AnxietyNCT04585061
A Novel Approach in Reducing Dental Pain and Anxiety of Pediatric Patient During Local Anesthesia.
A study testing Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) and Xylitol in people with Anxiety and Pain, run by Riyadh Elm University at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of sweet in compare to virtual reality (VR) device in reducing injection pain and anxiety associated with local anesthesia in pediatric dental patients. The clinical trial is a randomized split-mouth assignment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 5 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- What is being tested?
- Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) and Xylitol
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion, Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 31 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSaudi Arabia
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2020to 18 Feb 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 5 to 12 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Patients, identified as positive or definitely positive through Frankl behavioral rating scale.
- Children, requiring local anesthesia infiltration for conservative treatment of two primary upper jaw molars bilaterally.
- Children without previous experience with local anesthesia for dental treatment.
- Obtained informed consent from parents or gave-givers to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Children who are considered medically compromised or medically complex patients. The absence of disease is confirmed by anamnestic interview with a parent or a care-giver of the child and excludes general acute or chronic disease, cognitive impairment, psychogenic non-epileptic events, sensitivity to flashing light or motion.
- Vision requiring correction with eyeglasses.
- Recent injury to the eyes or face that prevents comfortable use of VR hardware or software.
- Patients who are undergoing therapy with neurological, sedative, analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory drugs 7 days prior to treatment.
- Patients with allergy to local anesthetics, xylitol.
- Children, who are first time ever dental patients.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: A Novel Approach in Reducing Dental Pain and Anxiety of Pediatric Patient During Local Anesthesia. A Clinical Experimental Study
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of sweet in compare to virtual reality (VR) device in reducing injection pain and anxiety associated with local anesthesia in pediatric dental patients.
The clinical trial is a randomized split-mouth assignment. Included patients are 5 - 12 years old requiring local anesthetic infiltration with conventional syringe (CS) for conservative treatment of two primary maxillary molars bilaterally.
Eligible patients undergo two single-visit treatments after CFSS-DS measurement before each, whereas sweet is allocated to first local anesthesia procedure and VR is allocated to second local anesthesia procedure. Primary outcome measure will be pain felt during injection, reported by patient on visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcome measures: self-reported anxiety during injection on FIS; pain-related behavior according to FLACC scale; heart-rate dynamics; patient preference to local anesthesia method - CS+sweet or CS+VR.
Read the detailed description
Achieving local anesthesia in children is one of the critical aspects of pain management and they effect the quality of treatment as well as behavior of child.
A contemporary engaging form of distraction is represented by virtual reality devices. Virtual reality (VR) devices create a virtual environment of view and sound that allow patients to be immersed in an interactive, simulated world to distract them from pain. The VR devices have a wide viewing field and three-dimensional displays that project the images right in front of the user. They not only show potentially attractive audio-visual stimuli, but also exclude all other visual environmental stimuli that may affect the patient.
While sweet-tasting reduce signs of pain during painful procedures. This effect is considered to be mediated both by the release of endorphins and by a pre absorptive mechanism related to the sweet taste.
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of sweet-testing compare to a virtual reality (VR) device in reducing injection pain and anxiety associated with local anesthesia in pediatric dental patients.
The device used in this study is Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru, compatible with a mobile phone.
The sweet used is xylitol tablet The clinical trial is a randomized split-mouth assignment. Included patients are healthy positive children 5-12 years old requiring local anesthetic infiltration for conservative treatment of two primary maxillary molars bilaterally.
Eligible patients undergo two single-visit treatments after measurement of dental fear prior to each according to the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Local anesthetic is delivered through buccal infiltration with conventional syringe, where is the sweet-test applied with first local anesthesia procedure and the virtual reality distraction is allocated to second local anesthesia procedure. Primary outcome measure will be pain felt during injection, reported by patient on visual analogue scale. Secondary outcome measures: self-reported anxiety during injection on Facial Image Scale; pain-related behavior according to Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale; heart-rate dynamics; patient preference to local anesthesia method - sweet test infiltration or virtual reality device-assisted injection.
- Being tested
- Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru), Xylitol
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Lidocaine HydrochlorideDrug
Also called lignocaine
1.8ml of 2%Lidocaine HCl to be administered via a 21mm needle
Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru)Device
Also called VR
Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) is placed on the face of the patient, playing a video of Tom and Jerry cartoon.
Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized
XylitolDietary supplement
Also called Xylitol candy
Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized while xylitol tablet putted under tongue
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| sweet test group | Active comparator | Local anesthesia with conventional syringe Procedure: Local anesthesia with conventional syringe + xylitol sublingual tablet Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized. Receives: Drug: Lidocaine Hydrochloride; Dietary Supplement: Xylitol |
| Virtual reality group | Active comparator | Local anesthesia with conventional syringe + VR device Device: Local anesthesia with conventional syringe + VR device Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) is placed on the face of the patient, playing a video of Tom and Jerry cartoon.
Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized. Receives: Drug: Lidocaine Hydrochloride; Device: Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain felt during injection using visual analogue scale
Self-reported pain by the patient immediately after local anaesthesia infiltration using a VAS (visual analogue scale), containing a combination of Numeric Rating Scale (0-10, where 0 means no pain, 10 - worst possible pain) and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, including pictures of facial expressions with correlating numbers of 0-10 (0 being 'no hurt' and 10 being 'hurts worst'). The combination allows children to pick a facial expression, that corresponds with their pain and see a number that matches it.
Measured: Immediately after local anesthetic delivery
Secondary outcomes (4)
Pain-related behavior evaluated on the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Behavioral Pain Rating Scale
Evaluated by the outcomes assessor. The FLACC scale has five criteria - Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability, which are each assigned a score of 0, 1 or 2. Total score of scale is summed in range 0 to 10, where: 0=relaxed and comfortable; 1-3=mild discomfort; 4-6=moderate pain; 7-10=severe pain
Measured: During local anesthesia procedure
Self-reported anxiety during injection evaluated on FIS
The Facial Image Scale (FIS) comprises a row of five faces from very unhappy (score 5) to very happy (score 1).
Measured: Immediately after local anesthetic delivery
Heart rate dynamics of the patient
Patient's left index finger is connected to a portable recording pulse oximeter for children.
Measured: Baseline (Start: in the waiting room), at least 5 minutes before local anaesthesia procedure. End: at least 5 minutes after treatment.
Assessment of self-reported dental fear on CFSS-DS questionnaire
After each procedure
Measured: At least 5 minutes before local anesthesia
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Oct 2020
- Study start1 Nov 2020
- Primary completion18 Feb 2021
- Study completion18 Feb 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Randomized Intervention Model: Split-mouth assignment
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riyadh Elm University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Abdulrahman Alasmari, Riyadh Elm University
- Investigators
- AbdulRahman Alasmari, Resident, Principal investigator, Riyadh Elm University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04585061
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FPGRP/2020/489/269
- Status last verified
- Nov 2021
- First submitted
- 2 Oct 2020
- Last updated
- 11 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Buchanan H, Niven N. Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002 Jan;12(1):47-52.
PubMed 11853248Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):293-7.
PubMed 9220806von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007 Jan;127(1-2):140-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
PubMed 16996689Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C, Merkel S, Tait AR. The revised FLACC observational pain tool: improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Mar;16(3):258-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01773.x.
PubMed 16490089ten Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002 Apr;30(2):101-7. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300203.x.
PubMed 12000350Keefe FJ, Rumble ME, Scipio CD, Giordano LA, Perri LM. Psychological aspects of persistent pain: current state of the science. J Pain. 2004 May;5(4):195-211. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.02.576.
PubMed 15162342Locker D, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Psychological disorder, conditioning experiences, and the onset of dental anxiety in early adulthood. J Dent Res. 2001 Jun;80(6):1588-92. doi: 10.1177/00220345010800062201.
PubMed 11499519Thomson WM, Locker D, Poulton R. Incidence of dental anxiety in young adults in relation to dental treatment experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000 Aug;28(4):289-94. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280407.x.
PubMed 10901408Bikmoradi A, Khaleghverdi M, Seddighi I, Moradkhani S, Soltanian A, Cheraghi F. Effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on pain associated with intravenous catheter insertion in preschool children: A quasi-experimental study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Aug;28:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 May 24.
PubMed 28779942Zhang C, Qin D, Shen L, Ji P, Wang J. Does audiovisual distraction reduce dental anxiety in children under local anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2019 Mar;25(2):416-424. doi: 10.1111/odi.12849. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
PubMed 29498793Messieha Z. Risks of general anesthesia for the special needs dental patient. Spec Care Dentist. 2009 Jan-Feb;29(1):21-5; quiz 67-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2008.00058.x.
PubMed 19152564
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Novel Approach in Reducing Dental Pain and Anxiety of Pediatric Patient During Local Anesthesia. A Clinical Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04585061
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FPGRP/2020/489/269
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riyadh Elm UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Feb 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Oct 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of sweet in compare to virtual reality (VR) device in reducing injection pain and anxiety associated with local anesthesia in pediatric dental patients.
The clinical trial is a randomized split-mouth assignment. Included patients are 5 - 12 years old requiring local anesthetic infiltration with conventional syringe (CS) for conservative treatment of two primary maxillary molars bilaterally.
Eligible patients undergo two single-visit treatments after CFSS-DS measurement before each, whereas sweet is allocated to first local anesthesia procedure and VR is allocated to second local anesthesia procedure. Primary outcome measure will be pain felt during injection, reported by patient on visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcome measures: self-reported anxiety during injection on FIS; pain-related behavior according to FLACC scale; heart-rate dynamics; patient preference to local anesthesia method - CS+sweet or CS+VR.
Detailed description
Achieving local anesthesia in children is one of the critical aspects of pain management and they effect the quality of treatment as well as behavior of child.
A contemporary engaging form of distraction is represented by virtual reality devices. Virtual reality (VR) devices create a virtual environment of view and sound that allow patients to be immersed in an interactive, simulated world to distract them from pain. The VR devices have a wide viewing field and three-dimensional displays that project the images right in front of the user. They not only show potentially attractive audio-visual stimuli, but also exclude all other visual environmental stimuli that may affect the patient.
While sweet-tasting reduce signs of pain during painful procedures. This effect is considered to be mediated both by the release of endorphins and by a pre absorptive mechanism related to the sweet taste.
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of sweet-testing compare to a virtual reality (VR) device in reducing injection pain and anxiety associated with local anesthesia in pediatric dental patients.
The device used in this study is Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru, compatible with a mobile phone.
The sweet used is xylitol tablet The clinical trial is a randomized split-mouth assignment. Included patients are healthy positive children 5-12 years old requiring local anesthetic infiltration for conservative treatment of two primary maxillary molars bilaterally.
Eligible patients undergo two single-visit treatments after measurement of dental fear prior to each according to the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Local anesthetic is delivered through buccal infiltration with conventional syringe, where is the sweet-test applied with first local anesthesia procedure and the virtual reality distraction is allocated to second local anesthesia procedure. Primary outcome measure will be pain felt during injection, reported by patient on visual analogue scale. Secondary outcome measures: self-reported anxiety during injection on Facial Image Scale; pain-related behavior according to Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale; heart-rate dynamics; patient preference to local anesthesia method - sweet test infiltration or virtual reality device-assisted injection.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Intervention Model: Split-mouth assignment
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| sweet test group | Active comparator | Drug: Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Dietary Supplement: XylitolLocal anesthesia with conventional syringe Procedure: Local anesthesia with conventional syringe + xylitol sublingual tablet Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized. |
| Virtual reality group | Active comparator | Drug: Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Device: Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru)Local anesthesia with conventional syringe + VR device Device: Local anesthesia with conventional syringe + VR device Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) is placed on the face of the patient, playing a video of Tom and Jerry cartoon. Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 5 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients, identified as positive or definitely positive through Frankl behavioral rating scale.
- Children, requiring local anesthesia infiltration for conservative treatment of two primary upper jaw molars bilaterally.
- Children without previous experience with local anesthesia for dental treatment.
- Obtained informed consent from parents or gave-givers to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Children who are considered medically compromised or medically complex patients. The absence of disease is confirmed by anamnestic interview with a parent or a care-giver of the child and excludes general acute or chronic disease, cognitive impairment, psychogenic non-epileptic events, sensitivity to flashing light or motion.
- Vision requiring correction with eyeglasses.
- Recent injury to the eyes or face that prevents comfortable use of VR hardware or software.
- Patients who are undergoing therapy with neurological, sedative, analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory drugs 7 days prior to treatment.
- Patients with allergy to local anesthetics, xylitol.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Lidocaine HydrochlorideAlso: lignocaine1.8ml of 2%Lidocaine HCl to be administered via a 21mm needle | Drug | Virtual reality group, sweet test group |
| Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru)Also: VRVirtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) is placed on the face of the patient, playing a video of Tom and Jerry cartoon. Buccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized | Device | Virtual reality group |
| XylitolAlso: Xylitol candyBuccal infiltration in posterior maxillary region with traditional technique. A 27 gauge short needle is inserted in the mucobuccal fold above the tooth to be anesthetized while xylitol tablet putted under tongue | Dietary supplement | sweet test group |
Primary outcome
Pain felt during injection using visual analogue scale
Time frame: Immediately after local anesthetic delivery
Self-reported pain by the patient immediately after local anaesthesia infiltration using a VAS (visual analogue scale), containing a combination of Numeric Rating Scale (0-10, where 0 means no pain, 10 - worst possible pain) and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, including pictures of facial expressions with correlating numbers of 0-10 (0 being 'no hurt' and 10 being 'hurts worst'). The combination allows children to pick a facial expression, that corresponds with their pain and see a number that matches it.
4 secondary outcomes
Pain-related behavior evaluated on the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Behavioral Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: During local anesthesia procedure
Self-reported anxiety during injection evaluated on FIS
Time frame: Immediately after local anesthetic delivery
Heart rate dynamics of the patient
Time frame: Baseline (Start: in the waiting room), at least 5 minutes before local anaesthesia procedure. End: at least 5 minutes after treatment.
Assessment of self-reported dental fear on CFSS-DS questionnaire
Time frame: At least 5 minutes before local anesthesia
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Nov 2021.
- Results publication: PubMed 11853248Buchanan H, Niven N. Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002 Jan;12(1):47-52.
- Results publication: PubMed 9220806Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):293-7.
- Results publication: PubMed 16996689von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007 Jan;127(1-2):140-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
- Results publication: PubMed 16490089Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C, Merkel S, Tait AR. The revised FLACC observational pain tool: improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Mar;16(3):258-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01773.x.
- Results publication: PubMed 12000350ten Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002 Apr;30(2):101-7. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300203.x.
- Results publication: PubMed 15162342Keefe FJ, Rumble ME, Scipio CD, Giordano LA, Perri LM. Psychological aspects of persistent pain: current state of the science. J Pain. 2004 May;5(4):195-211. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.02.576.
- Results publication: PubMed 11499519Locker D, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Psychological disorder, conditioning experiences, and the onset of dental anxiety in early adulthood. J Dent Res. 2001 Jun;80(6):1588-92. doi: 10.1177/00220345010800062201.
- Results publication: PubMed 10901408Thomson WM, Locker D, Poulton R. Incidence of dental anxiety in young adults in relation to dental treatment experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000 Aug;28(4):289-94. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280407.x.
- Results publication: PubMed 28779942Bikmoradi A, Khaleghverdi M, Seddighi I, Moradkhani S, Soltanian A, Cheraghi F. Effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on pain associated with intravenous catheter insertion in preschool children: A quasi-experimental study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Aug;28:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 May 24.
- Results publication: PubMed 29498793Zhang C, Qin D, Shen L, Ji P, Wang J. Does audiovisual distraction reduce dental anxiety in children under local anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2019 Mar;25(2):416-424. doi: 10.1111/odi.12849. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
- Results publication: PubMed 19152564Messieha Z. Risks of general anesthesia for the special needs dental patient. Spec Care Dentist. 2009 Jan-Feb;29(1):21-5; quiz 67-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2008.00058.x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
AbdulRahman Alasmari, Resident principal investigator
Riyadh Elm University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Virtual reality device (Harga Miniso Vr Glass 3d terbaru) and Xylitol in people with Anxiety and Pain, run by Riyadh Elm University at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Saudi Arabia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain felt during injection using visual analogue scale (time frame: Immediately after local anesthetic delivery). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04585061, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Nov 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.