Portal HypertensionNCT04828369
Efficacy and Safety of EUS-Guided Therapy Versus BRTO for Gastric Varices With Shunt
An observational study of Portal Hypertension and Liver Cirrhosis, run by Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
This study is a retrospective, multi-center and observational clinical study. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, The fifth medical center of PLA General Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated Nanjing… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Portal Hypertension, Liver Cirrhosis, Gastric Varix
- What is being tested?
- EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 104 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2020to 31 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The subjects in this study are patients with gastric varices resulted from portal hypertension. And the presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunt has been confirmed by CTA or EUS.
Who may be able to join
- age≥18 years
- endoscopic examination confirmed the presence of gastric varices
- CTA of the portal system and EUS revealed the presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) that the diameter was between 5 mm to 15 mm
- treatment with EUS-guided coil combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection or BRTO
Who cannot join
- malignant tumors
- hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or multiple organ failure
- previously received esophagus or stomach surgery
- pregnant
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Efficacy and Safety of EUS-Guided Coil Embolization Combined With Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate Injection Versus Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Varices With High-risk Ectopic Embolism
This study is a retrospective, multi-center and observational clinical study. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, The fifth medical center of PLA General Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated Nanjing University Medical School and Xiangyang Central Hospital will participate in the study. Investigators would like to provide evidence-based medical evidence by evaluating and comparing the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in the treatment of gastric varices (GV) with spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS).
Between January 2014 and December 2020, patients with GV secondary to portal hypertension admitted to a tertiary medical center, are enrolled consecutively according to the following criteria: (1) age≥18 years; (2)endoscopic examination confirms the presence of GV; (3) CTA of the portal system and EUS revealed the presence of SPSS, the diameter was between 5 mm to 15 mm; (4) treatment with EUS-guided coil combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection or BRTO. Exclusion criteria are as follows: (1)malignant tumors; (2) hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or multiple organ failure; (3) previously received esophagus or stomach surgery; (4) pregnant.
Read more
Investigators will collect patients' data of baseline character, treatment, postoperative and follow-up. All patients will be followed up until the progress of the disease or the end of the study. And rebleeding, ectopic embolism, survival, and sequential treatment will be recorded during the follow-up period.
The primary endpoint are five-day rebleeding rate and six-week mortality rate. The secondary endpoint are: technical success rate, incidence of ectopic embolism, eradication of GV, one-year rebleeding rate, one-year mortality rate, and cost-effectiveness ratio. All data and information use SPSS statistical software to complete all statistical analysis.
Read the detailed description
Because the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and BRTO in the treatment of GV with SPSS have different conclusions in different studies. Investigators based on that the five-day rebleeding rate of EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection is 7%, BRTO is 10%. The number of people in the two groups are equal, significant level (α) is 0.05, and the test power is 0.8. Each group requires 35 patients. Because of the 10% loss to follow-up, the sample capacity is 39.
- Being tested
- EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration
- Medical subject headings
- Hypertension, Portal, Liver Cirrhosis, Esophageal and Gastric Varices
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injectionProcedure or surgery
(1) Standard diagnostic endoscopy was first performed. Fundal varices were assessed using the classification of Sarin's. (2) intraluminal water filling of the gastric fundus to use EUS to assess the anatomy of gastric varices, observe the blood flow, scan the portal venous system, left renal vein, confirm the location of the shunt, and measure the diameter of the shunt. (3) Punctured the gastric fundal variceal vein at the lower esophagus near the cardia and placed the coil into the shunt and immediately injected with sclerosant and cyanoacrylate under the guidance of EUS. (4) Sclerosant and cyanoacrylate were injected into the gastric fundal varices by a sandwich method (cyanoacrylate, sclerosant and cyanoacrylate) via endoscope. (5) After the injection, use color Doppler ultrasound to observe the blood flow in the variceal veins to evaluate the embolization effect.
balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliterationProcedure or surgery
(1)A balloon occlusive catheter was inserted into the shunt via the right femoral vein. (2)Investigators performed angiography to evaluate the size and location of GV and the shunt during balloon occlusion. Shunt was occluded by Fogarty balloon. The diameter of the balloon was chosen according to the diameter of shunt. (3)Then investigators injected sclerosant into the portosystemic shunt. (4)Finally, the balloon left in place for 24 hours was gradually deflated when complete occlusion of blood flow of the target shunt was achieved.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| EUS group | Patients who received EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection Receives: Procedure: EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection | |
| BRTO group | Patients who received balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) Receives: Procedure: balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
five-day rebleeding rate
Rebleeding is defined as recurrent melena or hematemesis and is evaluated via endoscopy when possible.
Measured: 5 days after treatment
six-week mortality rate
Patients died in six weeks after treatment due to all causes.
Measured: 6 weeks after treatment
Secondary outcomes (5)
technical success rate
The coil or balloon was successfully employed and occluded the shunt
Measured: in the procedure of treatment
incidence of ectopic embolism
Patients occurred ectopic embolism after treatment confirmed by CTA, ultrasound, etc, with or without clinical manifestation
Measured: up to 3 years after treatment
eradication of gastric varices
Eradication of the gastric varices is defined as absence of gastric varices on endoscopy or absence of blood flow of gastric varices on endoscopic ultrasound
Measured: 1 year after treatment
one-year rebleeding rate
Rebleeding is defined as recurrent melena or hematemesis and is evaluated via endoscopy when possible
Measured: 1 year after treatment
one-year mortality rate
Patients died in one year after treatment due to all causes.
Measured: 1 year after treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Apr 2021
- Study start1 Oct 2020
- Primary completion31 Dec 2021
- Study completion31 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Portal HypertensionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 104 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, ChenMingkai, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Investigators
- Mingkai Chen, PHD, Study director, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04828369
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2021F024
- Status last verified
- Aug 2022
- First submitted
- 25 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 2 Sep 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Boregowda U, Umapathy C, Halim N, Desai M, Nanjappa A, Arekapudi S, Theethira T, Wong H, Roytman M, Saligram S. Update on the management of gastrointestinal varices. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Jan 21;10(1):1-21. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v10.i1.1.
PubMed 30697445Wu Q, Shen L, Chu J, Ma X, Jin B, Meng F, Chen J, Wang Y, Wu L, Han J, Zhang W, Ma W, Wang H, Li H. Characterization of uncommon portosystemic collateral circulations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Oncol Lett. 2015 Jan;9(1):347-350. doi: 10.3892/ol.2014.2626. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
PubMed 25435990Qi X, Qi X, Zhang Y, Shao X, Wu C, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhang X, Deng H, Hou F, Li J, Guo X. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Splenorenal Shunt in Liver Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Observational Study Based on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans. Med Sci Monit. 2017 May 25;23:2527-2534. doi: 10.12659/msm.901656.
PubMed 28542116Zardi EM, Uwechie V, Caccavo D, Pellegrino NM, Cacciapaglia F, Di Matteo F, Dobrina A, Laghi V, Afeltra A. Portosystemic shunts in a large cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis: detection rate and clinical relevance. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(1):76-83. doi: 10.1007/s00535-008-2279-1. Epub 2009 Jan 22.
PubMed 19159076von Herbay A, Frieling T, Haussinger D. Color Doppler sonographic evaluation of spontaneous portosystemic shunts and inversion of portal venous flow in patients with cirrhosis. J Clin Ultrasound. 2000 Sep;28(7):332-9. doi: 10.1002/1097-0096(200009)28:73.0.co;2-9.
PubMed 10934332Park JK, Saab S, Kee ST, Busuttil RW, Kim HJ, Durazo F, Cho SK, Lee EW. Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) for Treatment of Gastric Varices: Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Jun;60(6):1543-53. doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3485-8. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
PubMed 25519690Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2017 Jan;65(1):310-335. doi: 10.1002/hep.28906. Epub 2016 Dec 1. No abstract available.
PubMed 27786365Mohan BP, Chandan S, Khan SR, Kassab LL, Trakroo S, Ponnada S, Asokkumar R, Adler DG. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapy versus direct endoscopic glue injection therapy for gastric varices: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2020 Apr;52(4):259-267. doi: 10.1055/a-1098-1817. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
PubMed 32028533
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Sep 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy and Safety of EUS-Guided Coil Embolization Combined With Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate Injection Versus Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Varices With High-risk Ectopic Embolism
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04828369
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2021F024
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 104 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Apr 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is a retrospective, multi-center and observational clinical study. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, The fifth medical center of PLA General Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated Nanjing University Medical School and Xiangyang Central Hospital will participate in the study. Investigators would like to provide evidence-based medical evidence by evaluating and comparing the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in the treatment of gastric varices (GV) with spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS).
Between January 2014 and December 2020, patients with GV secondary to portal hypertension admitted to a tertiary medical center, are enrolled consecutively according to the following criteria: (1) age≥18 years; (2)endoscopic examination confirms the presence of GV; (3) CTA of the portal system and EUS revealed the presence of SPSS, the diameter was between 5 mm to 15 mm; (4) treatment with EUS-guided coil combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection or BRTO. Exclusion criteria are as follows: (1)malignant tumors; (2) hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or multiple organ failure; (3) previously received esophagus or stomach surgery; (4) pregnant.
Investigators will collect patients' data of baseline character, treatment, postoperative and follow-up. All patients will be followed up until the progress of the disease or the end of the study. And rebleeding, ectopic embolism, survival, and sequential treatment will be recorded during the follow-up period.
The primary endpoint are five-day rebleeding rate and six-week mortality rate. The secondary endpoint are: technical success rate, incidence of ectopic embolism, eradication of GV, one-year rebleeding rate, one-year mortality rate, and cost-effectiveness ratio. All data and information use SPSS statistical software to complete all statistical analysis.
Detailed description
Because the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and BRTO in the treatment of GV with SPSS have different conclusions in different studies. Investigators based on that the five-day rebleeding rate of EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection is 7%, BRTO is 10%. The number of people in the two groups are equal, significant level (α) is 0.05, and the test power is 0.8. Each group requires 35 patients. Because of the 10% loss to follow-up, the sample capacity is 39.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| EUS group | – | Procedure: EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injectionPatients who received EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection |
| BRTO group | – | Procedure: balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliterationPatients who received balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The subjects in this study are patients with gastric varices resulted from portal hypertension. And the presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunt has been confirmed by CTA or EUS.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- age≥18 years
- endoscopic examination confirmed the presence of gastric varices
- CTA of the portal system and EUS revealed the presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) that the diameter was between 5 mm to 15 mm
- treatment with EUS-guided coil combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection or BRTO
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- malignant tumors
- hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or multiple organ failure
- previously received esophagus or stomach surgery
- pregnant
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| EUS-guided coil embolization combined with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection(1) Standard diagnostic endoscopy was first performed. Fundal varices were assessed using the classification of Sarin's. (2) intraluminal water filling of the gastric fundus to use EUS to assess the anatomy of gastric varices, observe the blood flow, scan the portal venous system, left renal vein, confirm the location of the shunt, and measure the diameter of the shunt. (3) Punctured the gastric fundal variceal vein at the lower esophagus near the cardia and placed the coil into the shunt and immediately injected with sclerosant and cyanoacrylate under the guidance of EUS. (4) Sclerosant and cyanoacrylate were injected into the gastric fundal varices by a sandwich method (cyanoacrylate, sclerosant and cyanoacrylate) via endoscope. (5) After the injection, use color Doppler ultrasound to observe the blood flow in the variceal veins to evaluate the embolization effect. | Procedure or surgery | EUS group |
| balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(1)A balloon occlusive catheter was inserted into the shunt via the right femoral vein. (2)Investigators performed angiography to evaluate the size and location of GV and the shunt during balloon occlusion. Shunt was occluded by Fogarty balloon. The diameter of the balloon was chosen according to the diameter of shunt. (3)Then investigators injected sclerosant into the portosystemic shunt. (4)Finally, the balloon left in place for 24 hours was gradually deflated when complete occlusion of blood flow of the target shunt was achieved. | Procedure or surgery | BRTO group |
Primary outcome
five-day rebleeding rate
Time frame: 5 days after treatment
Rebleeding is defined as recurrent melena or hematemesis and is evaluated via endoscopy when possible.
six-week mortality rate
Time frame: 6 weeks after treatment
Patients died in six weeks after treatment due to all causes.
5 secondary outcomes
technical success rate
Time frame: in the procedure of treatment
incidence of ectopic embolism
Time frame: up to 3 years after treatment
eradication of gastric varices
Time frame: 1 year after treatment
one-year rebleeding rate
Time frame: 1 year after treatment
one-year mortality rate
Time frame: 1 year after treatment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Sep 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 30697445Boregowda U, Umapathy C, Halim N, Desai M, Nanjappa A, Arekapudi S, Theethira T, Wong H, Roytman M, Saligram S. Update on the management of gastrointestinal varices. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Jan 21;10(1):1-21. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v10.i1.1.
- Results publication: PubMed 25435990Wu Q, Shen L, Chu J, Ma X, Jin B, Meng F, Chen J, Wang Y, Wu L, Han J, Zhang W, Ma W, Wang H, Li H. Characterization of uncommon portosystemic collateral circulations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Oncol Lett. 2015 Jan;9(1):347-350. doi: 10.3892/ol.2014.2626. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 28542116Qi X, Qi X, Zhang Y, Shao X, Wu C, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhang X, Deng H, Hou F, Li J, Guo X. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Splenorenal Shunt in Liver Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Observational Study Based on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans. Med Sci Monit. 2017 May 25;23:2527-2534. doi: 10.12659/msm.901656.
- Results publication: PubMed 19159076Zardi EM, Uwechie V, Caccavo D, Pellegrino NM, Cacciapaglia F, Di Matteo F, Dobrina A, Laghi V, Afeltra A. Portosystemic shunts in a large cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis: detection rate and clinical relevance. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(1):76-83. doi: 10.1007/s00535-008-2279-1. Epub 2009 Jan 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 10934332von Herbay A, Frieling T, Haussinger D. Color Doppler sonographic evaluation of spontaneous portosystemic shunts and inversion of portal venous flow in patients with cirrhosis. J Clin Ultrasound. 2000 Sep;28(7):332-9. doi: 10.1002/1097-0096(200009)28:73.0.co;2-9.
- Results publication: PubMed 25519690Park JK, Saab S, Kee ST, Busuttil RW, Kim HJ, Durazo F, Cho SK, Lee EW. Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) for Treatment of Gastric Varices: Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Jun;60(6):1543-53. doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3485-8. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 27786365Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2017 Jan;65(1):310-335. doi: 10.1002/hep.28906. Epub 2016 Dec 1. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 32028533Mohan BP, Chandan S, Khan SR, Kassab LL, Trakroo S, Ponnada S, Asokkumar R, Adler DG. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapy versus direct endoscopic glue injection therapy for gastric varices: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2020 Apr;52(4):259-267. doi: 10.1055/a-1098-1817. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mingkai Chen, PHD study director
Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Portal Hypertension and Liver Cirrhosis, run by Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Sep 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
five-day rebleeding rate (time frame: 5 days after treatment). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04828369, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Sep 2022.