Motor Imagery TrainingNCT04822896
Acute Effects of Motor Imagery and Physical Exercise on Tongue Strength and Pain Threshold in Healthy Adults
A study testing Physical Exercise, Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Exercises and Visual Motor Imagery Exercises in people with Motor Imagery Training and Physical Exercise, run by Dokuz Eylul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Motor imagery is the feeling and thinking that the movement is done by imagination without physically occurring. In addition to its use in various fields, its use in the field of physiotherapy is also increasing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Motor Imagery Training, Physical Exercise, Orofacial Exercise
- What is being tested?
- Physical Exercise, Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Exercises and Visual Motor Imagery Exercises
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- Mar 2021to Jun 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants age between 18-65
- Symmetrical chewing function, fluent mouth and tongue movements
Who cannot join
- Participants with systemic, cardiorespiratuar, central nerve system and romatologic diseases or musculoskeletal pain or craniocervical pathology
- A history of orofacial pain or temporomandibular diseases.
- Over-reacting for touching or tooth-pain
- Pregnancy or possibility of pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Dokuz Eylül University
Izmir
Buse Ozcan Kahraman, PhD
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Acute Effects of Motor Imagery and Physical Exercise on Tongue Strength and Pain Threshold in Healthy Adults
Motor imagery is the feeling and thinking that the movement is done by imagination without physically occurring. In addition to its use in various fields, its use in the field of physiotherapy is also increasing. Especially in situations where real movement is difficult or contraindicated, motor visualization is very advantageous when there is no physical contact.
Swallowing function is one of the vital functions that ensure human independence. Like many components in swallowing, tongue muscle is also important. It has been shown that the strength of the tongue decreases with age, disease or other reasons. In the development of the strength of the tongue, while physiological principles are taken as basis, a different procedure from normal procedures is performed. However, language is a part of the body where one can study on his own.
Read more
Such situations lead to research on whether language reinforcement can occur with motor imagery. Considering that in addition to long-term effects, acute effects may also affect the functions of individuals, the starting point of the study is formed. Studies have investigated the acute change in tongue strength and pain perception after motor imagery.
The primary aim of this study is compare the acute effects of different motor imagery methods and physical exercise on tongue strength and pain in heatlhy adults.
- Being tested
- Physical Exercise, Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Exercises, Visual Motor Imagery Exercises
- Keywords
- motor imagery, tongue strength, orofacial exercises
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Physical ExerciseBehavioural
The videos will be prepared by the researchers and will be watched by the physical exercise group, which includes exercises such as "shifting the jaw to the side, pushing the tongue forward, jaw opening, sliding the jaw with the tongue, opening the chin with the tongue, opening the chin by pressing the tongue against the palate and shifting the chin with the person's own resistance". Then they will be asked to do the exercises physically. Each exercise will be applied as 2 sets x 10 repetitions. There will be a 30-second break between sets.
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery ExercisesBehavioural
Seven exercises designated as "jaw shifting, tongue pushing forward, jaw opening, jaw shifting with tongue, jaw opening with tongue, jaw shifting by pressing the tongue on the palate, and chin shifting with one's own resistance", the videos prepared by the researchers and containing these exercises Once viewed, it will be applied as "kinesthetic imagery". Each exercise will be applied as 2 sets x 10 repetitions. There will be a 30-second break between sets.
Visual Motor Imagery ExercisesBehavioural
Seven exercises designated as "jaw shifting, tongue pushing forward, jaw opening, jaw shifting with tongue, jaw opening with tongue, jaw shifting by pressing the tongue on the palate, and chin shifting with one's own resistance", the videos prepared by the researchers and containing these exercises Once viewed, it will be applied as "visual imagery". Each exercise will be applied as 2 sets x 10 repetitions. There will be a 30-second break between sets.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Kinesthetic Motor Imagery | Experimental | They will be asked to imagine the exercises kinesthetically from a first person perspective (as if they were doing it themselves). Receives: Behavioral: Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Exercises |
| Visual Motor Imagery | Experimental | They will be asked to imagine the exercises visually from a third person perspective (as if they were watching from the mirror / from the mirror while doing it themselves). Receives: Behavioral: Visual Motor Imagery Exercises |
| Real Physical Movements | Active comparator | They will be asked to actually do the exercises shown in the video. Receives: Behavioral: Physical Exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Tongue Strength
Tongue strength will be measured by the tongue pressure measuring device. The measurement will be in the form of placing a bulb filled with air and designed to transmit pressure, just behind the anterior teeth, on the hard palate, and the tongue compresses this bulb and transmits the pressure to the device. People will be asked to lift their tongue and press the bulbous for about three seconds. 3 measurements will be made in front and back of the tongue separately. In the anterior tongue evaluation, the bulb is placed in the palate just behind the teeth, and in the posterior tongue evaluation, the bulb is placed in the hard palate. It has been shown that it is valid and safe to measure the strength of the front and back regions of the tongue by this method.Measurements are recorded in kPa. The value of change in tongue strength expresses the effect of intervention on tongue strength. Higher kPa values mean strong tongue. Increasing in change implies that more force is being generated.
Measured: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.
Change in Pain Threshold
Pain threshold will be measured with an algometer. The areas to be measured in this study were determined as masseter muscle (2.5 cm in front of the tragus, 1.5 cm below) and temporalis (3 cm above the lateral edge of the eye). Measurements from each region will be made 3 times at 30 second intervals and the average of the measurements will be included for analysis. During the measurement, the algometer will be held perpendicular to the skin. Measurement is terminated at the first value at which discomfort is felt. Measurements from each region will be made 3 times at 30 second intervals and the average of the measurements will be included for analysis. The change in pain threshold will be used as a measurement tool to determine how the intervention is affecting the pain threshold. Higher values in the pain threshold indicate that the person is more susceptible to pain.
Measured: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.
Secondary outcomes (5)
Change in Perceived Exertion
After the actual and motor imagery exercises, the perceived exertion of the participants will be evaluated with the Borg scale. On this scale, individuals rate their perceived difficulty between 6 (I did not feel any difficulty) and 20 (very, very difficult). High score means more perceived exertion.
Measured: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.
Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised
It is a questionnaire used for administration in healthy adults and athletic populations and includes movements that require a high degree of skill and coordination. The visual and kinesthetic motor imagery skills of the person are measured with the scale consisting of 8 items. Items related to visual imagery are evaluated with a Likert type scale between 1 (very difficult to see) and 7 (very easy to see). Items related to kinesthetic imagery are likewise evaluated using a Likert-type scale that is graded between 1 (very difficult to feel) and 7 (very easy to feel). High scores indicate high visual and kinesthetic imagery skills. The Turkish validation study of the questionnaire has been conducted and it has been shown to be valid and reliable.
Measured: At baseline
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Jaw Movement Task
The participants will actually execute and imagine a motor task: jaw movements. The duration of actual and imagined movements will be recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch. During the execution of the actual and imagined movements subjects will hold the electronic stopwatch in their non-dominant hand. They will start the stopwatch when they started to move (actual or imagined movement) and they will stop it when they completed their movement (actual or imagined). The ratio between real and imagined time will be calculated. A ratio close to 1 means that motor imagery is close to physical motion.
Measured: At baseline
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Tongue Movement Task
The participants will actually execute and imagine a motor task: tongue movements. The duration of actual and imagined movements will be recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch. During the execution of the actual and imagined movements subjects will hold the electronic stopwatch in their non-dominant hand. They will start the stopwatch when they started to move (actual or imagined movement) and they will stop it when they completed their movement (actual or imagined). The ratio between real and imagined time will be calculated. A ratio close to 1 means that motor imagery is close to physical motion.
Measured: At baseline
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Writing Task
The participants will actually execute and imagine a motor task: writing the following sentence: "Ankara is the capital of Turkey". The duration of actual and imagined movements will be recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch. During the execution of the actual and imagined movements subjects will hold the electronic stopwatch in their non-dominant hand. They will start the stopwatch when they started to move (actual or imagined movement) and they will stop it when they completed their movement (actual or imagined). A ratio close to 1 means that motor imagery is close to physical motion.
Measured: At baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Mar 2021
- Study startMar 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completionJun 2021 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Motor Imagery TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Dokuz Eylul University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Turhan Kahraman, Dokuz Eylul University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04822896
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 5857-GOA
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 21 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 30 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Acute Effects of Motor Imagery and Physical Exercise on Tongue Strength and Pain Threshold in Healthy Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04822896
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 5857-GOA
- Keywords
- motor imagery, tongue strength, orofacial exercises
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Dokuz Eylul UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Study start
- Mar 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Motor imagery is the feeling and thinking that the movement is done by imagination without physically occurring. In addition to its use in various fields, its use in the field of physiotherapy is also increasing. Especially in situations where real movement is difficult or contraindicated, motor visualization is very advantageous when there is no physical contact.
Swallowing function is one of the vital functions that ensure human independence. Like many components in swallowing, tongue muscle is also important. It has been shown that the strength of the tongue decreases with age, disease or other reasons. In the development of the strength of the tongue, while physiological principles are taken as basis, a different procedure from normal procedures is performed. However, language is a part of the body where one can study on his own.
Such situations lead to research on whether language reinforcement can occur with motor imagery. Considering that in addition to long-term effects, acute effects may also affect the functions of individuals, the starting point of the study is formed. Studies have investigated the acute change in tongue strength and pain perception after motor imagery.
The primary aim of this study is compare the acute effects of different motor imagery methods and physical exercise on tongue strength and pain in heatlhy adults.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Kinesthetic Motor Imagery | Experimental | Behavioral: Kinesthetic Motor Imagery ExercisesThey will be asked to imagine the exercises kinesthetically from a first person perspective (as if they were doing it themselves). |
| Visual Motor Imagery | Experimental | Behavioral: Visual Motor Imagery ExercisesThey will be asked to imagine the exercises visually from a third person perspective (as if they were watching from the mirror / from the mirror while doing it themselves). |
| Real Physical Movements | Active comparator | Behavioral: Physical ExerciseThey will be asked to actually do the exercises shown in the video. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Participants age between 18-65
- Symmetrical chewing function, fluent mouth and tongue movements
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Participants with systemic, cardiorespiratuar, central nerve system and romatologic diseases or musculoskeletal pain or craniocervical pathology
- A history of orofacial pain or temporomandibular diseases.
- Over-reacting for touching or tooth-pain
- Pregnancy or possibility of pregnancy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Physical ExerciseThe videos will be prepared by the researchers and will be watched by the physical exercise group, which includes exercises such as "shifting the jaw to the side, pushing the tongue forward, jaw opening, sliding the jaw with the tongue, opening the chin with the tongue, opening the chin by pressing the tongue against the palate and shifting the chin with the person's own resistance". Then they will be asked to do the exercises physically. Each exercise will be applied as 2 sets x 10 repetitions. There will be a 30-second break between sets. | Behavioural | Real Physical Movements |
| Kinesthetic Motor Imagery ExercisesSeven exercises designated as "jaw shifting, tongue pushing forward, jaw opening, jaw shifting with tongue, jaw opening with tongue, jaw shifting by pressing the tongue on the palate, and chin shifting with one's own resistance", the videos prepared by the researchers and containing these exercises Once viewed, it will be applied as "kinesthetic imagery". Each exercise will be applied as 2 sets x 10 repetitions. There will be a 30-second break between sets. | Behavioural | Kinesthetic Motor Imagery |
| Visual Motor Imagery ExercisesSeven exercises designated as "jaw shifting, tongue pushing forward, jaw opening, jaw shifting with tongue, jaw opening with tongue, jaw shifting by pressing the tongue on the palate, and chin shifting with one's own resistance", the videos prepared by the researchers and containing these exercises Once viewed, it will be applied as "visual imagery". Each exercise will be applied as 2 sets x 10 repetitions. There will be a 30-second break between sets. | Behavioural | Visual Motor Imagery |
Primary outcome
Change in Tongue Strength
Time frame: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.
Tongue strength will be measured by the tongue pressure measuring device. The measurement will be in the form of placing a bulb filled with air and designed to transmit pressure, just behind the anterior teeth, on the hard palate, and the tongue compresses this bulb and transmits the pressure to the device. People will be asked to lift their tongue and press the bulbous for about three seconds. 3 measurements will be made in front and back of the tongue separately. In the anterior tongue evaluation, the bulb is placed in the palate just behind the teeth, and in the posterior tongue evaluation, the bulb is placed in the hard palate. It has been shown that it is valid and safe to measure the strength of the front and back regions of the tongue by this method.Measurements are recorded in kPa. The value of change in tongue strength expresses the effect of intervention on tongue strength. Higher kPa values mean strong tongue. Increasing in change implies that more force is being generated.
Change in Pain Threshold
Time frame: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.
Pain threshold will be measured with an algometer. The areas to be measured in this study were determined as masseter muscle (2.5 cm in front of the tragus, 1.5 cm below) and temporalis (3 cm above the lateral edge of the eye). Measurements from each region will be made 3 times at 30 second intervals and the average of the measurements will be included for analysis. During the measurement, the algometer will be held perpendicular to the skin. Measurement is terminated at the first value at which discomfort is felt. Measurements from each region will be made 3 times at 30 second intervals and the average of the measurements will be included for analysis. The change in pain threshold will be used as a measurement tool to determine how the intervention is affecting the pain threshold. Higher values in the pain threshold indicate that the person is more susceptible to pain.
5 secondary outcomes
Change in Perceived Exertion
Time frame: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.
Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised
Time frame: At baseline
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Jaw Movement Task
Time frame: At baseline
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Tongue Movement Task
Time frame: At baseline
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Writing Task
Time frame: At baseline
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Mar 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Physical Exercise, Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Exercises and Visual Motor Imagery Exercises in people with Motor Imagery Training and Physical Exercise, run by Dokuz Eylul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Turhan Kahraman, PhD (+902323293535 ext. 4825, turhan.kahraman@yahoo.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Tongue Strength (time frame: The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Mar 2021.