DiabetesNCT04745702
Food Based Intervention Rich in Plant Components to Improve Metabolic Health in Prediabetics (FBIP) Study
A study testing Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant Components and Low Calorie Balanced Meals in people with Diabetes, run by Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation at 1 site in Singapore.
Trial summary
The estimated prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in Singapore will be approximately 20% and 25% respectively by the year 2035. Therefore, effective population based interventions are urgently warranted to halt this burden. Lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention and even remission. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 45 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant Components and Low Calorie Balanced Meals
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 125 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSingapore
- Study dates
- 2 Nov 2020to 9 Aug 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 45 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Chinese Male or Female• Age between 45-75 years
- Body mass index 19.5-32.0 kg/m2
- Deemed to be prediabetic based on meeting any 1 of 3 following criteria:1. Fasting blood glucose >5.5 mmol/l and <7.0 mmol/l2. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) level >/=7.8 mmol/l and </=11.0 mmol/l3. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level >/=5.7 and </=6.4%.
Who cannot join
- Smoking
- Having allergies or intolerances to any common food ingredients including eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, and tree nuts, shellfish, soya, wheat, gluten, cereal, fruits, dairy products, meat, vegetable, sugar and sweetener, natural food colourings or flavourings, etc.
- Following special diets or having intentional dietary restrictions (e.g, vegetarians/vegans)
- Not willing to adhere to diet modification as in the study protocol
- Not willing to stop any strenuous activity during or within 24 hours of test days (for those actively participating in sports at the competitive and/or endurance levels)
- Having glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency)
Show all 18Show fewer
- Having alcohol consumption on > 4 days per week with ≥ 6 alcoholic drinks per week
- Having sustained elevation of blood pressure (>160/95 mm Hg)
- Having previously undergone any gastrointestinal surgery or having history of gastrointestinal disorders
- Having a history of heart, liver, kidney, blood disorders (e.g., thalassemia) or thyroid dysfunctions
- Diabetic
- Having history of tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C infections
- Having any prescription medication or any other alternative medicines or supplements which may interfere with study measurements in the in the opinion of the study investigators
- Having antibiotics or suffering from diarrhea within the last 3 months
- Having donated blood within 4 weeks of study participation
- Having poor veins or having history of severe vasovagal syncope (blackouts or fainting) from blood draws
- Having more than 5% weight loss or gain over the past 3 months
- For female volunteers: menstruation within past 12 months or being on hormone replacement therapy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The estimated prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in Singapore will be approximately 20% and 25% respectively by the year 2035. Therefore, effective population based interventions are urgently warranted to halt this burden. Lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention and even remission. For example, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet etc. have all been shown to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes incidence. Therefore, given the successful utility of various dietary patterns, this randomized controlled trial will investigate the effectiveness of a food based dietary intervention, within an Asian dietary context, using legumes, low glycemic index (GI) starches (i.e., rice, noodles etc.), healthier vegetable oil blend as well as herbs and spices to improve various markers metabolic health, including glucose homeostasis in individuals with prediabetes.
Read the detailed description
The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased by more than two-fold over the past three decades, with ~60% of diabetics in the world currently living in Asian countries. Type 2 diabetes occurs at a younger age and at lower body mass index (BMI < 22 kg/m2) in Asians as compared other ethnic groups. Among the various evidence based approaches to diabetes prevention, diet plays one of the most important roles. In particular, food based interventions are beginning to emerge as superior strategies in the prevention of type 2 diabetes compared to nutrient based approaches. It is important of course to align food based interventions to the cultural and region specific aspects of food choice and eating behavior if such lifestyle pattern is to be implemented in a given population. To this effect, the investigators will investigate the effects of a multiple food components in combination on metabolic health outcomes, within an Asian dietary context. This proposed study will be undertaken in prediabetics who are at greater life-time risk of developing type 2 diabetes than their normoglycemic counterparts.
Based on the current evidence, the investigators will design a food based intervention consisting of a diet rich in legumes, low GI starches (such as rice, noodles),healthier vegetable oil blends (such as rice bran, peanut, sesame seed and sunflower oils) as well as certain herbs and spices. As part of this study, each volunteer will be provided with 2 of their 3 meals per day, consisting of the above mentioned foods, for a period of 16 weeks. The control group will also be provided 2 meals per day, matched for the total calorie contents. The total calorie content of each provided meal will be approximately 500 kcal for males and 400 kcal for females. The difference in the calorie contents between the genders will be made up by using prepacked snacks. There will also be further differences in the snack types between the two intervention (treatment vs control) groups. While the treatment group will consist of healthier snacks such as seeds and wholemeal crackers, the control group snack ingredients will be made from refined flour biscuits etc. The remaining foods (free choice) during the day will be monitored regularly by the study dietitian to ensure a small calorie deficit that should lead to an approximately 5% weight loss in both intervention and control groups. Therefore, while it is expected that even the control group will achieve some metabolic health benefits during this 16 week dietary intervention (indirectly due to weight loss), the investigators anticipate that the treatment group will attain greater benefits as compared to the control group, due to the differences in their food constituents. The effects of dietary interventions on metabolic health will be assessed at every 4-8 week intervals. The primary outcome measures will include several markers of glucose homeostasis (including HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and a 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). The secondary outcomes will include blood lipid profile, fructosamine, adiponectin, markers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
- Conditions
- Diabetes
- Being tested
- Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant Components, Low Calorie Balanced Meals
- Keywords
- Pre-diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Intolerance, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant ComponentsCombination product
Twice a day reduced calorie frozen ready meals (rich in plant components) to substitute participants' two main meals/day consecutively for a period of 16 weeks.
Low Calorie Balanced MealsCombination product
Twice a day reduced calorie frozen ready meals (balanced composition) to substitute participants' two main meals/day consecutively for a period of 16 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Low-Calorie Control Group | Other | The control group will receive for 2 calorie-restricted balanced meals per day, consisting of a portion of meat, a portion of vegetables, a portion of medium to high GI carbohydrates and prepared with refined corn oil. The control meals will be devoid of any whole legumes and will contain minimal amounts of spices. The third meal of the day and any additional snacks will be left to the free choice of the participants with calorie advice provided by study dietitian. Calorie restriction aims to reduce weight of participants by ~5%. Receives: Combination Product: Low Calorie Balanced Meals |
| Low-Calorie Treatment Group | Active comparator | The treatment group will receive for 2 calorie-restricted (isocaloric with control group) meals per day containing 100 g cooked whole legumes (amounting to a total of 200 g cooked legumes, approximately 1 cup of cooked legumes)and/or certain meat analogues (textured vegetable [soy] proteins), and/or a portion of vegetables, low GI, wholegrain carbohydrates for their starch sources (rice/noodles/pasta), added spices (dried spice powder) at dietary and culinary acceptable doses and blended vegetable oil. The third meal of the day and any additional snacks will be left to the free choice of the participants with calorie advice provided by study dietitian. Calorie restriction aims to reduce weight of participants by ~5%. Receives: Combination Product: Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant Components |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HbA1c
mmol/mol (%)
Measured: 16 weeks
Fasting glucose
mmol/L
Measured: 16 weeks
Fasting insulin
pmol/L
Measured: 16 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
mmol/L
Measured: 16 weeks
Secondary outcomes (7)
Blood Lipid Profile (HDL, LDL, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride)
mmol/L
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
Fructosamine
µmol/L
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
Plasma Adiponectin
μg/mL
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
Oxidised LDL
ng/mL
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
C-Reactive Protein
mg/L
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 8 weeks
IL-6 (interleukin 6)
pg/mL
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 8 weeks
TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor - alpha)
pg/mL
Measured: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Feb 2021
- Study start2 Nov 2020
- Primary completion9 Aug 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion9 Aug 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 125 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, JeyaKumar Henry, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04745702
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019/00997
- Other IDs
- 2019
- Status last verified
- Mar 2022
- First submitted
- 1 Feb 2021
- Last updated
- 11 Mar 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Wu X, Tjahyo AS, Volchanskaya VSB, Wong LH, Lai X, Yong YN, Osman F, Tay SL, Govindharajulu P, Ponnalagu S, Tso R, Teo HS, Khoo K, Fan H, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Leow MK, Henry CJ, Haldar S, Lim KJ. A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 22;16(1):942. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56084-6.
PubMed 39843443
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Mar 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Food Based Intervention Rich in Plant Components to Improve Metabolic Health in Prediabetics (FBIP) Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04745702
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2019/00997
- Conditions
- Diabetes
- Keywords
- Pre-diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 125 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology InnovationOther government
- Study start
- 2 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 9 Aug 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 9 Aug 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The estimated prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in Singapore will be approximately 20% and 25% respectively by the year 2035. Therefore, effective population based interventions are urgently warranted to halt this burden. Lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention and even remission. For example, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet etc. have all been shown to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes incidence. Therefore, given the successful utility of various dietary patterns, this randomized controlled trial will investigate the effectiveness of a food based dietary intervention, within an Asian dietary context, using legumes, low glycemic index (GI) starches (i.e., rice, noodles etc.), healthier vegetable oil blend as well as herbs and spices to improve various markers metabolic health, including glucose homeostasis in individuals with prediabetes.
Detailed description
The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased by more than two-fold over the past three decades, with ~60% of diabetics in the world currently living in Asian countries. Type 2 diabetes occurs at a younger age and at lower body mass index (BMI < 22 kg/m2) in Asians as compared other ethnic groups. Among the various evidence based approaches to diabetes prevention, diet plays one of the most important roles. In particular, food based interventions are beginning to emerge as superior strategies in the prevention of type 2 diabetes compared to nutrient based approaches. It is important of course to align food based interventions to the cultural and region specific aspects of food choice and eating behavior if such lifestyle pattern is to be implemented in a given population. To this effect, the investigators will investigate the effects of a multiple food components in combination on metabolic health outcomes, within an Asian dietary context. This proposed study will be undertaken in prediabetics who are at greater life-time risk of developing type 2 diabetes than their normoglycemic counterparts.
Based on the current evidence, the investigators will design a food based intervention consisting of a diet rich in legumes, low GI starches (such as rice, noodles),healthier vegetable oil blends (such as rice bran, peanut, sesame seed and sunflower oils) as well as certain herbs and spices. As part of this study, each volunteer will be provided with 2 of their 3 meals per day, consisting of the above mentioned foods, for a period of 16 weeks. The control group will also be provided 2 meals per day, matched for the total calorie contents. The total calorie content of each provided meal will be approximately 500 kcal for males and 400 kcal for females. The difference in the calorie contents between the genders will be made up by using prepacked snacks. There will also be further differences in the snack types between the two intervention (treatment vs control) groups. While the treatment group will consist of healthier snacks such as seeds and wholemeal crackers, the control group snack ingredients will be made from refined flour biscuits etc. The remaining foods (free choice) during the day will be monitored regularly by the study dietitian to ensure a small calorie deficit that should lead to an approximately 5% weight loss in both intervention and control groups. Therefore, while it is expected that even the control group will achieve some metabolic health benefits during this 16 week dietary intervention (indirectly due to weight loss), the investigators anticipate that the treatment group will attain greater benefits as compared to the control group, due to the differences in their food constituents. The effects of dietary interventions on metabolic health will be assessed at every 4-8 week intervals. The primary outcome measures will include several markers of glucose homeostasis (including HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and a 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). The secondary outcomes will include blood lipid profile, fructosamine, adiponectin, markers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Low-Calorie Control Group | Other | Combination Product: Low Calorie Balanced MealsThe control group will receive for 2 calorie-restricted balanced meals per day, consisting of a portion of meat, a portion of vegetables, a portion of medium to high GI carbohydrates and prepared with refined corn oil. The control meals will be devoid of any whole legumes and will contain minimal amounts of spices. The third meal of the day and any additional snacks will be left to the free choice of the participants with calorie advice provided by study dietitian. Calorie restriction aims to reduce weight of participants by ~5%. |
| Low-Calorie Treatment Group | Active comparator | Combination Product: Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant ComponentsThe treatment group will receive for 2 calorie-restricted (isocaloric with control group) meals per day containing 100 g cooked whole legumes (amounting to a total of 200 g cooked legumes, approximately 1 cup of cooked legumes)and/or certain meat analogues (textured vegetable [soy] proteins), and/or a portion of vegetables, low GI, wholegrain carbohydrates for their starch sources (rice/noodles/pasta), added spices (dried spice powder) at dietary and culinary acceptable doses and blended vegetable oil. The third meal of the day and any additional snacks will be left to the free choice of the participants with calorie advice provided by study dietitian. Calorie restriction aims to reduce weight of participants by ~5%. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 45 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Chinese Male or Female• Age between 45-75 years
- Body mass index 19.5-32.0 kg/m2
- Deemed to be prediabetic based on meeting any 1 of 3 following criteria:1. Fasting blood glucose >5.5 mmol/l and <7.0 mmol/l2. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) level >/=7.8 mmol/l and </=11.0 mmol/l3. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level >/=5.7 and </=6.4%.
Key exclusion criteria (18 listed)
- Smoking
- Having allergies or intolerances to any common food ingredients including eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, and tree nuts, shellfish, soya, wheat, gluten, cereal, fruits, dairy products, meat, vegetable, sugar and sweetener, natural food colourings or flavourings, etc.
- Following special diets or having intentional dietary restrictions (e.g, vegetarians/vegans)
- Not willing to adhere to diet modification as in the study protocol
- Not willing to stop any strenuous activity during or within 24 hours of test days (for those actively participating in sports at the competitive and/or endurance levels)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant ComponentsTwice a day reduced calorie frozen ready meals (rich in plant components) to substitute participants' two main meals/day consecutively for a period of 16 weeks. | Combination product | Low-Calorie Treatment Group |
| Low Calorie Balanced MealsTwice a day reduced calorie frozen ready meals (balanced composition) to substitute participants' two main meals/day consecutively for a period of 16 weeks. | Combination product | Low-Calorie Control Group |
Primary outcome
HbA1c
Time frame: 16 weeks
mmol/mol (%)
Fasting glucose
Time frame: 16 weeks
mmol/L
Fasting insulin
Time frame: 16 weeks
pmol/L
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Time frame: 16 weeks
mmol/L
7 secondary outcomes
Blood Lipid Profile (HDL, LDL, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride)
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
Fructosamine
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
Plasma Adiponectin
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
Oxidised LDL
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 4 weeks
C-Reactive Protein
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 8 weeks
IL-6 (interleukin 6)
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 8 weeks
TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor - alpha)
Time frame: 16 weeks (from first to final measurement visits), measured every 8 weeks
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Mar 2022.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39843443Wu X, Tjahyo AS, Volchanskaya VSB, Wong LH, Lai X, Yong YN, Osman F, Tay SL, Govindharajulu P, Ponnalagu S, Tso R, Teo HS, Khoo K, Fan H, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Leow MK, Henry CJ, Haldar S, Lim KJ. A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 22;16(1):942. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56084-6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Low Calorie Meals Rich in Plant Components and Low Calorie Balanced Meals in people with Diabetes, run by Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation at 1 site in Singapore.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 18 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Mar 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Singapore. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HbA1c (time frame: 16 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04745702, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Mar 2022.