The Effects of the Instrumental Reminiscence Therapy

The population of the elderly is increasing all over the world and in our country Globally, the number of people aged 65 and over is reported to be 727 million in 2020. In the next thirty years, it is predicted that the number of elderly people in the world will be over 1.5 billion and the rate of the population aged 65 and over, which was 9.3% in 2020, will increase to 16.0% in 2050. With the aging society, there are more elderly people in the service area of nurses. For this reason, there is a need to plan nursing interventions to improve and maintain elderly health and quality of life. With the increase of the elderly population in the world and in our country, the problems experienced by the elderly gain importance, and the necessity of interventions to meet their social and emotional needs comes to the fore.

The Roy Adaptation Model (RAM), developed by Sister Callista Roy, from an expanded, integrated and holistic nursing perspective (RAM), enables the development of theory-based nursing interventions in the process of adapting to old age and coping with the problems encountered. According to RAM, nursing balances knowledge of biology and behavioral sciences with "the understanding of individuals as both a physiological being in a physical world and as a creature that thinks and feels with human experience in a cosmic world. According to Roy, the general purpose of nursing is to improve the health of individuals and groups by enabling them to adapt to each of the four areas of adaptation, including physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence. According to Roy, nurses contribute to improving the health of individuals and groups, as well as increasing the quality of life and dying in dignity. The elderly population is one of the groups that need adaptation. it is a process that requires adaptation to critical conditions of life such as separations, losses and approaching the end of life. Compliance is considered important in this age group. When elderly individuals cannot adapt to the aging process, they face some psychological problems such as loneliness, unhappiness, despair, loneliness, depression, and fear of death. This situation negatively affects the quality of life and life satisfaction of elderly individuals. In old age, with the increasing longing for the old, adaptation due to aging decreases, and the situation becomes difficult to cope with the addition of forgetfulness.

Recall therapy, which is used to cope with forgetfulness in elderly individuals, is one of the non-pharmacological approaches preferred in recent years for successful agin. It can significantly affect their ability to adapt. Recall therapy, in the Classification of Nursing Interventions (NIC), includes "remembering past events, feelings, and thoughts;" pleasure, quality of life or using it to facilitate adaptation to existing conditions ". In this context, reminiscence therapy takes an important place in nursing care as a therapeutic nursing intervention in order to increase the quality of life of the elderly and facilitate their adaptation processes.

Life satisfaction, which is an important element of quality aging, consists of basic indicators such as length of life, biological and mental health, cognitive competence, social competence, productivity, personal control and enjoyment of life. It has been stated that health-enhancing behaviors play an important role in increasing the life satisfaction of elderly individuals. In this context, group activities with the elderly; It enables the individual to keep his / her relationships with his / her social environment alive, to make efforts to improve memory and physical functions by bringing his creativity to the forefront, to look positively to life and to enjoy life Older participants in Aberg's qualitative study stated that their activity and independence are very important for their life satisfaction and that good past memories are remembered in this process. These health-enhancing reminiscence-based activities have an important place in reducing the years lost due to premature deaths, adding the remaining years to a healthy life and increasing life adaptation. is a process. Another concept related to the concept of satisfaction with life and positive on the quality of life is the concept of "happiness." Changes in old age and changes in lifestyle affect the happiness levels of the elderly. Happiness is an important indicator of well-being and healthy aging The concept of happiness is addressed with the concept of subjective well-being, and subjective well-being is defined as an individual's personal assessment of his life and reporting his own judgment. In the study of Akyıl et al., It was stated that those living at home and those who felt 'well' physically and psychologically had higher levels of subjective happiness.

In a study conducted, it was stated that there was a positive correlation between the autonomy level and happiness levels of elderly individuals, their happiness decreased and depression increased as their autonomy decreased. In another study conducted with the elderly living in institutions, 49.7% of the participants felt themselves unhapp .

Remember-based activities play a positive role in improving the quality of life of the elderly. In the literature, it is seen that studies examining the effects of reminiscence therapy on elderly health are often on quality of life, anxiety, and depression In the study of Tribe (2018), it is stated that reminiscence therapy has a positive effect on the sleep quality of the elderly living in institutions. and it is aimed to determine the effect on their happiness. It is thought that the results to be obtained will contribute to the planning of education and care activities aimed at improving the health of the elderly for health professionals working in institutions where elderly care services are provided. In this study, it is important to know the factors that affect the adaptation of the elderly first in planning the remembering therapy to be applied to the elderly. Therefore, the research will be conducted in two stages. The first phase will be carried out in accordance with the qualitative research design in order to reveal the life experiences related to the adaptation of the elderly who have transferred to the nursing home for the first time in the last year. In the second stage, it is aimed to determine the effect of reminiscence therapy based on the Roy Adaptation Model on the level of adaptation, life satisfaction and happiness of the elderly.