Photoprotection Efficacy With Sunscreen Formulas Containing the Cyclic Merocyanine Long-UVA Absorber MCE Under UV Day Light Exposure

The sun emits numerous radiations, of which 10% are constituted by ultraviolet light. Only ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-320 nm) and ultraviolet A (UVA, 320-400 nm) reach the surface of the earth. Poor penetrating UVB reach only to the deepest layers of the epidermis and cause DNA damage. UVA rays pass through the epidermis and reach the dermis due to their greater penetration property. UVA mainly generate intracellular oxidative stress. We can distinguish short UVA (320-340 nm) and long UVA (340-400 nm).

Sun exposure causes short-term consequences such as sunburn and reflects a reaction erythema, inflammatory type, and stimulation of pigmentation. One of the long-term deleterious consequences is represented by the development of skin cancers, which are the most dramatic result of sun exposure and are associated with mutations resulting from DNA damage badly repaired. The other long-term consequence is illustrated by the clinical signs of photoaging, associated with a major disruption in the dermal structure, linked both the decrease in collagen content and an increase in its degradation by some enzymes in the family of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). At the cellular and molecular level, many genes have their basal expression modulated in response to UV exposure (transcription factors and genes involved in DNA repair, inflammation, apoptosis, cell adhesion). Chronic sun exposure is also associated with the development or aggravation of pigmentary disorders, zones of hypo- or hyperpigmentation, actinic lentigo, melasma.

To protect ourselves from harmful effects of sun exposure, solar formulas applied to the skin, constitute a "barrier" against UV radiation. Currently, the most efficient sunscreen formulas from the market can absorb very efficiently and most of UVB and UVA rays. However, a part of long UVA (370-400nm) is not absorbed by these formulas, while these wavelengths seem to be involved in the generation of adverse biological effects on the skin, which may participate in clinical consequences of sun exposure, such as photo-aging and carcinogenesis. Biologically these wavelengths have been found to induce alteration at the tissue level, in particular the dermal layer, but also at the cellular and molecular levels, with for example the generation of oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Internal in vitro studies on skin cells in culture or on reconstructed skin showed that long UVA were the generators of oxidative stress, damage to DNA, cytotoxicity and modulation of genes or proteins involved in inflammation, the response to oxidative stress or photo-aging.

New sunscreens that are able to absorb beyond 370 nm, are now available. We have shown in an in vitro cultured cells or reconstructed skin that adding this type of filter in a state of the art formulation, allowed to shift the absorption spectrum beyond 370 nm and more. Thus it is possible to significantly reduce the biological impact of UVA long. These in vitro results strongly suggest a gain of biological protection by shifting the spectrum absorption beyond 370 nm.

The purpose of this clinical proof of concept study is to demonstrate that the addition of the E212657, a new long UVA filter, in a reference formula improves protection against UV day light exposure in vivo in human. Safety studies have demonstrated that E212657 is a safe product (Non phototoxic, non irritant, non sensitizer, non photosensitizer and non Genotoxic). In vitro studies have shown versus reference a photo-protector effect on fibroblast, MMP1 and Cytokines after a 60J/cm² exposure. A first in vivo study (ACR-LUVA-1311) was performed in 20 subjects with a single UVA long exposure (50J/cm2). This study has shown that active E212657 associated with SPF 15 or SPF 30 provides a better protection than the reference SPF30 alone with significant and clinically pertinent results.

A second in vivo study (ACR/UVDL1/1319) was performed in 7 subjects in order to determine a suitable UVDL dose to have a residual pigmentation under SPF15 of SPF30 in healthy volunteers. Results showed that 7 days with SPF15 under 40J/cm2 and with SPF30 under 70J/cm2 were sufficient.

This new study will be performed with this determinate UVDL dose in order to demonstrate the performance of the E212657 associated with SPF15 or SPF30 in day light photo-protection.