Patient LyingNCT04803448
Patient Doctor Lies
A study testing Benefit statement, Risk Statement and Privacy Statement in people with Patient Lying and Privacy Statements, run by University of Utah at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Accurate patient information disclosure is critical to provide optimal treatment. Methods that can detect and then increase the truthfulness of information are relatively unknown. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Patient Lying, Privacy Statements, Risk Statements
- What is being tested?
- Benefit statement, Risk Statement and Privacy Statement
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 619 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 12 Feb 2020to 19 Apr 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults
- Individuals 18-80 years
- English speaking
- Live in the United States
Who cannot join
- Participants that do not complete the survey
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Patient Doctor Lies: When is Privacy Assurance a Bad Thing? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Accurate patient information disclosure is critical to provide optimal treatment. Methods that can detect and then increase the truthfulness of information are relatively unknown.
To investigate the impact of communication about privacy, benefits, and risk on patient truthfulness, the investigators test two new methods to detect patient truthfulness and demonstrate the effects of privacy notices (e.g. HIPPA statements).
Read more
Participants include a national online sample randomly assigned to one of six treatment statements that might be typically given before health information was requested. The assigned treatments include one or mix of the following: privacy notice, statement of the benefits of accurate disclosure, and statement of the risks of inaccurate disclosure and control of no statement before being asked typical health questions.
The investigators propose that based on elaboration likelihood model, statements reminding participants of their privacy will increase lying.
The investigators hypothesis the use of a new biometric mouse movement lie detection method and answer adjustment can measure patient lies.
The investigators hypothesis that reminders of the risk of not telling the truth will reduce lying due to risk aversion.
Lastly the investigators hypothesis that statements of benefits of answering truthfully will increase truthfulness.
Read the detailed description
After agreeing to an IRB-approved modified consent form designed to hide the true purpose of the study to detect lying, all participants will complete the CESD-10 depression scale. This validated measure of depression was used in order to simulate the false pretense of the experiment.
This online survey randomly assigns participating adults to one of six intervention statements after which they are asked eight typical questions about their health. The statements include:
- control (no stimuli)
- benefit (statement about the benefits of accurate information disclosure)
- risk (statement about the risks of inaccurate information disclosure)
- privacy (a traditional medical privacy notification and seal image)
- privacy + benefit
- privacy + risk After this intervention participants are asked to disclose eight items of personal health information, including their weight, height, alcohol intake, illegal drug use, prescription drug abuse, smoking, exercise, and sexual activity. We do not assess these actual numbers. They will be the basis for assessing truthfulness by answer adjustment or biometric mouse-movement.
An example of an intervention benefit statement followed by a health question about weight reads: "What is your weight? Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis." A risk statement reads: "What is your weight? Inaccurately answering this will increase the likelihood of an incorrect diagnosis." A privacy statement read: "What is your weight? We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data."
The dependent variable - patient truthfulness, will be measured in two ways.
- First measure of truthfulness will be a biometric mouse-movement measure. As participants answer the health care questions coded programming will measure the mouse-movement arc distance and time to response for biometric lie detection. This measurement is completed when participants move to their response to each health question.
- Second measure of truthfulness will be the answer adjustment method. Participants will be given a summary of their answers from their health questions in a read-only format and asked to indicate how OVER of UNDERSTATED each initial response was (e.g., "You indicated that your current weight is 185 lbs. How overstated or understated is that value?") on a scale from -5 (understated) to 5 (overstated). The absolute value of their scaled response represents the extent to which participants' initial response deviated from the truth. This the unit of measure to be used in analysis.
- The answer adjustment values and the mouse tracking results provide a more holistic measure of truthfulness than one alone.
No personal identifiers are collected. Age and gender are collected.
- Conditions
- Patient Lying, Privacy Statements, Risk Statements, Benefit Statements, Patient Lie Detection
- Being tested
- Benefit statement, Risk Statement, Privacy Statement, Benefit + Privacy, Risk + Privacy
- Keywords
- patient lies, lie detection, privacy, risk, benefits
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Benefit statementBehavioural
The participant reads this statement after asked one of eight health questions
- What is your height in inches?
- What is your weight in pounds?
- How many days out of the last 2 weeks did you drink alcohol?
- How often a month do you use other substance such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, or other drugs
- How often a month do you use Rx or non-Rx medications to excessive amounts?
- When was the last time you smoked a cigarette?
- How many days in the last 2 weeks did you engage in more than 30 min exercise?
- How many times did you engage in sexual activity in the last month with another individual? . The statement reads: Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis.
An example of this with one of the 8 health questions is... What number of days in the last 2 weeks you engaged in >30 minutes of exercise? Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis.
Risk StatementBehavioural
The participant reads this statement after being asked one of eight health questions.
The statement reads: Inaccurately answering this will increase the likelihood of an incorrect diagnosis.
Privacy StatementBehavioural
The participant reads this statement after being asked one of eight health question for example. "We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data."
Benefit + PrivacyBehavioural
The statement reads "Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data."
Risk + PrivacyBehavioural
The statement reads "Inaccurately answering this will increase the likelihood of an incorrect diagnosis. We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data."
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | No statement is provided before asking the health care question. Example: What is your weight in pounds? |
| Benefit Statement | Experimental | A statement of benefit will be given (see intervention) after the health question. Receives: Behavioral: Benefit statement |
| Risk Statement | Experimental | A statement of risk will be given (see intervention) after the health question. Receives: Behavioral: Risk Statement |
| Privacy Statement | Experimental | A statement of privacy will be given (see intervention) after the health question. Receives: Behavioral: Privacy Statement |
| Benefit + Privacy statement | Experimental | A statement of benefit and privacy will be given (see intervention) after the health question. Receives: Behavioral: Benefit + Privacy |
| Risk + privacy statement | Experimental | A statement of risk and privacy will be given (see intervention) after the health question. Receives: Behavioral: Risk + Privacy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Patient truthfulness - biometric mouse-movement distance
The measure of the distance (mm) the mouse travels to the response.
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness - biometric mouse-movement time
The measure of the time (ms) the mouse travels to the response.
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Weight - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participants will be given a summary of their answers from their health questions in a read-only format and asked to indicate how over- or understated each initial response was (e.g., "You indicated that your current weight is 185 lbs. How overstated or understated is that value?") on a scale from -5 (understated) to 5 (overstated). The absolute value of their response represents the extent to which participants' initial response deviated from the truth. Participant's actual response to the health questions are NOT an outcome measure but rather how much they adjust their answer on a scale of (-5 to +5).
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Height - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (What is your height in inches) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Drink Alcohol - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How many days out of the last 2 weeks did you drink alcohol? (1 = 0 time; 6 = 13-14 times)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Drug Activity - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How often a month do you use other substance such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, or other drugs (1 = never; 6 = all the time)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Prescription Use - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How often a month do you use Rx or non-Rx medications to excessive amounts? (1 = never; 6 = all the time)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Cigarette Smoking- answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (When was the last time you smoked a cigarette? (1 = 6+ weeks ago to 6 = today)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Exercise Activity- answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How many days in the last 2 weeks did you engage in more than 30 min exercise? (1 = 13-14 times; 6 = 0 times)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Patient truthfulness Sexual Activity - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How many times did you engage in sexual activity in the last month with another individual? (1 = 0; 6 = 20+ times)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Gender
Participants will record their gender they identify with - Male or Female
Measured: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Mar 2021
- Study start12 Feb 2020
- Primary completion19 Apr 2020
- Study completion19 Apr 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Patient LyingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of UtahThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants are randomly assigned one of 1 intervention statements and then asked health care questions. This is a between subject 6 cell study, the dependent variable is the amount of lying as measured by answer adjustment and biometric mouse-movement under each intervention statement.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 619 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Utah
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tamara Masters, University of Utah
- Investigators
- Mark Keith, PhD, Principal investigator, Brigham Young University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04803448
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 19-059
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 17 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The IRB does not allow for sharing of individual participant data
Publications
Levy AG, Scherer AM, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Larkin K, Barnes GD, Fagerlin A. Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Patient Nondisclosure of Medically Relevant Information to Clinicians. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Nov 2;1(7):e185293. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5293.
PubMed 30646397Jerrold L. Litigation, legislation, and ethics. When patients lie to their doctors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Mar;139(3):417-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.004. No abstract available.
PubMed 21392699Petty RE, Cacioppo JT. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1986;19:123-205
Lowry PB, Moody G, Vance A, Jensen M, Jenkins J, Wells T. Using an elaboration likelihood approach to better understand the persuasiveness of website privacy assurance cues for online consumers. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2012;63(4):755-776
Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011 Jan;6(1):3-5. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
PubMed 26162106Kahneman D, Tversky A. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica. 1979;47(2):263-291
Jenkins JL, Proudfoot J, Valacich J, Grimes GM, Nunamaker Jr JF. Sleight of hand: identifying concealed information by monitoring mouse-cursor movements. Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 2019;20(1):1-32
Keith MJ, Thompson SC, Hale J, Lowry PB, Greer C. Information disclosure on mobile devices: re-examining privacy calculus with actual user behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 2013;71(12):1163-1173
DePaulo BM, Kashy DA, Kirkendol SE, Wyer MM, Epstein JA. Lying in everyday life. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 May;70(5):979-95.
PubMed 8656340Argo JJ, White K, Dahl DW. Social comparison theory and deception in the interpersonal exchange of consumption information. Journal of Consumer Research. 2006;33(1):99-108
Marchewka A, Jednorog K, Falkiewicz M, Szeszkowski W, Grabowska A, Szatkowska I. Sex, lies and fMRI--gender differences in neural basis of deception. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043076. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
PubMed 22952631
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Patient Doctor Lies: When is Privacy Assurance a Bad Thing? A Randomized Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04803448
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 19-059
- Conditions
- Patient Lying, Privacy Statements, Risk Statements, Benefit Statements, Patient Lie Detection
- Keywords
- patient lies, lie detection, privacy, risk, benefits
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 619 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of UtahUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Apr 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 19 Apr 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Accurate patient information disclosure is critical to provide optimal treatment. Methods that can detect and then increase the truthfulness of information are relatively unknown.
To investigate the impact of communication about privacy, benefits, and risk on patient truthfulness, the investigators test two new methods to detect patient truthfulness and demonstrate the effects of privacy notices (e.g. HIPPA statements).
Participants include a national online sample randomly assigned to one of six treatment statements that might be typically given before health information was requested. The assigned treatments include one or mix of the following: privacy notice, statement of the benefits of accurate disclosure, and statement of the risks of inaccurate disclosure and control of no statement before being asked typical health questions.
The investigators propose that based on elaboration likelihood model, statements reminding participants of their privacy will increase lying.
The investigators hypothesis the use of a new biometric mouse movement lie detection method and answer adjustment can measure patient lies.
The investigators hypothesis that reminders of the risk of not telling the truth will reduce lying due to risk aversion.
Lastly the investigators hypothesis that statements of benefits of answering truthfully will increase truthfulness.
Detailed description
After agreeing to an IRB-approved modified consent form designed to hide the true purpose of the study to detect lying, all participants will complete the CESD-10 depression scale. This validated measure of depression was used in order to simulate the false pretense of the experiment.
This online survey randomly assigns participating adults to one of six intervention statements after which they are asked eight typical questions about their health. The statements include:
- control (no stimuli)
- benefit (statement about the benefits of accurate information disclosure)
- risk (statement about the risks of inaccurate information disclosure)
- privacy (a traditional medical privacy notification and seal image)
- privacy + benefit
- privacy + risk After this intervention participants are asked to disclose eight items of personal health information, including their weight, height, alcohol intake, illegal drug use, prescription drug abuse, smoking, exercise, and sexual activity. We do not assess these actual numbers. They will be the basis for assessing truthfulness by answer adjustment or biometric mouse-movement.
An example of an intervention benefit statement followed by a health question about weight reads: "What is your weight? Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis." A risk statement reads: "What is your weight? Inaccurately answering this will increase the likelihood of an incorrect diagnosis." A privacy statement read: "What is your weight? We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data."
The dependent variable - patient truthfulness, will be measured in two ways.
- First measure of truthfulness will be a biometric mouse-movement measure. As participants answer the health care questions coded programming will measure the mouse-movement arc distance and time to response for biometric lie detection. This measurement is completed when participants move to their response to each health question.
- Second measure of truthfulness will be the answer adjustment method. Participants will be given a summary of their answers from their health questions in a read-only format and asked to indicate how OVER of UNDERSTATED each initial response was (e.g., "You indicated that your current weight is 185 lbs. How overstated or understated is that value?") on a scale from -5 (understated) to 5 (overstated). The absolute value of their scaled response represents the extent to which participants' initial response deviated from the truth. This the unit of measure to be used in analysis.
- The answer adjustment values and the mouse tracking results provide a more holistic measure of truthfulness than one alone.
No personal identifiers are collected. Age and gender are collected.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
- Model description
- Participants are randomly assigned one of 1 intervention statements and then asked health care questions. This is a between subject 6 cell study, the dependent variable is the amount of lying as measured by answer adjustment and biometric mouse-movement under each intervention statement.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | –No statement is provided before asking the health care question. Example: What is your weight in pounds? |
| Benefit Statement | Experimental | Behavioral: Benefit statementA statement of benefit will be given (see intervention) after the health question. |
| Risk Statement | Experimental | Behavioral: Risk StatementA statement of risk will be given (see intervention) after the health question. |
| Privacy Statement | Experimental | Behavioral: Privacy StatementA statement of privacy will be given (see intervention) after the health question. |
| Benefit + Privacy statement | Experimental | Behavioral: Benefit + PrivacyA statement of benefit and privacy will be given (see intervention) after the health question. |
| Risk + privacy statement | Experimental | Behavioral: Risk + PrivacyA statement of risk and privacy will be given (see intervention) after the health question. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adults
- Individuals 18-80 years
- English speaking
- Live in the United States
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants that do not complete the survey
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Benefit statementThe participant reads this statement after asked one of eight health questions 1. What is your height in inches? 2. What is your weight in pounds? 3. How many days out of the last 2 weeks did you drink alcohol? 4. How often a month do you use other substance such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, or other drugs 5. How often a month do you use Rx or non-Rx medications to excessive amounts? 6. When was the last time you smoked a cigarette? 7. How many days in the last 2 weeks did you engage in more than 30 min exercise? 8. How many times did you engage in sexual activity in the last month with another individual? . The statement reads: Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. An example of this with one of the 8 health questions is... What number of days in the last 2 weeks you engaged in >30 minutes of exercise? Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. | Behavioural | Benefit Statement |
| Risk StatementThe participant reads this statement after being asked one of eight health questions. The statement reads: Inaccurately answering this will increase the likelihood of an incorrect diagnosis. | Behavioural | Risk Statement |
| Privacy StatementThe participant reads this statement after being asked one of eight health question for example. "We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data." | Behavioural | Privacy Statement |
| Benefit + PrivacyThe statement reads "Accurately answering this will increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data." | Behavioural | Benefit + Privacy statement |
| Risk + PrivacyThe statement reads "Inaccurately answering this will increase the likelihood of an incorrect diagnosis. We will not share or sell this personal health information with anyone. We will comply with all HIPPA regulations regarding the protection of your data." | Behavioural | Risk + privacy statement |
Primary outcome
Patient truthfulness - biometric mouse-movement distance
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
The measure of the distance (mm) the mouse travels to the response.
Patient truthfulness - biometric mouse-movement time
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
The measure of the time (ms) the mouse travels to the response.
Patient truthfulness Weight - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participants will be given a summary of their answers from their health questions in a read-only format and asked to indicate how over- or understated each initial response was (e.g., "You indicated that your current weight is 185 lbs. How overstated or understated is that value?") on a scale from -5 (understated) to 5 (overstated). The absolute value of their response represents the extent to which participants' initial response deviated from the truth. Participant's actual response to the health questions are NOT an outcome measure but rather how much they adjust their answer on a scale of (-5 to +5).
Patient truthfulness Height - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (What is your height in inches) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Patient truthfulness Drink Alcohol - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How many days out of the last 2 weeks did you drink alcohol? (1 = 0 time; 6 = 13-14 times)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Patient truthfulness Drug Activity - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How often a month do you use other substance such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, or other drugs (1 = never; 6 = all the time)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Patient truthfulness Prescription Use - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How often a month do you use Rx or non-Rx medications to excessive amounts? (1 = never; 6 = all the time)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Patient truthfulness Cigarette Smoking- answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (When was the last time you smoked a cigarette? (1 = 6+ weeks ago to 6 = today)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Patient truthfulness Exercise Activity- answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How many days in the last 2 weeks did you engage in more than 30 min exercise? (1 = 13-14 times; 6 = 0 times)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
Patient truthfulness Sexual Activity - answer adjustment from -5 to 5 for each health question
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Participant will be shown a summary of their answer from their health question (How many times did you engage in sexual activity in the last month with another individual? (1 = 0; 6 = 20+ times)) and then respond to how much they under represented the information (-5) to being accurate (0) to overstated the information (+5). Participant response will be on a sliding scale -5 to +5
1 secondary outcome
Gender
Time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Mar 2021.
- Background: PubMed 30646397Levy AG, Scherer AM, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Larkin K, Barnes GD, Fagerlin A. Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Patient Nondisclosure of Medically Relevant Information to Clinicians. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Nov 2;1(7):e185293. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5293.
- Background: PubMed 21392699Jerrold L. Litigation, legislation, and ethics. When patients lie to their doctors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Mar;139(3):417-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.004. No abstract available.
- BackgroundPetty RE, Cacioppo JT. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1986;19:123-205
- BackgroundLowry PB, Moody G, Vance A, Jensen M, Jenkins J, Wells T. Using an elaboration likelihood approach to better understand the persuasiveness of website privacy assurance cues for online consumers. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2012;63(4):755-776
- Background: PubMed 26162106Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011 Jan;6(1):3-5. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
- BackgroundKahneman D, Tversky A. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica. 1979;47(2):263-291
- BackgroundJenkins JL, Proudfoot J, Valacich J, Grimes GM, Nunamaker Jr JF. Sleight of hand: identifying concealed information by monitoring mouse-cursor movements. Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 2019;20(1):1-32
- BackgroundKeith MJ, Thompson SC, Hale J, Lowry PB, Greer C. Information disclosure on mobile devices: re-examining privacy calculus with actual user behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 2013;71(12):1163-1173
- Background: PubMed 8656340DePaulo BM, Kashy DA, Kirkendol SE, Wyer MM, Epstein JA. Lying in everyday life. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 May;70(5):979-95.
- BackgroundArgo JJ, White K, Dahl DW. Social comparison theory and deception in the interpersonal exchange of consumption information. Journal of Consumer Research. 2006;33(1):99-108
- Background: PubMed 22952631Marchewka A, Jednorog K, Falkiewicz M, Szeszkowski W, Grabowska A, Szatkowska I. Sex, lies and fMRI--gender differences in neural basis of deception. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043076. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
- Lies patients and doctors tellLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The IRB does not allow for sharing of individual participant data
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mark Keith, PhD principal investigator
Brigham Young University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Benefit statement, Risk Statement and Privacy Statement in people with Patient Lying and Privacy Statements, run by University of Utah at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Patient truthfulness - biometric mouse-movement distance (time frame: The time frame of data collection will be from when the survey is opened by the participant until it is completed and submitted. This will take 10 - 20 minutes.). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04803448, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Mar 2021.