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HealthyNCT04640883

Effects of Including Sprints During Low-intensity Cycling Exercises on Performance and Muscle/Blood Characteristics

A study testing Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load), Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load) and Recovery for 10 days (low training load) in people with Healthy and Cyclists, run by Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences at 1 site in Norway.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

To investigate the effects of Including 30-s sprints during low-intensity cycling exercises during a training camp on performance and muscle/blood characterisitcs in elite cyclists Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 40 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Healthy, Cyclists
What is being tested?
Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load), Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load) and Recovery for 10 days (low training load)
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
18 participants
Where
1 siteNorway
Study dates
23 Oct 2017to 23 Dec 2017
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 40 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • VO2max > 65ml/kg/min

Who cannot join

  • VO2max < 65ml/kg/min
  • Average endurance training per week >10hrs/wk during the four weeks leading up to the study

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Norway1 site

  • Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

    Lillehammer

Other trials in Norway

About this study

Official title: Effects of Including 30-s Sprints During Low-intensity Cycling Exercises During a Training Camp on Performance and Muscle/Blood Characterisitcs

To investigate the effects of Including 30-s sprints during low-intensity cycling exercises during a training camp on performance and muscle/blood characterisitcs in elite cyclists

Read the detailed description

Inclusion of sprint intervals during low-intensity training (LIT) sessions has been suggested as a potential mean to improve endurance performance in elite cyclists, facilitated by muscular or systemic physiological adaptations. So far, the effects of such training has been studied exclusively in context of short-lasting low-intensity sessions, representing a scenario with suboptimal ecological validity for such highly trained athetes.

This study will investigate the effects of including sprints during prolonged LIT-sessions sessions during a 14-day training camp focusing on LIT, followed by 10 days recovery (REC), on performance and performance-related measures in elite cyclists. During the training camp, a sprint training group will conduct 12x30-s maximal sprints during five LIT sessions, whereas a control group will perform distance-matched LIT-only. Overall, the training camp will lead to substantial increases in training load compared to habitual training in both intervention groups, followed by subsequent reductions during REC. Performance tests will be conducted before the training camp (T0) and after REC (T2). Muscle biopsies, hematological measures and stress/recovery questionnaires will be collected Pre (T0) and after the camp (T1).

The study was pre-registered at Norwegian Center for Research Data (14/08/2017, Norwegian): http://pvo.nsd.no/prosjekt/55322

Conditions
Healthy, Cyclists
Being tested
Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load), Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load), Recovery for 10 days (low training load)
Keywords
Sprint, Low-intensity cycling, Skeletal muscle, Endurance performance

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load)Behavioural

    Inclusion of 12x30-s maximal sprints during five low-intensity cycling sessions with long duration (>fours hours per session). Five sessions will be performed as low-intensity cycling-only (Controll sessions, distance matched). All other sessions will be performed as low-intensity sessions and adjusted according to each participants training load goal to reach an increase of ~50% in load compared to habitual training.

  • Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load)Behavioural

    Five low-intensity cycling sessions (>four hours per session), distance-matched to sprint group.

  • Recovery for 10 days (low training load)Behavioural

    Habitual low-intensity cycling (>0.5-2 hours per session)

Study groups in NCT04640883
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Sprints during low-intensity cyclingExperimentalNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load); Behavioral: Recovery for 10 days (low training load)
Low-intensity cyclingActive comparatorNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load); Behavioral: Recovery for 10 days (low training load)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Performance during a 5-minute all-out cycling test

    Mean power output measured during a 5-minute all-out cycling test performed at the end of a ~2 hour long exercise protocol

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, after REC)

Secondary outcomes (32)

  1. Sprint performance

    Mean power output measured during four consecutive 30-s maximal sprints

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, after REC)

  2. Maximal oxygen uptake

    Maximal oxygen consumption measured during an incremental cycling exercise test to exhaustion

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  3. Maximal aerobic power output

    Maximal aerobic power output measured as mean power output during the last minute of an incremental cycling exercise test to exhaustion

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  4. Gross efficiency (training camp)

    Contribution of total energy turnover to power output in the fresh and fatigued state incremental cycling exercise test (with 5 minute steps)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  5. Gross efficiency (recovery/REC)

    Contribution of total energy turnover to power output in the fresh and fatigued state incremental cycling exercise test (with 5 minute steps)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  6. Power output at lactate threshold (training camp)

    Power output at 4 mmol blood lactate concentration measured during an incremental cycling exercise test (with 5 minute steps)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  7. Power output at lactate threshold (recovery/REC)

    Power output at 4 mmol blood lactate concentration measured during an incremental cycling exercise test (with 5 minute steps)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  8. Fractional utilization of VO2max (incremental test)

    Fractional utilization of VO2max measured at 4 mmol blood lactate concentrations measured during an incremental cycling exercise test (with 5 minute steps)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  9. Fractional utilization of VO2max (5-min test)

    Fractional utilization of VO2max measured during the 5-min test

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  10. Protein abundance in skeletal muscle

    Protein abundances in m. vastus lateralis measured using western blotting

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  11. Haemoglobin mass (training camp)

    Hemoglobin mass measured using CO rebreathing (g)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  12. Haemoglobin mass (recovery/REC)

    Hemoglobin mass measured using CO rebreathing (g)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  13. Blood volume (training camp)

    Blood volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  14. Blood volume (recovery/REC)

    Blood volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  15. Plasma volume (training camp)

    Plasma volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  16. Plasma volume (recovery/REC)

    Plasma volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  17. Red blood cell volume (training camp)

    Red blood cell volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  18. Red blood cell volume (recovery/REC)

    Red blood cell volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  19. Mean corposcular volume (training camp)

    Mean corposcular volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  20. Mean corposcular volume (recovery/REC)

    Mean corposcular volume measured using CO rebreathing

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  21. Hematocrit (training camp)

    Hematocrit measured using centrifugation

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  22. Hematocrit (recovery/REC)

    Hematocrit measured using centrifugation

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  23. Body mass (training camp)

    Body mass (kg) measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  24. Body mass (recovery/REC)

    Body mass (kg) measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  25. Enzyme activity in skeletal muscle

    Enzyme activity in m. vastus lateralis measured using ELISA kits (I.e., CS and PFK)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  26. Lean body mass (training camp)

    Lean body mass (kg) measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  27. Lean body mass (recovery/REC)

    Lean body mass (kg) measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  28. Fat mass (training camp)

    Fat mass (kg) measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  29. Fat mass (recovery/REC)

    Fat mass (kg) measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  30. Session rate of percieved exertion

    Session rate of percieved exertion (sRPE) measured after each exercise involving sprints/control exercise using a 9-point scale ranging from "very, very demotivated" to "very, very motivated" (1 to 9)

    Measured: Throughout the training camp (14 days)

  31. Stress-recovery state (training camp)

    Recovery state of participants measured using Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-36-R-Sport, 36 questions, 7-point scale ranging from 0/never to 6/always)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  32. Stress-recovery state (recovery/REC)

    Recovery state of participants measured using Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-36-R-Sport, 36 questions, 7-point scale ranging from 0/never to 6/always)

    Measured: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted23 Nov 2020
  2. Study start23 Oct 2017
  3. Primary completion23 Dec 2017
  4. Study completion23 Dec 2017

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Investigating the effects of including sprints during low-intensity training sessions during a 14-d training camp with increased training load on performance and muscle/blood biology
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
18 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04640883
Sponsor's protocol ID
Trainome 2017#011
Status last verified
Nov 2020
First submitted
12 Nov 2020
Last updated
23 Nov 2020
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No

Publications

  • Almquist NW, Ellefsen S, Sandbakk O, Ronnestad BR. Effects of including sprints during prolonged cycling on hormonal and muscular responses and recovery in elite cyclists. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Mar;31(3):529-541. doi: 10.1111/sms.13865. Epub 2020 Nov 7.

    PubMed 33113253

  • De Pauw K, Roelands B, Cheung SS, de Geus B, Rietjens G, Meeusen R. Guidelines to classify subject groups in sport-science research. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013 Mar;8(2):111-22. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.2.111.

    PubMed 23428482

  • Sylta O, Tonnessen E, Seiler S. From heart-rate data to training quantification: a comparison of 3 methods of training-intensity analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jan;9(1):100-7. doi: 10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0298.

    PubMed 24408353

  • Manzi V, Iellamo F, Impellizzeri F, D'Ottavio S, Castagna C. Relation between individualized training impulses and performance in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Nov;41(11):2090-6. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a6a959.

    PubMed 19812506

  • Almquist NW, Ettema G, Hopker J, Sandbakk O, Ronnestad BR. The Effect of 30-Second Sprints During Prolonged Exercise on Gross Efficiency, Electromyography, and Pedaling Technique in Elite Cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Nov 5;15(4):562-570. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0367. Print 2020 Apr 1.

    PubMed 31693997

  • Siebenmann C, Robach P, Jacobs RA, Rasmussen P, Nordsborg N, Diaz V, Christ A, Olsen NV, Maggiorini M, Lundby C. "Live high-train low" using normobaric hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Jan;112(1):106-17. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00388.2011. Epub 2011 Oct 27.

    PubMed 22033534

  • Thomsen JK, Fogh-Andersen N, Bulow K, Devantier A. Blood and plasma volumes determined by carbon monoxide gas, 99mTc-labelled erythrocytes, 125I-albumin and the T 1824 technique. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1991 Apr;51(2):185-90. doi: 10.1080/00365519109091106.

    PubMed 2042022

  • Almquist NW, Lovlien I, Byrkjedal PT, Spencer M, Kristoffersen M, Skovereng K, Sandbakk O, Ronnestad BR. Effects of Including Sprints in One Weekly Low-Intensity Training Session During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists. Front Physiol. 2020 Sep 11;11:1000. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01000. eCollection 2020.

    PubMed 33041839

  • Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jul;30(7):1164-8. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023.

    PubMed 9662690

  • Borg G, Hassmen P, Lagerstrom M. Perceived exertion related to heart rate and blood lactate during arm and leg exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1987;56(6):679-85. doi: 10.1007/BF00424810.

    PubMed 3678222

  • Meinild Lundby AK, Jacobs RA, Gehrig S, de Leur J, Hauser M, Bonne TC, Fluck D, Dandanell S, Kirk N, Kaech A, Ziegler U, Larsen S, Lundby C. Exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density by enlargement of existing mitochondria and not de novo biogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2018 Jan;222(1). doi: 10.1111/apha.12905. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

    PubMed 28580772

  • Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):3-13. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278.

    PubMed 19092709

  • Fernandez-Garcia B, Perez-Landaluce J, Rodriguez-Alonso M, Terrados N. Intensity of exercise during road race pro-cycling competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 May;32(5):1002-6. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200005000-00019.

    PubMed 10795793

  • Menaspa P, Quod M, Martin DT, Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR. Physical Demands of Sprinting in Professional Road Cycling. Int J Sports Med. 2015 Nov;36(13):1058-62. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1554697. Epub 2015 Aug 7.

    PubMed 26252551

  • Joyner MJ, Coyle EF. Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. J Physiol. 2008 Jan 1;586(1):35-44. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834. Epub 2007 Sep 27.

    PubMed 17901124

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load), Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load) and Recovery for 10 days (low training load) in people with Healthy and Cyclists, run by Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences at 1 site in Norway.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Nov 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Norway. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Performance during a 5-minute all-out cycling test (time frame: Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, after REC)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04640883, which also lists 40 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Nov 2020.

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