MastodyniaNCT04690218
Evaluation of Sleep Quality, Nutrition, Anxiety and Depression in Mastalgia
An observational study of Mastodynia, run by Nigde Omer Halisdemir University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the sleep quality, anxiety and depression levels in women with mastalgia using internationally validated scales. Additionally the investigators aim to question the amount and frequency of consumption of nutritional elements which are known to aggravate mastalgia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mastodynia
- What is being tested?
- Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Nutritional Status Questionnaire
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 217 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2021to 31 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This case-controlled study will consist of 2 groups; Mastalgia group (women with confirmed mastalgia) and controls (women without mastalgia).
Who may be able to join
- Having mastalgia as a presenting symptom (mastalgia group)
- Presence of mastalgia confirmed by a general surgeon (mastalgia group)
- Absence of mastalgia (control group)
Who cannot join
- Previously diagnosed breast carcinoma (both groups)
- Previously exposed to thoracic radiotherapy (both groups)
- Previous breast or thoracic surgery for any reason (both groups)
- Presence of Tietze syndrome (both groups)
- Use of nutritional supplements (both groups)
- Presence of any self-perceived pain (control group)
- Presence of psychogenic based conditions and psychosomatic illnesses (control group)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital
Niğde, 51100
About this study
The aim of this study is to investigate the sleep quality, anxiety and depression levels in women with mastalgia using internationally validated scales. Additionally the investigators aim to question the amount and frequency of consumption of nutritional elements which are known to aggravate mastalgia. Finally by combining and analyzing the information gathered, the investigators intend to set light to the etiopathologic and clinic aspects of mastalgia.
Read the detailed description
Mastalgia is encountered in 70% of premenopausal women and is one of the most frequent reasons for attending general surgery clinics. In most of the cases no physical cause is demonstrated and the etiopathogenesis is still not yet determined. In 1949 Patey, for the first time, proposed that mastalgia might be a psychologically based problem. In the following years, research was focused in this issue and some articles were published demonstrating the relationship of anxiety, depression and high stress levels with mastalgia. The efforts for finding out the etiopathologic mechanism and defining the risk factors revealed that smoking and consumption of tea, coffee and carbonated beverages in particular worsen mastalgia whereas essential fatty acids (especially gamma linoleic acid) provides a symptomatic relief. Additionally it is known that sleep irregularities cause serious deterioration in daily life quality as well as can exaggerate some medical, neurologic and/or psychiatric conditions. More than half of the population experience sleep irregularities from time to time and chronic sleep disturbances effect 20% of adult population in western countries. Therefore sleep irregularities might have contributing effects in the etiopathogenesis and/or symptomatology of therapy resistant conditions like mastalgia.
- Conditions
- Mastodynia
- Being tested
- Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Nutritional Status Questionnaire
- Keywords
- mastodynia, anxiety, depression, sleep quality
- Medical subject headings
- Mastodynia, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Hospital anxiety and depression scaleDiagnostic test
Self assessment scale suitable for hospital community as well as public community. Applying the scale does not require any psychopathologic training.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality IndexDiagnostic test
Self assessment scale for public community. Applying the scale does not require any specially trained personnel.
Nutritional Status QuestionnaireBehavioural
It consists of 26 items, questioning the frequency and amount of certain nutritional elements (ones known to worsen and benefit mastalgia) consumed by the individual.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mastalgia | "Mastalgia" group will consist of women with confirmed mastalgia. The patients will be asked to fulfill the forms of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additionally patients will be asked to inform the frequency and amount of consumption of certain nutritional elements by a questionnaire. Receives: Diagnostic Test: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; Diagnostic Test: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Behavioral: Nutritional Status Questionnaire | |
| Controls | "Controls" group will consist of women attending to general surgery clinic for reasons other than mastalgia. The patients will be asked to fulfill the forms of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additionally patients will be asked to inform the frequency and amount of consumption of certain nutritional elements by a questionnaire. Receives: Diagnostic Test: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; Diagnostic Test: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Behavioral: Nutritional Status Questionnaire |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score is four point likert type scale. It consists of 14 questions. Questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 address anxiety whereas questions 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 address depression. Achievable minimum score of the scale is 0 and the maximum score is 42. The cut-off score for depression is 7 and for anxiety is 10. Scores higher than 7 indicate high anxiety levels and scores higher than 10 indicate the presence of depression.
Measured: 9 months
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index consists of 7 component. The possible scoring range of the scale is 0-21. The high scores indicates bad sleep quality. The cutt-off value is 5.
Measured: 9 months
The amount of nutritional elements consumed which worsen mastalgia
Calculated as the number stated by the individual (times consumed per day/week/month)
Measured: 9 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
The amount of other nutritional elements consumed
Calculated as the number stated by the individual (times consumed per day/week/month)
Measured: 9 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Dec 2020
- Study start1 Jan 2021
- Primary completion31 Dec 2021
- Study completion31 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MastodyniaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 217 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alirıza Erdoğan, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04690218
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2020/86
- Status last verified
- Jan 2022
- First submitted
- 26 Dec 2020
- Last updated
- 4 Jan 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kanat BH, Atmaca M, Girgin M, Ilhan YS, Bozdag A, Ozkan Z, Yazar FM, Emir S. Effects of Mastalgia in Young Women on Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety Levels. Indian J Surg. 2016 Apr;78(2):96-9. doi: 10.1007/s12262-015-1325-5. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
PubMed 27303116PATEY DH. Two common non-malignant conditions of the breast; the clinical features of cystic disease and the pain syndrome. Br Med J. 1949 Jan 15;1(4593):96-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4593.96. No abstract available.
PubMed 18122751Preece PE, Mansel RE, Hughes LE. Mastalgia: psychoneurosis or organic disease? Br Med J. 1978 Jan 7;1(6104):29-30. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6104.29.
PubMed 620138Johnson KM, Bradley KA, Bush K, Gardella C, Dobie DJ, Laya MB. Frequency of mastalgia among women veterans. Association with psychiatric conditions and unexplained pain syndromes. J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Mar;21 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S70-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00378.x.
PubMed 16637950Colegrave S, Holcombe C, Salmon P. Psychological characteristics of women presenting with breast pain. J Psychosom Res. 2001 Jun;50(6):303-7. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00196-9.
PubMed 11438111Ader DN, South-Paul J, Adera T, Deuster PA. Cyclical mastalgia: prevalence and associated health and behavioral factors. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2001 Jun;22(2):71-6. doi: 10.3109/01674820109049956.
PubMed 11446156Idiz C, Cakir C, Ulusoy AI, Idiz UO. The Role of Nutrition in Women with Benign Cyclic Mastalgia: A Case-Control Study. Eur J Breast Health. 2018 Jul 1;14(3):156-159. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2018.3827. eCollection 2018 Jul.
PubMed 30123881Soldatos CR, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Sleep physiology and pathology: pertinence to psychiatry. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;17(4):213-28. doi: 10.1080/09540260500104565.
PubMed 16194793Barthlen GM, Stacy C. Dyssomnias, parasomnias, and sleep disorders associated with medical and psychiatric diseases. Mt Sinai J Med. 1994 Mar;61(2):139-59.
PubMed 8022426Mollayeva T, Thurairajah P, Burton K, Mollayeva S, Shapiro CM, Colantonio A. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Feb;25:52-73. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
PubMed 26163057Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
PubMed 6880820Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
PubMed 2748771
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Jan 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Sleep Quality, Nutrition, Anxiety and Depression in Mastalgia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04690218
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2020/86
- Conditions
- Mastodynia
- Keywords
- mastodynia, anxiety, depression, sleep quality
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 217 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to investigate the sleep quality, anxiety and depression levels in women with mastalgia using internationally validated scales. Additionally the investigators aim to question the amount and frequency of consumption of nutritional elements which are known to aggravate mastalgia. Finally by combining and analyzing the information gathered, the investigators intend to set light to the etiopathologic and clinic aspects of mastalgia.
Detailed description
Mastalgia is encountered in 70% of premenopausal women and is one of the most frequent reasons for attending general surgery clinics. In most of the cases no physical cause is demonstrated and the etiopathogenesis is still not yet determined. In 1949 Patey, for the first time, proposed that mastalgia might be a psychologically based problem. In the following years, research was focused in this issue and some articles were published demonstrating the relationship of anxiety, depression and high stress levels with mastalgia. The efforts for finding out the etiopathologic mechanism and defining the risk factors revealed that smoking and consumption of tea, coffee and carbonated beverages in particular worsen mastalgia whereas essential fatty acids (especially gamma linoleic acid) provides a symptomatic relief. Additionally it is known that sleep irregularities cause serious deterioration in daily life quality as well as can exaggerate some medical, neurologic and/or psychiatric conditions. More than half of the population experience sleep irregularities from time to time and chronic sleep disturbances effect 20% of adult population in western countries. Therefore sleep irregularities might have contributing effects in the etiopathogenesis and/or symptomatology of therapy resistant conditions like mastalgia.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mastalgia | – | Diagnostic Test: Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Diagnostic Test: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Behavioral: Nutritional Status Questionnaire"Mastalgia" group will consist of women with confirmed mastalgia. The patients will be asked to fulfill the forms of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additionally patients will be asked to inform the frequency and amount of consumption of certain nutritional elements by a questionnaire. |
| Controls | – | Diagnostic Test: Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Diagnostic Test: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Behavioral: Nutritional Status Questionnaire"Controls" group will consist of women attending to general surgery clinic for reasons other than mastalgia. The patients will be asked to fulfill the forms of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additionally patients will be asked to inform the frequency and amount of consumption of certain nutritional elements by a questionnaire. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This case-controlled study will consist of 2 groups; Mastalgia group (women with confirmed mastalgia) and controls (women without mastalgia).
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having mastalgia as a presenting symptom (mastalgia group)
- Presence of mastalgia confirmed by a general surgeon (mastalgia group)
- Absence of mastalgia (control group)
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Previously diagnosed breast carcinoma (both groups)
- Previously exposed to thoracic radiotherapy (both groups)
- Previous breast or thoracic surgery for any reason (both groups)
- Presence of Tietze syndrome (both groups)
- Use of nutritional supplements (both groups)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital anxiety and depression scaleSelf assessment scale suitable for hospital community as well as public community. Applying the scale does not require any psychopathologic training. | Diagnostic test | Controls, Mastalgia |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality IndexSelf assessment scale for public community. Applying the scale does not require any specially trained personnel. | Diagnostic test | Controls, Mastalgia |
| Nutritional Status QuestionnaireIt consists of 26 items, questioning the frequency and amount of certain nutritional elements (ones known to worsen and benefit mastalgia) consumed by the individual. | Behavioural | Controls, Mastalgia |
Primary outcome
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score
Time frame: 9 months
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score is four point likert type scale. It consists of 14 questions. Questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 address anxiety whereas questions 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 address depression. Achievable minimum score of the scale is 0 and the maximum score is 42. The cut-off score for depression is 7 and for anxiety is 10. Scores higher than 7 indicate high anxiety levels and scores higher than 10 indicate the presence of depression.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Time frame: 9 months
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index consists of 7 component. The possible scoring range of the scale is 0-21. The high scores indicates bad sleep quality. The cutt-off value is 5.
The amount of nutritional elements consumed which worsen mastalgia
Time frame: 9 months
Calculated as the number stated by the individual (times consumed per day/week/month)
1 secondary outcome
The amount of other nutritional elements consumed
Time frame: 9 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Jan 2022.
- Background: PubMed 27303116Kanat BH, Atmaca M, Girgin M, Ilhan YS, Bozdag A, Ozkan Z, Yazar FM, Emir S. Effects of Mastalgia in Young Women on Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety Levels. Indian J Surg. 2016 Apr;78(2):96-9. doi: 10.1007/s12262-015-1325-5. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
- Background: PubMed 18122751PATEY DH. Two common non-malignant conditions of the breast; the clinical features of cystic disease and the pain syndrome. Br Med J. 1949 Jan 15;1(4593):96-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4593.96. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 620138Preece PE, Mansel RE, Hughes LE. Mastalgia: psychoneurosis or organic disease? Br Med J. 1978 Jan 7;1(6104):29-30. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6104.29.
- Background: PubMed 16637950Johnson KM, Bradley KA, Bush K, Gardella C, Dobie DJ, Laya MB. Frequency of mastalgia among women veterans. Association with psychiatric conditions and unexplained pain syndromes. J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Mar;21 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S70-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00378.x.
- Background: PubMed 11438111Colegrave S, Holcombe C, Salmon P. Psychological characteristics of women presenting with breast pain. J Psychosom Res. 2001 Jun;50(6):303-7. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00196-9.
- Background: PubMed 11446156Ader DN, South-Paul J, Adera T, Deuster PA. Cyclical mastalgia: prevalence and associated health and behavioral factors. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2001 Jun;22(2):71-6. doi: 10.3109/01674820109049956.
- Background: PubMed 30123881Idiz C, Cakir C, Ulusoy AI, Idiz UO. The Role of Nutrition in Women with Benign Cyclic Mastalgia: A Case-Control Study. Eur J Breast Health. 2018 Jul 1;14(3):156-159. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2018.3827. eCollection 2018 Jul.
- Background: PubMed 16194793Soldatos CR, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Sleep physiology and pathology: pertinence to psychiatry. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;17(4):213-28. doi: 10.1080/09540260500104565.
- Background: PubMed 8022426Barthlen GM, Stacy C. Dyssomnias, parasomnias, and sleep disorders associated with medical and psychiatric diseases. Mt Sinai J Med. 1994 Mar;61(2):139-59.
- Background: PubMed 26163057Mollayeva T, Thurairajah P, Burton K, Mollayeva S, Shapiro CM, Colantonio A. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Feb;25:52-73. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
- Background: PubMed 6880820Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
- Background: PubMed 2748771Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Mastodynia, run by Nigde Omer Halisdemir University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jan 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (time frame: 9 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04690218, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jan 2022.