Physical and Mental Characteristics in Active Elderly People

Visual Analog Scale. It is a commonly used and validated instrument in the interpretation of pain intensity. In a line of 10 cm, divided by numbers from 0 to 10, the patient marks the intensity of the pain, being 0 "absence of pain" and 10 "worst pain imaginable".

By Minimental State Examination. It is made up of a set of items that are grouped into 5 groups or cognitive areas: orientation in space and time (2 items), fixation (1 item), concentration and calculation (2 items), memory (1 item), and language and construction (7 items). Throughout its completion it is important to speak clearly to the participants and in the event of a mistake not to correct them and to continue with the questionnaire. Each item is evaluated from 0 to 5, with 5 being the maximum score that can be achieved when the question is answered correctly. The maximum score of the exam is 35 points, being normal values: between 30 and 35 and indicating cognitive impairment scores below 24 (in people over 65) and below 28 (in people 65 years or less)

Physical activity was measured by the Short Form-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (s-IPAQ). The s-IPAQ contains seven items for identifying the frequency and duration of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity as well as inactivity during the past week. The questions focus on four activity types: "vigorous activity" periods of at least 10 minutes, "moderate activity" periods of at least 10 minutes, "walking" periods of at least 10 minutes, and times spent "sitting" on weekdays. Frequency of activity is measured in days, and duration in hours and minutes. The patients were classified into three physical activity categories: low, moderate, and high. Typical s-IPAQ correlations with an accelerometer were 0.80 for reliability.

Using the Pittsburg questionnaire (ICSP). It consists of 19 items or questions from which an overall score is obtained and which in turn are grouped into 7 different components (subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of medication and daytime dysfunction) . The total score will range from 0 to 21, with a higher score signifying a serious sleep problem. Values less than 5 indicate normality, values between 5 and 7 suggest medical attention, between 8 and 14 would be adequate medical attention and treatment, and a score greater than 15 is significant for a serious sleep problem.

Goldberg depression and anxiety. It is a questionnaire that presents two scales, one for depression and the other for anxiety. Each one of these is made up of 4 initial items or questions to test and determine if there is a probability of the presence of one of these disorders, and another 5 items that are only formulated if the patient has answered affirmatively in the first 4. On the one hand, in the anxiety scale, the question is continued in the case of 2 or more affirmative answers in the first 4 questions, and in the depression scale, the questions are continued if there is any affirmative answer in the first 4 items. Regarding the final score, on the anxiety scale, 4 or more affirmative answers probably indicate an anxiety disorder, and on the depression scale 2 or more positive answers indicate a possible depressive disorder.

6 Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). The object of this test is to walk as far as possible for 6 minutes. The patient will walk back and forth around the cones in a hallway and is permitted to slow down, to stop, and to rest as necessary (but resume walking as soon as able)

Assessed using a COSMED PONY FX spirometer with mouthpiece and filters (1 cardboard mouthpiece and a bacteriological filter per patient). The test was performed with the person sitting, without crossing the legs and shoulders relaxed. Anthropometric data were entered into the equipment, nose was covered with a nose clio and the patient was then asked to perform three forced inhalations and exhalations.