Sprint TrainingSTRecoveryNCT04766411
Recovery Kinetics After Different Sprint Training Protocols (STRecovery)
A study testing Unresisted sprint training, Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight and Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight in people with Sprint Training, run by University of Thessaly at 1 site in Greece.
Trial summary
Speed is one of the most important physical capacities for many sports, especially those that include speed and power as a major element, and plays a major role on performance. Running speed improvement is one of the most basic components of a sprint and power athlete's training program. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sprint Training
- What is being tested?
- Unresisted sprint training, Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight and Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 10 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGreece
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2021to 30 Nov 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Srinters or athletes that comprise sprint training in their training programs
- Absense of musculoskeletal injuries (≥ 6 months)
- Abstence from use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≥ 1 month)
- Abstence from participation at exercise with eccentric component (≥ 3 days)
- Abstence from alcohol and energy drings consumption before each experimental trial
Who cannot join
- Musculoskeletal injuries (≤ 6 months)
- Use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≤ 1 month)
- Participation at exercise with eccentric component (≤ 3 days)
- Alcohol and energy drings consumption before the experimental trials
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Greece1 site
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
Trikala, Thessaly, 42100
About this study
Official title: Recovery Kinetics After Different Sprint Training Protocols
Speed is one of the most important physical capacities for many sports, especially those that include speed and power as a major element, and plays a major role on performance. Running speed improvement is one of the most basic components of a sprint and power athlete's training program. One of the most commonly used strategies to improve the initial acceleration phase, is resisted sprint training. Sprinting is performed through the stretch-shortening cycle and highly includes the component of eccentric muscle contraction, which can lead to exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). This phenomenon includes symptoms such as plasma CK elevation, delayed onset of muscle soreness, reduction in force production and a reduction in agility and speed. However, despite the fact that sprint training can cause EIMD symptoms and a performance reduction the following days, research evidence on the recovery kinetics after sprint training are scarce. However, such information is critical for coaches and athletes, in order to effectively design a training program and incorporate the training components in the training microcycle, to avoid injuries and maximize performance. The aim of the present study is to examine the recovery kinetics of EIMD indices, muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue, after different sprint training protocols.
Read the detailed description
Speed is one of the most important physical capacities for many sports, especially those that include speed and power as a major element, and plays a major role on performance. Thus, running speed improvement consists one of the most basic aims of a sprinter's and a power athlete's training program. One of the most commonly used strategies to improve the initial acceleration phase, is resisted sprint training. Evidence suggests that resisted sprint training is more effective in improving acceleration compared to sprint training without additional load. Sprinting is performed through the stretch-shortening cycle, where the pre-activated muscle is first stretched (eccentric action) and then followed by the shortening (concentric) action. Thus, sprint training highly includes the component of eccentric contraction. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of agility and speed. Nevertheless, despite the fact that sprint training comprises eccentric muscle actions and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute sprint training have not been adequately studied. However, such information is critical for both coaches and athletes to effectively design the training microcycles and incorporate the training components, as well as to reduce injury risk.
The aim of the present study is to examine the recovery kinetics of EIMD indices, muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue, after different sprint training protocols.
According to a preliminary power analysis (a probability error of 0.05, and a statistical power of 80%), a sample size of 8 - 10 subjects per group was considered appropriate in order to detect statistically meaningful changes between groups.
The study will be performed in a randomized, cross over, repeated measures design. During the first 1st and 2nd visit, all participants will sign an informed consent form after they will be informed about all the benefits and risks of the study and they will fill in and sign a medical history questionnaire. Fasting blood samples will be collected in order to estimate muscle damage concentration markers. Participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 7-days diet recalls to ensure that they do not consume to greater extent nutrients that may affect EIMD and fatigue (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, etc.) and to ensure that the energy intake during the trials will be the same. Assessment of body mass and body height, body composition, and aerobic capacity (VO2max), will be performed. Running speed of 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint will be measured on a track and field stadium. Squat jump and countermovement jump will be performed on a force platform to assess jump height, ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development; at the same time, peak and mean normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles will be assessed. The peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors at 65o in both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-sec MVIC.
During the 3rd visit, participants will be randomly assigned into, and perform one of the four different conditions of the study design: a) unresisted sprint training, b) resisted sprint training with a load of 10% of body weight (BW), c) resisted sprint training with a load of 20% of BW d) control condition. Prior to each experimental protocol, assessment of DOMS in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs, as well as blood lactate assessment will be performed. Additionally, DOMS of KF and KE, running speed at 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint, peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque, squat and countermovement jump height, as well as ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development during squat and countermovement jump, alongside with peak and mean normalized electromyography (EMG) during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles will be assessed immediately after, 24h, 48h and 72h after the end of the trial. MVIC of the knee extensors of both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC will also be assessed at 1h, 2h and 3h, as well as 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. Blood lactate will also be assessed at 4 min, while creatine kinase at 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. The exact above procedures will be repeated by the participants during the remaining three experimental trials (7th - 10th, 11th - 13th, and 14th - 16th visits).
- Conditions
- Sprint Training
- Being tested
- Unresisted sprint training, Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight, Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight, Control trial
- Keywords
- sprint training, muscle damage, muscle performance, neuromuscular fatigue, recovery
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Unresisted sprint trainingOther
Particiapants will perform:
2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint
1 set of 3 x 30m sprint
Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weightOther
Particiapants will perform:
2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint
1 set of 3 x 30m sprint
Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weightOther
Particiapants will perform:
2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint
1 set of 3 x 30m sprint
Control trialOther
Participants will not perform any sprint training protocol
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Unresisted sprint training | Experimental | Participants will perform an acute training bout of unresisted sprints. Receives: Other: Unresisted sprint training |
| Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight | Experimental | Participants will perform an acute training bout of resisted sprints with load equal to 10% of body weight. Receives: Other: Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight |
| Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight | Experimental | Participants will perform an acute training bout of resisted sprints with load equal to 20% of body weight. Receives: Other: Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight |
| Control trial | Experimental | Participants will perform no training protocol. They will only perform all the measurements. Receives: Other: Control trial |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in Creatine kinase
CK will be measured in plasma using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer with commercially available kits.
Measured: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in DOMS
DOMS of knee extensors and knee flexors of both lower extremities will be measured during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal regionafter performing three repetitions of a full squat.
Measured: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in blood lactate
Lactate will be measured in capillary blood with a hand-portable analyzer.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-trial
Changes in 10m sprint time
20m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in 20m sprint time
20m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in 30m sprint time
30m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in squat jump height
Squat jump height will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in ground reaction force (GRF) during squat jump
GRF during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak power during squat jump
Peak power during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in mean power during squat jump
Mean power during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in vertical stiffness during squat jump
Vertical stiffness during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak rate of force development (RFD) during squat jump
RFD during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak normalized EMG during squat jump test
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during the concentric phase of the squat jump.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in mean normalized EMG during squat jump test.
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during the concentric phase of the squat jump.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in countermovement jump height
Countermovement jump height will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump
GRF will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak power during countermovement jump
Peak power will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in mean power during countermovement jump
Mean power will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in vertical stiffness during countermovement jump
Vertical stiffnesswill be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak rate of force development (RFD) during countermovement jump
RFD will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak normalized EMG during countermovement jump test
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximum muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in mean normalized EMG during countermovement jump test
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximum muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test.
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak concentric torque
Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak eccentric torque
Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in peak isometric torque
Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
MVIC of knee extensors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Measured: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Changes in fatigue rate of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Fatigue rate during MVIC will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-second maximal isometric contaction
Measured: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Change in field activity during the sprint training protocols
Field activity will be continuously recorded during the sprint training protocols using global positioning system (GPS) technology
Measured: Throughout the sprint training protocols
Change in heart rate during the sprint training protocols
Heart rate will be continuously recorded during during the sprint training protocols using heart rate monitors
Measured: Throughout the sprint training protocols
Secondary outcomes (7)
Body weight
Body weight will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
Measured: Baseline
Body height
Body height will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
Measured: Baseline
Body mass index (BMI)
BMI will be calculated from the ratio of body mass/ body height squared
Measured: Baseline
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
Maximal oxygen consumption will be measured by open circuit spirometry via breath by breath method
Measured: Baseline
Body fat
Body fat will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
Measured: Baseline
Lean body mass
Lean body mass will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
Measured: Baseline
Dietary intake
Dietary intake will be assessed using 7-day diet recalls
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Feb 2021
- Study start1 Mar 2021
- Primary completion30 Nov 2021
- Study completion30 Nov 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sprint TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Thessaly
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Chariklia K. Deli, University of Thessaly
- Investigators
- Chariklia K Deli, PhD, Principal investigator, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04766411
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Sprint training-Recovery Study
- Acronym
- STRecovery
- Status last verified
- Feb 2022
- First submitted
- 11 Feb 2021
- Last updated
- 18 Feb 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Zafeiridis A, Saraslanidis P, Manou V, Ioakimidis P, Dipla K, Kellis S. The effects of resisted sled-pulling sprint training on acceleration and maximum speed performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005 Sep;45(3):284-90.
PubMed 16230978Bachero-Mena B, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration with three different loads accounting for 5, 12.5, and 20% of body mass. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2954-60. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000492.
PubMed 24736770Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:960363. doi: 10.1155/2012/960363. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
PubMed 22288008Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
PubMed 28165870Petrakos G, Morin JB, Egan B. Resisted Sled Sprint Training to Improve Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2016 Mar;46(3):381-400. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0422-8.
PubMed 26553497
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Feb 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Recovery Kinetics After Different Sprint Training Protocols
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04766411
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STRecovery / Sprint training-Recovery Study
- Conditions
- Sprint Training
- Keywords
- sprint training, muscle damage, muscle performance, neuromuscular fatigue, recovery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ThessalyUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Speed is one of the most important physical capacities for many sports, especially those that include speed and power as a major element, and plays a major role on performance. Running speed improvement is one of the most basic components of a sprint and power athlete's training program. One of the most commonly used strategies to improve the initial acceleration phase, is resisted sprint training. Sprinting is performed through the stretch-shortening cycle and highly includes the component of eccentric muscle contraction, which can lead to exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). This phenomenon includes symptoms such as plasma CK elevation, delayed onset of muscle soreness, reduction in force production and a reduction in agility and speed. However, despite the fact that sprint training can cause EIMD symptoms and a performance reduction the following days, research evidence on the recovery kinetics after sprint training are scarce. However, such information is critical for coaches and athletes, in order to effectively design a training program and incorporate the training components in the training microcycle, to avoid injuries and maximize performance. The aim of the present study is to examine the recovery kinetics of EIMD indices, muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue, after different sprint training protocols.
Detailed description
Speed is one of the most important physical capacities for many sports, especially those that include speed and power as a major element, and plays a major role on performance. Thus, running speed improvement consists one of the most basic aims of a sprinter's and a power athlete's training program. One of the most commonly used strategies to improve the initial acceleration phase, is resisted sprint training. Evidence suggests that resisted sprint training is more effective in improving acceleration compared to sprint training without additional load. Sprinting is performed through the stretch-shortening cycle, where the pre-activated muscle is first stretched (eccentric action) and then followed by the shortening (concentric) action. Thus, sprint training highly includes the component of eccentric contraction. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of agility and speed. Nevertheless, despite the fact that sprint training comprises eccentric muscle actions and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute sprint training have not been adequately studied. However, such information is critical for both coaches and athletes to effectively design the training microcycles and incorporate the training components, as well as to reduce injury risk.
The aim of the present study is to examine the recovery kinetics of EIMD indices, muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue, after different sprint training protocols.
According to a preliminary power analysis (a probability error of 0.05, and a statistical power of 80%), a sample size of 8 - 10 subjects per group was considered appropriate in order to detect statistically meaningful changes between groups.
The study will be performed in a randomized, cross over, repeated measures design. During the first 1st and 2nd visit, all participants will sign an informed consent form after they will be informed about all the benefits and risks of the study and they will fill in and sign a medical history questionnaire. Fasting blood samples will be collected in order to estimate muscle damage concentration markers. Participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 7-days diet recalls to ensure that they do not consume to greater extent nutrients that may affect EIMD and fatigue (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, etc.) and to ensure that the energy intake during the trials will be the same. Assessment of body mass and body height, body composition, and aerobic capacity (VO2max), will be performed. Running speed of 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint will be measured on a track and field stadium. Squat jump and countermovement jump will be performed on a force platform to assess jump height, ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development; at the same time, peak and mean normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles will be assessed. The peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors at 65o in both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-sec MVIC.
During the 3rd visit, participants will be randomly assigned into, and perform one of the four different conditions of the study design: a) unresisted sprint training, b) resisted sprint training with a load of 10% of body weight (BW), c) resisted sprint training with a load of 20% of BW d) control condition. Prior to each experimental protocol, assessment of DOMS in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs, as well as blood lactate assessment will be performed. Additionally, DOMS of KF and KE, running speed at 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint, peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque, squat and countermovement jump height, as well as ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development during squat and countermovement jump, alongside with peak and mean normalized electromyography (EMG) during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles will be assessed immediately after, 24h, 48h and 72h after the end of the trial. MVIC of the knee extensors of both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC will also be assessed at 1h, 2h and 3h, as well as 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. Blood lactate will also be assessed at 4 min, while creatine kinase at 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. The exact above procedures will be repeated by the participants during the remaining three experimental trials (7th - 10th, 11th - 13th, and 14th - 16th visits).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Unresisted sprint training | Experimental | Other: Unresisted sprint trainingParticipants will perform an acute training bout of unresisted sprints. |
| Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight | Experimental | Other: Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weightParticipants will perform an acute training bout of resisted sprints with load equal to 10% of body weight. |
| Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight | Experimental | Other: Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weightParticipants will perform an acute training bout of resisted sprints with load equal to 20% of body weight. |
| Control trial | Experimental | Other: Control trialParticipants will perform no training protocol. They will only perform all the measurements. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Srinters or athletes that comprise sprint training in their training programs
- Absense of musculoskeletal injuries (≥ 6 months)
- Abstence from use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≥ 1 month)
- Abstence from participation at exercise with eccentric component (≥ 3 days)
- Abstence from alcohol and energy drings consumption before each experimental trial
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Musculoskeletal injuries (≤ 6 months)
- Use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≤ 1 month)
- Participation at exercise with eccentric component (≤ 3 days)
- Alcohol and energy drings consumption before the experimental trials
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Unresisted sprint trainingParticiapants will perform: 2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint 1 set of 3 x 30m sprint | Other | Unresisted sprint training |
| Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weightParticiapants will perform: 2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint 1 set of 3 x 30m sprint | Other | Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight |
| Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weightParticiapants will perform: 2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint 1 set of 3 x 30m sprint | Other | Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight |
| Control trialParticipants will not perform any sprint training protocol | Other | Control trial |
Primary outcome
Changes in Creatine kinase
Time frame: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
CK will be measured in plasma using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer with commercially available kits.
Changes in DOMS
Time frame: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
DOMS of knee extensors and knee flexors of both lower extremities will be measured during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal regionafter performing three repetitions of a full squat.
Changes in blood lactate
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-trial
Lactate will be measured in capillary blood with a hand-portable analyzer.
Changes in 10m sprint time
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
20m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
Changes in 20m sprint time
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
20m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
Changes in 30m sprint time
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
30m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
Changes in squat jump height
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Squat jump height will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in ground reaction force (GRF) during squat jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
GRF during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in peak power during squat jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Peak power during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in mean power during squat jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Mean power during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in vertical stiffness during squat jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Vertical stiffness during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in peak rate of force development (RFD) during squat jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
RFD during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in peak normalized EMG during squat jump test
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during the concentric phase of the squat jump.
Changes in mean normalized EMG during squat jump test.
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during the concentric phase of the squat jump.
Changes in countermovement jump height
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Countermovement jump height will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
GRF will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in peak power during countermovement jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Peak power will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in mean power during countermovement jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Mean power will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in vertical stiffness during countermovement jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Vertical stiffnesswill be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in peak rate of force development (RFD) during countermovement jump
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
RFD will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
Changes in peak normalized EMG during countermovement jump test
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximum muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test.
Changes in mean normalized EMG during countermovement jump test
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximum muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test.
Changes in peak concentric torque
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Changes in peak eccentric torque
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Changes in peak isometric torque
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
MVIC of knee extensors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
Changes in fatigue rate of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Time frame: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
Fatigue rate during MVIC will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-second maximal isometric contaction
Change in field activity during the sprint training protocols
Time frame: Throughout the sprint training protocols
Field activity will be continuously recorded during the sprint training protocols using global positioning system (GPS) technology
Change in heart rate during the sprint training protocols
Time frame: Throughout the sprint training protocols
Heart rate will be continuously recorded during during the sprint training protocols using heart rate monitors
7 secondary outcomes
Body weight
Time frame: Baseline
Body height
Time frame: Baseline
Body mass index (BMI)
Time frame: Baseline
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
Time frame: Baseline
Body fat
Time frame: Baseline
Lean body mass
Time frame: Baseline
Dietary intake
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Feb 2022.
- Background: PubMed 16230978Zafeiridis A, Saraslanidis P, Manou V, Ioakimidis P, Dipla K, Kellis S. The effects of resisted sled-pulling sprint training on acceleration and maximum speed performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005 Sep;45(3):284-90.
- Background: PubMed 24736770Bachero-Mena B, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration with three different loads accounting for 5, 12.5, and 20% of body mass. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2954-60. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000492.
- Background: PubMed 22288008Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:960363. doi: 10.1155/2012/960363. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
- Background: PubMed 28165870Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
- Background: PubMed 26553497Petrakos G, Morin JB, Egan B. Resisted Sled Sprint Training to Improve Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2016 Mar;46(3):381-400. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0422-8.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chariklia K Deli, PhD principal investigator
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Unresisted sprint training, Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight and Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight in people with Sprint Training, run by University of Thessaly at 1 site in Greece.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Feb 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Greece. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in Creatine kinase (time frame: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial). The study lists 29 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04766411, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Feb 2022.