Sports Physical TherapyNCT04636281
Comparison of Active and Passive Static Stretching in Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness of Recreational Body Builders
A study testing Active and passive static stretching exercises in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 2 sites in Pakistan.
Trial summary
To find out the better treatment options from active and passive static stretching in delayed onset of muscle soreness in recreational body players. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Active and passive static stretching exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 144 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesPakistan
- Study dates
- 20 Mar 2020to 30 Sep 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Recreational Body Builders are Included
Who cannot join
- Individuals with disc herniation and
- Acute muscle soreness are excluded
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Pakistan2 sites
Shahif international Gym
Islamabad, Federal, 44000
Liaqat Gym
Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, 46000
About this study
To find out the better treatment options from active and passive static stretching in delayed onset of muscle soreness in recreational body players.
Read the detailed description
After registering participant's randomization will be done through sealed envelope method and will be allocated in both groups equally. Group 1 will receive passive static stretching while group 2 will receive active static stretching. All subjects will be assessed before the intervention through likert muscle soreness scale, Numeric Rating Pain Scale and range of motion for Shoulder, elbow, and wrist by a Goniometer. After that all subjects will perform eccentric exhaust weight exercises in the gym of all mentioned joints, three sets at each joint. Before giving the intervention they will assess of all mentioned parameters. Group 1 groups will perform passive static stretching and group 2 will perform active static stretching. At the end of the intervention participants will be assessed again using the same parameters. Statistical analysis will be carried out to compare the outcomes measures of both groups.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Active and passive static stretching exercises
- Keywords
- Active Stretching, PassiveStretching, Recreational body players
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active and passive static stretching exercisesOther
Different group of muscles will be stretched one by one, tricep brachii, bicep brachii, wrist exentsor etc
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Passive static stretching exercise | Experimental | Group 1 will receive passive static stretching. All subjects will be assessed before the intervention through likert muscle soreness scale, Numeric Rating Pain Scale and range of motion for Shoulder, elbow, and wrist by a Goniometer. After that all subjects will perform eccentric exhaust weight exercises in the gym of all mentioned joints, three sets at each joint. Before giving the intervention they will assess of all mentioned parameters. Receives: Other: Active and passive static stretching exercises |
| Active static stretching | Experimental | Group 2 will receive active static stretching. All subjects will be assessed before the intervention through likert muscle soreness scale, Numeric Rating Pain Scale and range of motion for Shoulder, elbow, and wrist by a Goniometer. After that all subjects will perform eccentric exhaust weight exercises in the gym of all mentioned joints, three sets at each joint. Before giving the intervention they will assess of all mentioned parameters. Receives: Other: Active and passive static stretching exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numerical Pain Rating Scale
Assesses the subjective intensity of pain; ages 18 and above
Measured: 8 weeks
Goniometer
A goniometer is an instrument which measures the available range of motion at a joint.
Range of measurements flexion extension, abduction adduction, internal and external rotation, elbow flexion and extension wrist flexion and extension and radial and ulner deviation
Measured: 8 weeks
Likert muscle Soreness Scale
Scale Description 0 An absence of soreness
- A light pain felt only when touched / a vague ache
- A moderate pain felt only when touched / a slight persistent pain
- A light pain when walking up or down stairs
- A light pain when walking on a flat surface / painful
- A moderate pain, stiffness or weakness when walking / very painful
- A severe pain that limits my ability to move
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Nov 2020
- Study start20 Mar 2020
- Primary completion30 Sep 2021
- Study completion30 Sep 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 144 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Suhail Karim, PP-DPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04636281
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/00719 Riaz Ahmed
- Status last verified
- Oct 2021
- First submitted
- 15 Nov 2020
- Last updated
- 20 Oct 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Smith M. Effect of Myofascial Decompression on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. 2018.
Paulsen G, Mikkelsen UR, Raastad T, Peake JM. Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: what role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise? Exerc Immunol Rev. 2012;18:42-97.
PubMed 22876722Paschalis V, Margaritelis NV, Chatzinikolaou PN, Theodorou AA, Nikolaidis MG. Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage: An Introductory Guide. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2026 Mar 26;11(2):139. doi: 10.3390/jfmk11020139.
PubMed 42029507Pearcey GE, Bradbury-Squires DJ, Kawamoto JE, Drinkwater EJ, Behm DG, Button DC. Foam rolling for delayed-onset muscle soreness and recovery of dynamic performance measures. J Athl Train. 2015 Jan;50(1):5-13. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.01. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
PubMed 25415413Jamtvedt G, Herbert RD, Flottorp S, Odgaard-Jensen J, Havelsrud K, Barratt A, Mathieu E, Burls A, Oxman AD. A pragmatic randomised trial of stretching before and after physical activity to prevent injury and soreness. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Nov;44(14):1002-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.062232. Epub 2009 Jun 11.
PubMed 19525241Xie Y, Feng B, Chen K, Andersen LL, Page P, Wang Y. The Efficacy of Dynamic Contract-Relax Stretching on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Among Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin J Sport Med. 2018 Jan;28(1):28-36. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000442.
PubMed 28742609Kanda K, Sugama K, Hayashida H, Sakuma J, Kawakami Y, Miura S, Yoshioka H, Mori Y, Suzuki K. Eccentric exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness and changes in markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2013;19:72-85.
PubMed 23977721
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Oct 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Active and Passive Static Stretching in Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness of Recreational Body Builders
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04636281
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/00719 Riaz Ahmed
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Active Stretching, PassiveStretching, Recreational body players
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 144 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To find out the better treatment options from active and passive static stretching in delayed onset of muscle soreness in recreational body players.
Detailed description
After registering participant's randomization will be done through sealed envelope method and will be allocated in both groups equally. Group 1 will receive passive static stretching while group 2 will receive active static stretching. All subjects will be assessed before the intervention through likert muscle soreness scale, Numeric Rating Pain Scale and range of motion for Shoulder, elbow, and wrist by a Goniometer. After that all subjects will perform eccentric exhaust weight exercises in the gym of all mentioned joints, three sets at each joint. Before giving the intervention they will assess of all mentioned parameters. Group 1 groups will perform passive static stretching and group 2 will perform active static stretching. At the end of the intervention participants will be assessed again using the same parameters. Statistical analysis will be carried out to compare the outcomes measures of both groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Passive static stretching exercise | Experimental | Other: Active and passive static stretching exercisesGroup 1 will receive passive static stretching. All subjects will be assessed before the intervention through likert muscle soreness scale, Numeric Rating Pain Scale and range of motion for Shoulder, elbow, and wrist by a Goniometer. After that all subjects will perform eccentric exhaust weight exercises in the gym of all mentioned joints, three sets at each joint. Before giving the intervention they will assess of all mentioned parameters. |
| Active static stretching | Experimental | Other: Active and passive static stretching exercisesGroup 2 will receive active static stretching. All subjects will be assessed before the intervention through likert muscle soreness scale, Numeric Rating Pain Scale and range of motion for Shoulder, elbow, and wrist by a Goniometer. After that all subjects will perform eccentric exhaust weight exercises in the gym of all mentioned joints, three sets at each joint. Before giving the intervention they will assess of all mentioned parameters. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Recreational Body Builders are Included
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Individuals with disc herniation and
- Acute muscle soreness are excluded
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active and passive static stretching exercisesDifferent group of muscles will be stretched one by one, tricep brachii, bicep brachii, wrist exentsor etc | Other | Active static stretching, Passive static stretching exercise |
Primary outcome
Numerical Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: 8 weeks
Assesses the subjective intensity of pain; ages 18 and above
Goniometer
Time frame: 8 weeks
A goniometer is an instrument which measures the available range of motion at a joint. Range of measurements flexion extension, abduction adduction, internal and external rotation, elbow flexion and extension wrist flexion and extension and radial and ulner deviation
Likert muscle Soreness Scale
Time frame: 8 weeks
Scale Description 0 An absence of soreness 1. A light pain felt only when touched / a vague ache 2. A moderate pain felt only when touched / a slight persistent pain 3. A light pain when walking up or down stairs 4. A light pain when walking on a flat surface / painful 5. A moderate pain, stiffness or weakness when walking / very painful 6. A severe pain that limits my ability to move
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Oct 2021.
- BackgroundSmith M. Effect of Myofascial Decompression on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. 2018.
- Background: PubMed 22876722Paulsen G, Mikkelsen UR, Raastad T, Peake JM. Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: what role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise? Exerc Immunol Rev. 2012;18:42-97.
- Background: PubMed 42029507Paschalis V, Margaritelis NV, Chatzinikolaou PN, Theodorou AA, Nikolaidis MG. Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage: An Introductory Guide. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2026 Mar 26;11(2):139. doi: 10.3390/jfmk11020139.
- Background: PubMed 25415413Pearcey GE, Bradbury-Squires DJ, Kawamoto JE, Drinkwater EJ, Behm DG, Button DC. Foam rolling for delayed-onset muscle soreness and recovery of dynamic performance measures. J Athl Train. 2015 Jan;50(1):5-13. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.01. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
- Background: PubMed 19525241Jamtvedt G, Herbert RD, Flottorp S, Odgaard-Jensen J, Havelsrud K, Barratt A, Mathieu E, Burls A, Oxman AD. A pragmatic randomised trial of stretching before and after physical activity to prevent injury and soreness. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Nov;44(14):1002-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.062232. Epub 2009 Jun 11.
- Background: PubMed 28742609Xie Y, Feng B, Chen K, Andersen LL, Page P, Wang Y. The Efficacy of Dynamic Contract-Relax Stretching on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Among Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin J Sport Med. 2018 Jan;28(1):28-36. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000442.
- Background: PubMed 23977721Kanda K, Sugama K, Hayashida H, Sakuma J, Kawakami Y, Miura S, Yoshioka H, Mori Y, Suzuki K. Eccentric exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness and changes in markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2013;19:72-85.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Suhail Karim, PP-DPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active and passive static stretching exercises in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 2 sites in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Oct 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (time frame: 8 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04636281, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Oct 2021.