Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP)NCT04804761
The Effect of Electroacupuncture (EA) on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) and Post-operative Pain Relief in Mandibular Molar With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP) Among Malaysians: A Study Protocol for Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Pilot Study
A study testing Electroacupuncture in people with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP), run by IMU University, Malaysia at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
Acupuncture is recognized for its pain relief effect. Electroacupuncture(EA) is a form of acupuncture where electric current is passed between pairs of acupuncture needles in order to achieve therapeutic effect. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP)
- What is being tested?
- Electroacupuncture
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2023to 31 Jul 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All Malaysians above the age of 18 years old having a restorable first or second mandibular molar with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and a history of spontaneous pain presenting with pain level above 54 mm using 170 mm Heft-Parker visual analogue scale (HP-VAS).
Who cannot join
- Patient with severe systemic disorders, mental disorders, seizures or epilepsy, heart disease, severe clotting disorders, severe periodontal disease or a widening of the periodontal ligament space or periapical radiolucency.
- Patient having a pacemaker.
- Pregnant or lactating women.
- Patient who is true needle phobia [51].
- Patient who has a malignant tumor, wound, infection, lymphedema or fracture at electroacupuncture site.
- Patient who is sensitive to mepivacaine and paracetamol.
- Patient who has a history of treatment with acupuncture, or using any type of medication that could affect the current perception of pain such as tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, analgesics, corticosteroids, or antibiotic at least 24 hours before the endodontic therapy.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Malaysia1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
International Medical University
Kuala Lumpur, 57000
Yen Suan Sin, +60327317201 ext. 2716, yensuansin@imu.edu.my
Shekhar Bhatia, +60327317240 ext. 2763, ShekharBhatia@imu.edu.my
About this study
Acupuncture is recognized for its pain relief effect. Electroacupuncture(EA) is a form of acupuncture where electric current is passed between pairs of acupuncture needles in order to achieve therapeutic effect. However, there are significantly low number of studies which have discussed the effect of electroacupuncture on dental treatment. Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is a common condition among dental patients. The success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block before commencing the endodontic treatment of a tooth diagnosed with SIP is reported to be relatively as low as 25%. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of electroacupuncture on the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block and post-operative pain relief for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis among Malaysians.
Read the detailed description
A randomized double-blinded clinical pilot study will be conducted in an IMU Oral Health Centre, registered under Malaysia local authority. Convenient stratified blocked random sampling method will be used. Subjects included are those who will undergo endodontic treatment due to SIP between April 2020 to April 2022. 20 subjects are randomly allocated into real and sham acupuncture group. Electroacupuncture on LI4 HeGu, PC6 NeiGuan, ST6 JiaChe and ST7 XiaGuan will be applied on patients for 30 minutes before endodontic treatment. Pain levels are measured with Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP-VAS) at the time point before and after EA, before and after endodontic treatment, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment. For sham acupuncture group, blunted needles which do not penetrate the skin but will only be placed on the skin and stabilised by cotton ball and surgical tape at respective acupuncture points. No manipulation will be conducted for the sham acupuncture group. Patients, endodontist and data analyst are blinded in this study. Data collected will be analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. Paired T-test will be used to compare the pre-EA and post-EA pain score. T-test will be used to compare the pain scores of real and sham EA groups at each time interval including post-EA, during treatment and post-treatment ; and for induction time of IANBs in real and sham EA groups.
This study will identify the effect of EA on the success rate of IANB and post-operative pain relief for SIP among Malaysian.
- Conditions
- Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP)
- Being tested
- Electroacupuncture
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ElectroacupunctureOther
Needle insertion on bilateral LI4 HeGu and PC6 NeiGuan and ipsilateral ST6 JiaChe and ST7 XiaGuan (as shown in Table 1), using disposable sterile acupuncture needles (length 25 mm, diameter 0.25 mm; Seirin Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Real EA group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Electroacupuncture |
| Sham EA group | Sham comparator | Not described Receives: Other: Electroacupuncture |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain levels on HP-VAS after electroacupuncture
Measured: Immediately after needle removal
HP-VAS during endodontic procedure
Measured: During endodontic procedure
Secondary outcomes (1)
HP-VAS at 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment
Measured: 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Mar 2021
- Study start1 Jan 2023
- Primary completion30 Jun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Jul 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (22)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Twenty subjects will be recruited from IMU Oral Health Centre, Bukit Jalil who come for endodontic treatment due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis between April 2020 to April 2022.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- IMU University, Malaysia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, SIN YEN SUAN, IMU University, Malaysia
- Investigators
- Yen Suan Sin, Principal investigator, IMU University, Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04804761
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BCM I/2019(05)
- Status last verified
- Feb 2023
- First submitted
- 16 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 1 Mar 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
European Society of Endodontology. Quality guidelines for endodontic treatment: consensus report of the European Society of Endodontology. Int Endod J. 2006 Dec;39(12):921-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01180.x.
PubMed 17180780Erdem Hepsenoglu Y, Eyuboglu TF, Ozcan M. Postoperative Pain Intensity after Single- versus Two-visit Nonsurgical Endodontic Retreatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod. 2018 Sep;44(9):1339-1346. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.017. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
PubMed 30054099Aggarwal V, Singla M, Miglani S, Kohli S. Comparative Evaluation of Mental Incisal Nerve Block, Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, and Their Combination on the Anesthetic Success Rate in Symptomatic Mandibular Premolars: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. J Endod. 2016 Jun;42(6):843-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.02.015. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
PubMed 27086046Click V, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M. Evaluation of the Gow-Gates and Vazirani-Akinosi techniques in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized study. J Endod. 2015 Jan;41(1):16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.010. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
PubMed 25442724Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Fowler S. Successful pulpal anesthesia for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Apr;148(4):267-271. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
PubMed 28190451Fowler S, Drum M, Reader A, Beck M. Anesthetic Success of an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Supplemental Articaine Buccal Infiltration for Molars and Premolars in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod. 2016 Mar;42(3):390-2. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.025. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
PubMed 26831048Kung J, McDonagh M, Sedgley CM. Does Articaine Provide an Advantage over Lidocaine in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod. 2015 Nov;41(11):1784-94. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Aug 17.
PubMed 26293174Topcuoglu HS, Arslan H, Topcuoglu G, Demirbuga S. The Effect of Cryotherapy Application on the Success Rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod. 2019 Aug;45(8):965-969. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.001. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
PubMed 31204040Saatchi M, Khademi A, Baghaei B, Noormohammadi H. Effect of sodium bicarbonate-buffered lidocaine on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized double-blind study. J Endod. 2015 Jan;41(1):33-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
PubMed 25442722Dianat O, Mozayeni MA, Layeghnejad MK, Shojaeian S. The efficacy of supplemental intraseptal and buccal infiltration anesthesia in mandibular molars of patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Mar;24(3):1281-1286. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03006-8. Epub 2019 Jul 13.
PubMed 31302768Nagendrababu V, Pulikkotil SJ, Jinatongthai P, Veettil SK, Teerawattanapong N, Gutmann JL. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Premedication on Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Endod. 2019 Apr;45(4):364-371. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.016. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
PubMed 30737050Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Donaldson M. Short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and adverse effects: An updated systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Feb;147(2):98-110. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.07.020. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
PubMed 26562732Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;24(2):121-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.11.005.
PubMed 20227026Mandegaran R, Conway C, Elton C. Lower gastrointestinal adverse effects of NSAIDS: an extreme example of a common problem. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Feb 20;2013:bcr2012008274. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008274.
PubMed 23429022Carrotte P. Endodontics: Part 3. Treatment of endodontic emergencies. Br Dent J. 2004 Sep 25;197(6):299-305. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4811641.
PubMed 15454989
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Mar 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Electroacupuncture (EA) on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) and Post-operative Pain Relief in Mandibular Molar With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP) Among Malaysians: A Study Protocol for Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04804761
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BCM I/2019(05)
- Conditions
- Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP)
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- IMU University, MalaysiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 18 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Acupuncture is recognized for its pain relief effect. Electroacupuncture(EA) is a form of acupuncture where electric current is passed between pairs of acupuncture needles in order to achieve therapeutic effect. However, there are significantly low number of studies which have discussed the effect of electroacupuncture on dental treatment. Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is a common condition among dental patients. The success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block before commencing the endodontic treatment of a tooth diagnosed with SIP is reported to be relatively as low as 25%. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of electroacupuncture on the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block and post-operative pain relief for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis among Malaysians.
Detailed description
A randomized double-blinded clinical pilot study will be conducted in an IMU Oral Health Centre, registered under Malaysia local authority. Convenient stratified blocked random sampling method will be used. Subjects included are those who will undergo endodontic treatment due to SIP between April 2020 to April 2022. 20 subjects are randomly allocated into real and sham acupuncture group. Electroacupuncture on LI4 HeGu, PC6 NeiGuan, ST6 JiaChe and ST7 XiaGuan will be applied on patients for 30 minutes before endodontic treatment. Pain levels are measured with Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP-VAS) at the time point before and after EA, before and after endodontic treatment, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment. For sham acupuncture group, blunted needles which do not penetrate the skin but will only be placed on the skin and stabilised by cotton ball and surgical tape at respective acupuncture points. No manipulation will be conducted for the sham acupuncture group. Patients, endodontist and data analyst are blinded in this study. Data collected will be analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. Paired T-test will be used to compare the pre-EA and post-EA pain score. T-test will be used to compare the pain scores of real and sham EA groups at each time interval including post-EA, during treatment and post-treatment ; and for induction time of IANBs in real and sham EA groups.
This study will identify the effect of EA on the success rate of IANB and post-operative pain relief for SIP among Malaysian.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Twenty subjects will be recruited from IMU Oral Health Centre, Bukit Jalil who come for endodontic treatment due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis between April 2020 to April 2022.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Real EA group | Experimental | Other: Electroacupuncture |
| Sham EA group | Sham comparator | Other: Electroacupuncture |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- All Malaysians above the age of 18 years old having a restorable first or second mandibular molar with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and a history of spontaneous pain presenting with pain level above 54 mm using 170 mm Heft-Parker visual analogue scale (HP-VAS).
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patient with severe systemic disorders, mental disorders, seizures or epilepsy, heart disease, severe clotting disorders, severe periodontal disease or a widening of the periodontal ligament space or periapical radiolucency.
- Patient having a pacemaker.
- Pregnant or lactating women.
- Patient who is true needle phobia [51].
- Patient who has a malignant tumor, wound, infection, lymphedema or fracture at electroacupuncture site.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ElectroacupunctureNeedle insertion on bilateral LI4 HeGu and PC6 NeiGuan and ipsilateral ST6 JiaChe and ST7 XiaGuan (as shown in Table 1), using disposable sterile acupuncture needles (length 25 mm, diameter 0.25 mm; Seirin Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan) | Other | Real EA group, Sham EA group |
Primary outcome
Pain levels on HP-VAS after electroacupuncture
Time frame: Immediately after needle removal
HP-VAS during endodontic procedure
Time frame: During endodontic procedure
1 secondary outcome
HP-VAS at 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment
Time frame: 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Mar 2023.
- Background: PubMed 17180780European Society of Endodontology. Quality guidelines for endodontic treatment: consensus report of the European Society of Endodontology. Int Endod J. 2006 Dec;39(12):921-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01180.x.
- Background: PubMed 30054099Erdem Hepsenoglu Y, Eyuboglu TF, Ozcan M. Postoperative Pain Intensity after Single- versus Two-visit Nonsurgical Endodontic Retreatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod. 2018 Sep;44(9):1339-1346. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.017. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
- Background: PubMed 27086046Aggarwal V, Singla M, Miglani S, Kohli S. Comparative Evaluation of Mental Incisal Nerve Block, Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, and Their Combination on the Anesthetic Success Rate in Symptomatic Mandibular Premolars: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. J Endod. 2016 Jun;42(6):843-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.02.015. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
- Background: PubMed 25442724Click V, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M. Evaluation of the Gow-Gates and Vazirani-Akinosi techniques in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized study. J Endod. 2015 Jan;41(1):16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.010. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
- Background: PubMed 28190451Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Fowler S. Successful pulpal anesthesia for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Apr;148(4):267-271. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
- Background: PubMed 26831048Fowler S, Drum M, Reader A, Beck M. Anesthetic Success of an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Supplemental Articaine Buccal Infiltration for Molars and Premolars in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod. 2016 Mar;42(3):390-2. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.025. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
- Background: PubMed 26293174Kung J, McDonagh M, Sedgley CM. Does Articaine Provide an Advantage over Lidocaine in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod. 2015 Nov;41(11):1784-94. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Aug 17.
- Background: PubMed 31204040Topcuoglu HS, Arslan H, Topcuoglu G, Demirbuga S. The Effect of Cryotherapy Application on the Success Rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod. 2019 Aug;45(8):965-969. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.001. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
- Background: PubMed 25442722Saatchi M, Khademi A, Baghaei B, Noormohammadi H. Effect of sodium bicarbonate-buffered lidocaine on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized double-blind study. J Endod. 2015 Jan;41(1):33-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
- Background: PubMed 31302768Dianat O, Mozayeni MA, Layeghnejad MK, Shojaeian S. The efficacy of supplemental intraseptal and buccal infiltration anesthesia in mandibular molars of patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Mar;24(3):1281-1286. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03006-8. Epub 2019 Jul 13.
- Background: PubMed 30737050Nagendrababu V, Pulikkotil SJ, Jinatongthai P, Veettil SK, Teerawattanapong N, Gutmann JL. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Premedication on Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Endod. 2019 Apr;45(4):364-371. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.016. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
- Background: PubMed 26562732Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Donaldson M. Short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and adverse effects: An updated systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Feb;147(2):98-110. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.07.020. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Yen Suan Sin principal investigator
IMU University, Malaysia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Electroacupuncture in people with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP), run by IMU University, Malaysia at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Mar 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Yen Suan Sin (+60327317201 ext. 2716, yensuansin@imu.edu.my), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain levels on HP-VAS after electroacupuncture (time frame: Immediately after needle removal). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04804761, which also lists 22 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Mar 2023.