (R2) that result in a low failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly for the duration of the study OR until 3 months after last dose administered.
  • A diagnosis of RRMS according to the 2017 revised diagnostic criteria of McDonald (Thompson, Banwell et al. 2018) within the last 12 months.
  • Disease activity defined as ≥ 1 relapse3 or ≥ 1 new MRI lesion during the last 12 months
  • EDSS score ≤ 4.0
  • Absence of comorbidity or drug abuse that preclude study participation
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  • Able to complete treatment or follow-up visits in the study (e.g. no contraindications for MRI or plans of moving)
  • Able to understand written and spoken Norwegian or English
  • Capable of giving signed informed consent as described in Appendix 1.2 which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and in this protocol.

Who cannot join

  • Known hypersensitivity or other known side effects for any of the study medications, including co-medications such as high glucocorticosteroids
  • A diagnosis of primary progressive MS according to the revised diagnostic criteria of McDonald (Thompson, Banwell et al. 2018)
  • A disease course of secondary progressive MS (Lublin, Reingold et al. 2014)
  • Any ongoing infection, including tuberculosis, hepatitis virus or HIV, as well as hepatitis B surface antigen positivity and/or hepatitis C PCR positivity verified at screening visit.
  • Prior or current psychiatric illness, mental deficiency or cognitive dysfunction influencing the patient ability to make an informed consent or comply with the treatment and follow-up phases of this protocol.
  • Cardiac insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, significant cardiac dysrhythmia, unstable or advanced ischemic heart disease (NYHA III or IV)
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  • Active malignancy or prior history of malignancy except localized basal cell, squamous skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix.
  • WBC < 1.5 x 109/L if not caused by a reversible effect of documented ongoing medication. If WBC < 1.5 x 109/L is caused by a reversible effect of documented ongoing medication the WBC count must be > 1,5 x 109/L before start of study treatment.
  • Platelet (thrombocyte) count < 100 x 109/L
  • ALAT and/or ASAT more than 2 times the upper normal reference limit (ULN)
  • Serum creatinine > 200 µmol/L
  • Serum bilirubin > ULN
  • Pregnancy or lactating female patients
  • Any disease that can influence the patient safety and compliance, or the evaluation of disability
  • History of serious or life-threatening infusion reaction to ocrelizumab or rituximab, if previously treated with these medications for other diseases than MS
  • Previous use of MS-therapies such as natalizumab, fingolimod, interferons, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, cladribine, rituximab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, hematopoietic stem cell therapy (HSCT) or other immunosuppression therapies with long lasting effects, or any other disease modifying therapy (DMT) for MS. If any of these medications have been used against other diseases than MS, patients can be included if the medications have not been used the previous year before enrollment.
  • Currently enrolled in another investigational device or drug study, or less than 30 days since ending another investigational device or drug study (s), or receiving other investigational treatment(s). Patients participating in a purely observational trial will not be excluded.
  • Presence of metallic objects implanted in the body, or allergy to MRI contrast that would preclude the ability of the patient to safely have MRI exams
  • Current alcohol or drug dependencies

Trial locations and contacts

12 sites in 2 countries.

12 sites in 2 countries

Norway11 sites
  • Haukeland University Hospital

    Bergen

  • Nordlandsykehuset HF

    Bodø

  • Vestre Viken sykehus

    Drammen

  • Sørlandet Sykehus

    Kristiansand

  • Molde sjukehus

    Molde

  • Sykehuset Namsos

    Namsos

  • Oslo University Hospital HF

    Oslo, 0424

  • Akershus University Hospital

    Oslo, 1478

  • Sykehuset Telemark

    Skien

  • Stavanger University Hospital HF

    Stavanger, 4068

  • University Hospital North Norway

    Tromsø

Other trials in Norway

Sweden1 site
  • Karolinska Hospital

    Stockholm

Other trials in Sweden

About this study

Official title: Ocrelizumab VErsus Rituximab Off-Label at the Onset of Relapsing

This is a multicenter non-inferiority study, designed to establish non-inferiority of the study treatment rituximab compared with the comparator ocrelizumab for consecutively included patients (male or female) with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis aged 18-60 years.

Read the detailed description

The objective of the study is to demonstrate if rituximab is non-inferior to ocrelizumab with regards to efficacy and safety in treatment naïve RRMS patients, diagnosed within the last 12 months.

To test this hypothesis, the investigators aim to perform a 30-months (24 + 6 months) prospective randomized double blinded multicenter non-inferiority study to compare rituximab to ocrelizumab in RRMS.

MS disease activity as measured by brain MRI is more sensitive as compared to clinical disease activity as measured by number of relapses or disability progression. New or enlarging MRI T2 lesions is regarded an acceptable marker of disease activity, and is routinely used in clinical practice by annual examinations (Thompson, Baranzini et al. 2018) (Thompson, Banwell et al. 2018). The investigators will therefore use the proportion of patients with no new or enlarging T2-weighted brain MRI lesions from month 6 to month 24 as the primary endpoint of this study.

Secondary objectives are included to further evaluate potential the difference or similarities in effectiveness between the treatments (disability progression, relapse rate, T25FW, 9-HPT, SDMT), to evaluate the difference in safety issues (most notably hematological complications, infections, malignancies, infusion reactions and other serious adverse events) and to evaluate the difference in patient reported outcomes by evaluation of working status, fatigue, anxiety and depressive symptoms, quality of life and treatment satisfaction (EQ-5D, MSIS-29, FSMC, and SDMT). The exploratory outcomes are included to evaluate specific blood samples and plasma biomarkers for treatment response (sNFL and CD19+ cell counts) and side effects (hypogammaglobulinemia and neutropenia) of the two treatments, differences in vaccination status (pneumococcus and/or influenza) and to determine the predictive value of BICAMS for the individual patient.

Being tested
Rituximab, Ocrelizumab
Keywords
RRMS, MS
Medical subject headings
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • RituximabDrug

    Also called mabthera

    A prospective randomized double blinded multicenter non-inferiority study designed to establish non-inferiority of the study treatment rituximab compared with the comparator ocrelizumab for consecutively included patients (male or female) with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis aged 18-60 years. Active substance is biosimilar rituximab iv infusion and comparator is ocrelizumab (Ocrevus ®) iv infusion. Both treatments are given as infusion at month 0, month 6, month 12, month 18 and month 24. Randomization rituximab: ocrelizumab is 3:2. The primary end-point is proportion of patients with no new or enlarging T2-weighted brain MRI lesions between re-baselining at month 6 and month 24.

  • OcrelizumabDrug

    Also called ocrevus

    A prospective randomized double blinded multicenter non-inferiority study designed to establish non-inferiority of the study treatment rituximab compared with the comparator ocrelizumab for consecutively included patients (male or female) with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis aged 18-60 years. Active substance is biosimilar rituximab iv infusion and comparator is ocrelizumab (Ocrevus ®) iv infusion. Both treatments are given as infusion at month 0, month 6, month 12, month 18 and month 24. Randomization rituximab: ocrelizumab is 3:2. The primary end-point is proportion of patients with no new or enlarging T2-weighted brain MRI lesions between re-baselining at month 6 and month 24.

Study groups in NCT04578639
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
RituximabExperimentalRituximab will be given as infusion at week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78, and week 104 unless there is a reason for schedule modifications (see Section 6.3). Each infusion is given over approximately 4 hours and follow local guidelines for infusion. Initial dose; 1000 mg Subsequent doses; 500 mg
Receives: Drug: Rituximab
OcrelizumabActive comparatorOcrelizumab will be given as infusion at week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78, and week 104 unless there is a reason for schedule modifications (see Section 6.3). Each infusion is given over approximately 4 hours and follow local guidelines for infusion. Initial and subsequent doses; 600 mg
Receives: Drug: Ocrelizumab

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Proportion without new MRI activity

    Proportion of patients with no new or enlarging T2-weighted brain MRI lesions

    Measured: From month 6 (re-baseline) to month 24

Secondary outcomes (20)
  1. Proportion of patients with 6-months confirmed disability progression (6M-CDP)

    Proportion of patients with 6-months confirmed disability progression (6M-CDP) as measured by the Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (Kurtzke 1983) from baseline to month 24. CDP-EDSS defined as an increase of one point in the EDSS score confirmed after 6 months, with an absence of relapse at the time of assessment.

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  2. Proportion of patients with 6-months confirmed disability improvement (6M-CDI)

    Proportion of patients with 6-months confirmed disability improvement (6M-CDI) as measured by the Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (Kurtzke 1983) from baseline to month 24. CDI-EDSS is defined as a decrease of one point in the EDSS score, confirmed after 6 months, with an absence of relapse at the time of assessment.

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  3. Annual relapse rate

    The annual relapse rate from baseline to month 24

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  4. Proportion of patients without relapses

    Proportion of patients without relapses from baseline to month 24

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  5. Proportion of patients with 6M-CDP in T25FW

    Proportion of patients with 6M-CDP in T25FW (Cutter, Baier et al. 1999) from baseline to month 24. 6M-CDP in T25FW is defined as patients experiencing an increase of ≥20% from baseline which is confirmed after 6 months (Bosma, Kragt et al. 2010, Motl, Cohen et al. 2017).

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  6. Proportion of patients with 6M-CDP in 9-HPT

    Proportion of patients with 6M-CDP in 9-HPT (Cutter, Baier et al. 1999) 8.2.6) from baseline to month 24. 6M-CDP in 9HPT is defined as patients experiencing an increase of ≥20% from baseline which is confirmed after 6 months (Bosma, Kragt et al. 2010, Feys, Lamers et al. 2017).

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  7. Proportion of patients with 6M-CDP in SDMT

    Proportion of patients with 6M-CDP in SDMT from baseline to month 24. SDMT is defined as patients experiencing a reduction of 15% from baseline which is confirmed after 6 months (Strober, DeLuca et al. 2019, Marstrand, Osterberg et al. 2020)

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  8. Proportion of patients with no new or enlarging T2-weighted brain MRI lesions

    Proportion of patients with no new or enlarging T2-weighted brain MRI lesions from baseline to month 6, and from baseline to month 24

    Measured: From baseline to month 6, and from baseline to month 24

  9. Proportion of patients without new gadolinium enhancing T1-weighted brain MRI lesions

    Proportion of patients without new gadolinium enhancing T1-weighted brain MRI lesions at month 6, month 12 and month 24

    Measured: At month 6, month 12 and month 24

  10. Change in brain volumes

    Change in brain volumes from baseline to month 24 and from month 6 to month 24

    Measured: From baseline to month 24 and from month 6 to month 24

  11. Frequency of SAE/SAR and AESI during 24 months of treatment

    Overall safety during 24 months of treatment

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  12. The frequency of immediate and delayed infusion reactions

    The frequency of immediate and delayed infusion reactions during 24 months of treatment

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  13. Frequency of infections

    The frequency of infections during 24 months of treatment

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  14. The frequency any malignancies

    The frequency any malignancies during 24 months of treatment

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  15. Change in the quality of life (MSIS-29)

    The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) is a 29-item self-report measure comprising 20 items associated with a physical scale and 9 items associated with a psychological scale, also translated and validated in Norwegian.

    Patients are asked about the impact of MS on day-to-day life in the last 2 weeks. All items have 5 response options from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Each of the 2 scales are scored by adding up the responses across items, then converting to a 0 to 100 scale, where 100 indicates greater impact of disease on daily function (worse health).

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  16. Change in Health related Anxiety and Depression as measured by HADS

    The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a questionnaire developed to screen anxiety and depression among patients in hospital settings. It consists of two subscales, one measuring anxiety, with seven items, and another measuring depression, with seven items. The two subscales are scored separately. The scale has been validated for use among MS patients as a screening instrument for symptoms of psychological distress. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety and depression.

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  17. Change in the fatigue (FSMC)

    The Fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions (FSMC) is a method for evaluating fatigue in multiple sclerosis and other neurological conditions. The FSMC was developed and validated on a large sample of MS patients and healthy controls and includes subscales for both physical (motor) and mental (cognitive) aspects of fatigue. It was tested against 2 other validated fatigue scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), and found to have better sensitivity and specificity than either of these instruments (Penner, Raselli et al. 2009). The FSMC has also undergone linguistic validation in over 20 languages, including Norwegian.

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  18. Change in EQ-5D score

    The EQ-5D-5L self-report questionnaire essentially consists of 2 pages comprising:

    • The descriptive system (five dimensions of health; namely mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression). Each dimension comprises three levels (no problems, some/moderate problems/extreme problems).
    • The EQ-VAS (visual analogue scale) which records the patient's self-rated health status on a vertical graduated (0 - 100) VAS.

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  19. Change in employment status

    Patients will be asked about employment status at each visit (according to the following criteria: employed, unemployed, part-time employed, disability pension).

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

  20. The frequency of anti-drug-antibodies

    The frequency of anti-drug-antibodies during 24 months of treatment

    Measured: From baseline to month 24

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted8 Oct 2020
  2. Study start2 Nov 2020
  3. Primary completion14 Aug 2025 (estimated)
  4. Study completion14 Sep 2025 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
A prospective randomized double blinded multicenter non-inferiority study designed to establish non-inferiority of the study treatment rituximab compared with the comparator ocrelizumab for consecutively included patients (male or female) with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis aged 18-60 years.
Masking
Triple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
214 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04578639
Sponsor's protocol ID
2020-001205-23
Acronym
OVERLORD-MS
Status last verified
Jun 2025
First submitted
22 Sep 2020
Last updated
27 Jun 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Serkland TT, Oma AF, Hallin EI, Overas MH, Nygaard GO, Myhr KM, Torkildsen O, Roblitz S, Skrede S. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Repeated Ocrelizumab Dosing in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2026 Aug 28. doi: 10.1007/s40262-026-01692-8. Online ahead of print.

    PubMed 42663866
  • Torkildsen O, Brustad HK, Hogestol EA, Alstadhaug KB, Bhan A, Flemmen HO, Habbestad A, Hoglund RAA, LeBlanc M, Lopen P, Lorentzen AR, Morsund AH, Lossius A, Lundby R, Nygaard GO, Rod BE, Simonsen CS, Steffensen L, Torgauten H, Piehl F, Wergeland S, Myhr KM; OVERLORD-MS Investigators. Rituximab versus Ocrelizumab in Newly Diagnosed Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2026 Jul 2;395(1):44-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2600993.

    PubMed 42384870

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing Rituximab and Ocrelizumab in people with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, run by Haukeland University Hospital at 12 sites in 2 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 12 sites in Norway, Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Proportion without new MRI activity (time frame: From month 6 (re-baseline) to month 24). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04578639, which also lists 2 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jun 2025.

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