Hemiplegia, SpasticNCT04826900
Wearable Robotic System and Robotic Mirror Therapy in Spastic Hemiplegia Post Botulinum Toxin Injection
A study testing BoNT-A injections, Robotic therapy (RT) and Robotic mirror therapy (RMT) in people with Hemiplegia, Spastic and Spastic, run by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The purpose of this project is to examine and compare the immediate and long-term effects of combined Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A) injection with wearable robotic hand system (RT) and Robotic mirror therapy (RMT) in patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Hemiplegia, Spastic, Spastic
- What is being tested?
- BoNT-A injections, Robotic therapy (RT) and Robotic mirror therapy (RMT)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 31 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2019to 23 Jan 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Clinical and imagine diagnosis of a first or recurrent unilateral stroke ≥ 3 months
- Finger flexor muscles spasticity (modified Ashworth scale of ≥ 1+)
- Initial motor part of UE of FMA score ranging from 10 to 56 indicating moderate to severe movement impairment
- No serious cognitive impairment (i.e., Mini Mental State Exam score > 20)
- Age ≥ 20 years
Who cannot join
- Pregnant
- With bilateral hemispheric or cerebellar lesions
- Sever aphasia
- Significant visual field deficits or hemineglect
- Contraindication for BoNT-A injection
- Treatment with BoNT-A within 6 months before recruitment
- Any fixed joint contracture of the affected upper limb
- A history of orthopedic or other neurological diseases and/or medical conditions that would prevent adherence to the rehabilitation protocol
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Taiwan1 site
Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Kaohsiung City, 833
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Control Trial to Compare the Effects Between Wearable Robotic System and Robotic Mirror Therapy in Patients With Spastic Hemiplegia Post Botulinum Toxin Injection: Neurophysiological and Behavior Outcomes
The purpose of this project is to examine and compare the immediate and long-term effects of combined Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A) injection with wearable robotic hand system (RT) and Robotic mirror therapy (RMT) in patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke.
Read the detailed description
Spasticity, a common impairment after stroke, has a profound impact on activity and participation for patients. BoNT-A injection combined with rehabilitation training is recommended to enhance functional recovery of patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke.
Patients with spasticity usually have lower motor function and worse sensory deficits than patients without spasticity. Designing the post BoNT-A injection rehabilitation program should consider the above issues. RT and MT are two interventions providing sensorimotor input for patient with low motor function. Combining both approaches (wearing robotic hand to do mirror therapy) might facilitate the sensorimotor cortex that controls movement and might augment somatosensory input and further treatment efficacy. It is unknown whether and how combining BoNT injection with bilateral RT vs with MT vs with RMT engenders differential effects on motor and related functional performance in patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke.
Forty-eight participants with chronic spastic hemiplegic stroke will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: RT, and RMT. All the post- injection interventions will be implemented 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week, for 8 weeks. At each training session all patients will receive 45-minute RT, or RMT, then 15-minute functional task training.
The outcome measures include 1) body function and structures: Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Modified Ashworth Scale, Medical Research Council scale, 2) activity and participation: Box and block test, Motor Activity Log, and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale, Action Research Arm Test. In addition, to directly reflect a patient's unique needs and goals, Goal Attainment Scaling will be assessed. Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) assessments will be done to assess the neurophysiologic effects of the 3 kinds of intervention. The outcome will be measured at pre-treatment,1-week after BoNT-A injection, post-treatment, and 3-month follow- up.
- Conditions
- Hemiplegia, Spastic, Spastic
- Being tested
- BoNT-A injections, Robotic therapy (RT), Robotic mirror therapy (RMT), Functional task training
- Keywords
- Stroke rehabilitation, Spasticity, Botulinum toxin type A injection, Mirror therapy, Robot
- Medical subject headings
- Hemiplegia, Muscle Spasticity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
BoNT-A injectionsProcedure or surgery
Botox brand BoNT-A Purified Neurotoxin Complex, (Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA) will be prepared by diluting lyophilized toxin with 0.9% saline to a concentration of 33-100 U/ml. depending on the size of the target muscle. Location of the targeted muscle will be confirmed by using echo guide. The total dose range is 200 units to 500 units. The dose range of each target muscle is as below: 20 and 75 units for flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radials; 12.5-35 units per fascicle in the flexor digitorum sublimis and flexor digitorum profundus (maximum dose: 120 units for each of these muscles); 10-35 units in the flexor pollicis longus; 25-100 units in the brachioradial ; 50-200 units in the biceps brachii; and 25-75 units in the pronator teres
Robotic therapy (RT)Other
A wearable robotic hand system will be used in this study. The robotic hand system consisted with a wearable exoskeletal hand, sensor glove, and a control box. On the exoskeletal hand, there are five actuators on each of finger structure that can provide external power to bring individual finger moving. The sensor glove has five sensors that can detect the finger's posture during movement and then manipulates exoskeletal hand via the control box. The patient's unaffected hand wears the sensor glove, the affected hand wears the wearable exoskeleton hand, and the unaffected hand does the certain transitive and intransitive tasks as the mirror group, and then makes the affected hand do the same movements driven by the exoskeleton robotic hand.
Robotic mirror therapy (RMT)Other
Wearable robotic hand system and mirror system will be used in this group.. The patients in the group will wear the robotic hand to do the mirror therapy. The patient's unaffected hand wears the sensor glove, the affected hand wears the wearable exoskeletal hand, a mirror box with a mirror will be placed in the patient 's midsagittal plane beside the unaffected hand to block his or her view of the affected hand. The patient's unaffected hand does the certain transitive and intransitive tasks and the patient will be instructed to look at the reflection of the unaffected hand in the mirror as if it is the affected hand (the visual input). At the same time the affected hand will be passively moved by the exoskeleton robotic hand which is under the .control of the unaffected hand.
Functional task trainingOther
After either 45 minutes of RT or RMT, all participants receive 15 minutes of training in functional tasks. The functional tasks included taking up and holding bowl or using eating utensils , bringing a cup for drinking, drying sucks by clips, open ing or closing door , turning on or off the light, cleaning the table or window and so on . The functional tasks training will be bases on the needs and ability of patients.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Robotic Group | Experimental | Training session included 45 minutes Robotic Therapy, followed by 15-minute functional training. The robotic group will receive 3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks. Receives: Procedure: BoNT-A injections; Other: Robotic therapy (RT); Other: Functional task training |
| Robotic Mirror Group | Experimental | Training session included 45 minutes Robotic Mirror Therapy, followed by 15-minute functional training. The robotic group will receive 3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks. Receives: Procedure: BoNT-A injections; Other: Robotic mirror therapy (RMT); Other: Functional task training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE): The FMA-UE was used to assess the patient's reflexes, movements, and coordination of upper limbs. It consists of 33 items scored on a 3-point ordinal scale (0, cannot perform; 1, performs partially; 2, performs fully). (Fugl-Meyer, Jääskö, Leyman, Olsson, \& Steglind, 1975) . The total score ranges from 0 to 66, and a higher score indicates better motor function. Satisfactory psychometric properties of the FMA have been demonstrated. (Thomas Platz et al., 2005).
Measured: Change from baseline at 5 months
Medical Research Council Scale (MRC)
The MRC scale will be used to examine the muscle strength of the affected arm (Medical Research Council, 1976). The MRC scale is a reliable measurement which ranges from 0 (no contraction) to 5 (normal power). The muscle strength will be measured at the shoulder flexor/abductor, elbow flexors/extensors, wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors by using the MRC in this project. Total scale combines all range and computes average scores. Flexor scale combines elbow flexors, wrist flexors, fingers flexors and computes average scores. Proximal scale combines shoulder flexor/abductor, elbow flexors/extensors, and computes average scores. Distal scale combines wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors. The higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Change from baseline at 5 months
Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Spasticity of skeletal muscle in upper extremity was evaluated by using the MAS scale. It uses a 8-point scale(0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4) to score the average resistance to passive movement for each join with higher score indicating higher spasticity. The MAS has shown good reliability and validity. We assessed the MAS of shoulder flexor/extensor/abductor/adductor, elbow flexors/extensors, forearm pronator/supinator, wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors in this project. Total scale combines all range and computes average scores. Flexor scale combines elbow extensor, wrist extensor, fingers extensor and computes average scores. Proximal scale combines shoulder flexor/extensor/abductor/adductor, elbow flexors/extensors and computes average scores. Distal scale combines forearm pronator/supinator, wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors. The maximum of MAS scale is 4, and the minimum is 0. The higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Measured: Change from baseline at 5 months
Box and Block Test (BBT)
The BBT, which evaluates manual dexterity of the paretic UE, uses a wooden box that has two equally sized compartments. Cubes were placed in one compartment, and the participants were instructed to move the cubes to the other compartment one by one and as quickly as possible within 60 seconds. The score was determined by calculating the number of cubes carried across the partition. The BBT has high test-retest reliability in participants with stroke(Thomas Platz et al., 2005).
Measured: Change from baseline at 5 months
Motor Activity Log (MAL) - Amount of Use Scale (AOU)
The MAL is a semi-structured interview to rate how much [amount of use scale (AOU)] they use their affected upper extremity in 30 daily activities using a 6-point scale. Higher scores represent better performance. The MAL has established reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with stroke. The MAL will be used to measure daily use of the affected upper limb in daily life in this project.The total score ranges from 0 to 30.
Measured: Change from baseline at 5 months
Motor Activity Log (MAL) - Quality of Movement Scale (QOM)
The MAL is a semi-structured interview to rate how well [quality of movement scale (QOM)] they use their affected upper extremity in 30 daily activities using a 6-point scale. Higher scores represent better performance. The MAL has established reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with stroke. The MAL will be used to measure daily use of the affected upper limb in daily life in this project.The total score ranges from 0 to 30.
Measured: Change from baseline at 5 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Apr 2021
- Study start1 Aug 2019
- Primary completion23 Jan 2022
- Study completion23 Jan 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (66)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hemiplegia, SpasticStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Chang Gung Memorial HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Hung Jen-Wen, Principal investigator, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04826900
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NRMPG8J0211
- Status last verified
- Mar 2021
- First submitted
- 28 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 15 Sep 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ada L, O'Dwyer N, O'Neill E. Relation between spasticity, weakness and contracture of the elbow flexors and upper limb activity after stroke: an observational study. Disabil Rehabil. 2006 Jul 15-30;28(13-14):891-7. doi: 10.1080/09638280500535165.
PubMed 16777777Amano S, Takebayashi T, Hanada K, Umeji A, Marumoto K, Furukawa K, Domen K. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy After Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A for a Patient With Chronic Stroke: One-Year Follow-up Case Report. Phys Ther. 2015 Jul;95(7):1039-45. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140329. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
PubMed 25592185Bhakta BB, Cozens JA, Chamberlain MA, Bamford JM. Impact of botulinum toxin type A on disability and carer burden due to arm spasticity after stroke: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;69(2):217-21. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.69.2.217.
PubMed 10896696Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987 Feb;67(2):206-7. doi: 10.1093/ptj/67.2.206.
PubMed 3809245Brewer BR, McDowell SK, Worthen-Chaudhari LC. Poststroke upper extremity rehabilitation: a review of robotic systems and clinical results. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):22-44. doi: 10.1310/tsr1406-22.
PubMed 18174114Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
PubMed 2748771Carswell A, McColl MA, Baptiste S, Law M, Polatajko H, Pollock N. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: a research and clinical literature review. Can J Occup Ther. 2004 Oct;71(4):210-22. doi: 10.1177/000841740407100406.
PubMed 15586853Chuang LL, Wu CY, Lin KC. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of myotonometric measurement of muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness in patients with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Mar;93(3):532-40. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.09.014. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
PubMed 22222143de Paiva A, Meunier FA, Molgo J, Aoki KR, Dolly JO. Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):3200-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.6.3200.
PubMed 10077661Dedding C, Cardol M, Eyssen IC, Dekker J, Beelen A. Validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: a client-centred outcome measurement. Clin Rehabil. 2004 Sep;18(6):660-7. doi: 10.1191/0269215504cr746oa.
PubMed 15473118Demetrios M, Khan F, Turner-Stokes L, Brand C, McSweeney S. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation following botulinum toxin and other focal intramuscular treatment for post-stroke spasticity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 5;2013(6):CD009689. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009689.pub2.
PubMed 23740539Elia AE, Filippini G, Calandrella D, Albanese A. Botulinum neurotoxins for post-stroke spasticity in adults: a systematic review. Mov Disord. 2009 Apr 30;24(6):801-12. doi: 10.1002/mds.22452.
PubMed 19224614Esquenazi A, Novak I, Sheean G, Singer BJ, Ward AB. International consensus statement for the use of botulinum toxin treatment in adults and children with neurological impairments--introduction. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17 Suppl 2:1-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03125.x.
PubMed 20633176Flansbjer UB, Holmback AM, Downham D, Patten C, Lexell J. Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2005 Mar;37(2):75-82. doi: 10.1080/16501970410017215.
PubMed 15788341Foley N, Pereira S, Salter K, Fernandez MM, Speechley M, Sequeira K, Miller T, Teasell R. Treatment with botulinum toxin improves upper-extremity function post stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 May;94(5):977-89. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
PubMed 23262381
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Sep 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Control Trial to Compare the Effects Between Wearable Robotic System and Robotic Mirror Therapy in Patients With Spastic Hemiplegia Post Botulinum Toxin Injection: Neurophysiological and Behavior Outcomes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04826900
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NRMPG8J0211
- Conditions
- Hemiplegia, Spastic, Spastic
- Keywords
- Stroke rehabilitation, Spasticity, Botulinum toxin type A injection, Mirror therapy, Robot
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Chang Gung Memorial HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Jan 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Apr 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 2 Jun 2023
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this project is to examine and compare the immediate and long-term effects of combined Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A) injection with wearable robotic hand system (RT) and Robotic mirror therapy (RMT) in patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke.
Detailed description
Spasticity, a common impairment after stroke, has a profound impact on activity and participation for patients. BoNT-A injection combined with rehabilitation training is recommended to enhance functional recovery of patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke.
Patients with spasticity usually have lower motor function and worse sensory deficits than patients without spasticity. Designing the post BoNT-A injection rehabilitation program should consider the above issues. RT and MT are two interventions providing sensorimotor input for patient with low motor function. Combining both approaches (wearing robotic hand to do mirror therapy) might facilitate the sensorimotor cortex that controls movement and might augment somatosensory input and further treatment efficacy. It is unknown whether and how combining BoNT injection with bilateral RT vs with MT vs with RMT engenders differential effects on motor and related functional performance in patients with spastic hemiplegic stroke.
Forty-eight participants with chronic spastic hemiplegic stroke will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: RT, and RMT. All the post- injection interventions will be implemented 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week, for 8 weeks. At each training session all patients will receive 45-minute RT, or RMT, then 15-minute functional task training.
The outcome measures include 1) body function and structures: Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Modified Ashworth Scale, Medical Research Council scale, 2) activity and participation: Box and block test, Motor Activity Log, and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale, Action Research Arm Test. In addition, to directly reflect a patient's unique needs and goals, Goal Attainment Scaling will be assessed. Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) assessments will be done to assess the neurophysiologic effects of the 3 kinds of intervention. The outcome will be measured at pre-treatment,1-week after BoNT-A injection, post-treatment, and 3-month follow- up.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Robotic Group | Experimental | Procedure: BoNT-A injections, Other: Robotic therapy (RT), Other: Functional task trainingTraining session included 45 minutes Robotic Therapy, followed by 15-minute functional training. The robotic group will receive 3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks. |
| Robotic Mirror Group | Experimental | Procedure: BoNT-A injections, Other: Robotic mirror therapy (RMT), Other: Functional task trainingTraining session included 45 minutes Robotic Mirror Therapy, followed by 15-minute functional training. The robotic group will receive 3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Clinical and imagine diagnosis of a first or recurrent unilateral stroke ≥ 3 months
- Finger flexor muscles spasticity (modified Ashworth scale of ≥ 1+)
- Initial motor part of UE of FMA score ranging from 10 to 56 indicating moderate to severe movement impairment
- No serious cognitive impairment (i.e., Mini Mental State Exam score > 20)
- Age ≥ 20 years
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Pregnant
- With bilateral hemispheric or cerebellar lesions
- Sever aphasia
- Significant visual field deficits or hemineglect
- Contraindication for BoNT-A injection
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| BoNT-A injectionsBotox brand BoNT-A Purified Neurotoxin Complex, (Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA) will be prepared by diluting lyophilized toxin with 0.9% saline to a concentration of 33-100 U/ml. depending on the size of the target muscle. Location of the targeted muscle will be confirmed by using echo guide. The total dose range is 200 units to 500 units. The dose range of each target muscle is as below: 20 and 75 units for flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radials; 12.5-35 units per fascicle in the flexor digitorum sublimis and flexor digitorum profundus (maximum dose: 120 units for each of these muscles); 10-35 units in the flexor pollicis longus; 25-100 units in the brachioradial ; 50-200 units in the biceps brachii; and 25-75 units in the pronator teres | Procedure or surgery | Robotic Group, Robotic Mirror Group |
| Robotic therapy (RT)A wearable robotic hand system will be used in this study. The robotic hand system consisted with a wearable exoskeletal hand, sensor glove, and a control box. On the exoskeletal hand, there are five actuators on each of finger structure that can provide external power to bring individual finger moving. The sensor glove has five sensors that can detect the finger's posture during movement and then manipulates exoskeletal hand via the control box. The patient's unaffected hand wears the sensor glove, the affected hand wears the wearable exoskeleton hand, and the unaffected hand does the certain transitive and intransitive tasks as the mirror group, and then makes the affected hand do the same movements driven by the exoskeleton robotic hand. | Other | Robotic Group |
| Robotic mirror therapy (RMT)Wearable robotic hand system and mirror system will be used in this group.. The patients in the group will wear the robotic hand to do the mirror therapy. The patient's unaffected hand wears the sensor glove, the affected hand wears the wearable exoskeletal hand, a mirror box with a mirror will be placed in the patient 's midsagittal plane beside the unaffected hand to block his or her view of the affected hand. The patient's unaffected hand does the certain transitive and intransitive tasks and the patient will be instructed to look at the reflection of the unaffected hand in the mirror as if it is the affected hand (the visual input). At the same time the affected hand will be passively moved by the exoskeleton robotic hand which is under the .control of the unaffected hand. | Other | Robotic Mirror Group |
| Functional task trainingAfter either 45 minutes of RT or RMT, all participants receive 15 minutes of training in functional tasks. The functional tasks included taking up and holding bowl or using eating utensils , bringing a cup for drinking, drying sucks by clips, open ing or closing door , turning on or off the light, cleaning the table or window and so on . The functional tasks training will be bases on the needs and ability of patients. | Other | Robotic Group, Robotic Mirror Group |
Primary outcome
Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE): The FMA-UE was used to assess the patient's reflexes, movements, and coordination of upper limbs. It consists of 33 items scored on a 3-point ordinal scale (0, cannot perform; 1, performs partially; 2, performs fully). (Fugl-Meyer, Jääskö, Leyman, Olsson, \& Steglind, 1975) . The total score ranges from 0 to 66, and a higher score indicates better motor function. Satisfactory psychometric properties of the FMA have been demonstrated. (Thomas Platz et al., 2005).
Medical Research Council Scale (MRC)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months
The MRC scale will be used to examine the muscle strength of the affected arm (Medical Research Council, 1976). The MRC scale is a reliable measurement which ranges from 0 (no contraction) to 5 (normal power). The muscle strength will be measured at the shoulder flexor/abductor, elbow flexors/extensors, wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors by using the MRC in this project. Total scale combines all range and computes average scores. Flexor scale combines elbow flexors, wrist flexors, fingers flexors and computes average scores. Proximal scale combines shoulder flexor/abductor, elbow flexors/extensors, and computes average scores. Distal scale combines wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors. The higher scores mean a better outcome.
Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months
Spasticity of skeletal muscle in upper extremity was evaluated by using the MAS scale. It uses a 8-point scale(0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4) to score the average resistance to passive movement for each join with higher score indicating higher spasticity. The MAS has shown good reliability and validity. We assessed the MAS of shoulder flexor/extensor/abductor/adductor, elbow flexors/extensors, forearm pronator/supinator, wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors in this project. Total scale combines all range and computes average scores. Flexor scale combines elbow extensor, wrist extensor, fingers extensor and computes average scores. Proximal scale combines shoulder flexor/extensor/abductor/adductor, elbow flexors/extensors and computes average scores. Distal scale combines forearm pronator/supinator, wrist flexors/extensors, and finger flexors/extensors. The maximum of MAS scale is 4, and the minimum is 0. The higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Box and Block Test (BBT)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months
The BBT, which evaluates manual dexterity of the paretic UE, uses a wooden box that has two equally sized compartments. Cubes were placed in one compartment, and the participants were instructed to move the cubes to the other compartment one by one and as quickly as possible within 60 seconds. The score was determined by calculating the number of cubes carried across the partition. The BBT has high test-retest reliability in participants with stroke(Thomas Platz et al., 2005).
Motor Activity Log (MAL) - Amount of Use Scale (AOU)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months
The MAL is a semi-structured interview to rate how much [amount of use scale (AOU)] they use their affected upper extremity in 30 daily activities using a 6-point scale. Higher scores represent better performance. The MAL has established reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with stroke. The MAL will be used to measure daily use of the affected upper limb in daily life in this project.The total score ranges from 0 to 30.
Motor Activity Log (MAL) - Quality of Movement Scale (QOM)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months
The MAL is a semi-structured interview to rate how well [quality of movement scale (QOM)] they use their affected upper extremity in 30 daily activities using a 6-point scale. Higher scores represent better performance. The MAL has established reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with stroke. The MAL will be used to measure daily use of the affected upper limb in daily life in this project.The total score ranges from 0 to 30.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Sep 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 16777777Ada L, O'Dwyer N, O'Neill E. Relation between spasticity, weakness and contracture of the elbow flexors and upper limb activity after stroke: an observational study. Disabil Rehabil. 2006 Jul 15-30;28(13-14):891-7. doi: 10.1080/09638280500535165.
- Background: PubMed 25592185Amano S, Takebayashi T, Hanada K, Umeji A, Marumoto K, Furukawa K, Domen K. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy After Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A for a Patient With Chronic Stroke: One-Year Follow-up Case Report. Phys Ther. 2015 Jul;95(7):1039-45. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140329. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
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- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hung Jen-Wen principal investigator
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing BoNT-A injections, Robotic therapy (RT) and Robotic mirror therapy (RMT) in people with Hemiplegia, Spastic and Spastic, run by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Sep 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 2 Jun 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) (time frame: Change from baseline at 5 months). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04826900, which also lists 66 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Sep 2023.