Covid19NCT04867174

COVID-19 Vaccination Take-Up

A study testing Financial incentives, Convenient scheduling link and Race concordant in people with Covid19 and Vaccination, run by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for: Covid19, Vaccination
What is being tested?: Financial incentives, Convenient scheduling link and Race concordant
Type of treatment: Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 2,701 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: 24 May 2021to 24 May 2022
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 years and older
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

age 18 and over
member of Contra Costa Health Plan (CCHP)

Who cannot join

contraindications to vaccination, as determined by county health plan or other medical staff.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

Contra Costa Health Plan
Martinez, California, 94553

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: COVID-19 Vaccination Take-Up in a County-Run Medicaid Managed Care Population

In this work, the investigators are partnering with Contra Costa Health Services (CCHS), the department of health in Contra Costa County, CA, to measure COVID-19 vaccinations and other COVID-19 related preventive health behaviors in the county's Medicaid managed care population. This work will test ways to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The investigators hypothesize that small financial incentives and other low-cost behavioral nudges can be used to increase vaccine uptake and reduce disparities in uptake among diverse racial/ethnic minority populations.

Conditions: Covid19, Vaccination
Being tested: Financial incentives, Convenient scheduling link, Race concordant, Gender concordant
Keywords: COVID19, vaccination
Medical subject headings: COVID-19

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Financial incentivesBehavioural
Each of the study arms, including the no message/control arm, will be interacted with different financial incentives (N=5,000)
Convenient scheduling linkBehavioural
In addition, study arms will be randomly assigned a convenient link to the county public vaccine appointment scheduling system highlighted for participants (N=5,000).
Race concordantBehavioural
Randomized to a messenger who is race concordant with the participant
Gender concordantBehavioural
Randomized to a messenger who is gender concordant with the participant

Study groups in NCT04867174
Study group	Role	What they receive
Control Arm	Placebo comparator	No messaging about COVID-19 vaccination Receives: Behavioral: Financial incentives; Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link
Emotional message	Experimental	Participants view an emotional video from the state of California about getting back to normal. Receives: Behavioral: Financial incentives; Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link
Safety and effectiveness message	Experimental	Participants view a video with information about the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines Receives: Behavioral: Financial incentives; Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link; Behavioral: Race concordant; Behavioral: Gender concordant
Consequences message	Experimental	Participants view a video with information about the consequences of not getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Receives: Behavioral: Financial incentives; Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link; Behavioral: Race concordant; Behavioral: Gender concordant

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Rate of COVID-19 Vaccination at 1 Month
Percent of the population with at least one COVID-19 vaccination
Measured: 1 month

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

24 May 202124 May 2022

First posted30 Apr 2021
Study start24 May 2021
Primary completion15 Aug 2021
Study completion24 May 2022

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Other trials for Covid19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Health services research
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 2,701 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04867174
Sponsor's protocol ID: 27165
Other IDs: P30AG034532
Status last verified: Mar 2024
First submitted: 27 Apr 2021
Last updated: 28 Mar 2024
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No: Our partner will not allow data sharing. Code will be shared.

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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All Covid19 trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Mar 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: COVID-19 Vaccination Take-Up in a County-Run Medicaid Managed Care Population
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04867174
Acronym / sponsor ID: 27165
Conditions: Covid19, Vaccination
Keywords: COVID19, vaccination
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 2,701 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.University, hospital or other
Collaborators: Contra Costa Health Services, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, University of Southern California, National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Study start: 24 May 2021 (actual)
Primary completion: 15 Aug 2021 (actual)
Study completion: 24 May 2022 (actual)
First posted: 30 Apr 2021 (actual)
Results: Posted 28 Mar 2024

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Primary purpose: Health services research
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 4

Arm	Type	Receives
Control Arm	Placebo comparator	Behavioral: Financial incentives, Behavioral: Convenient scheduling linkNo messaging about COVID-19 vaccination
Emotional message	Experimental	Behavioral: Financial incentives, Behavioral: Convenient scheduling linkParticipants view an emotional video from the state of California about getting back to normal.
Safety and effectiveness message	Experimental	Behavioral: Financial incentives, Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link, Behavioral: Race concordant, Behavioral: Gender concordantParticipants view a video with information about the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines
Consequences message	Experimental	Behavioral: Financial incentives, Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link, Behavioral: Race concordant, Behavioral: Gender concordantParticipants view a video with information about the consequences of not getting vaccinated against COVID-19.

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 years and older
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)

age 18 and over
member of Contra Costa Health Plan (CCHP)

Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)

contraindications to vaccination, as determined by county health plan or other medical staff.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Financial incentivesEach of the study arms, including the no message/control arm, will be interacted with different financial incentives (N=5,000)	Behavioural	Consequences message, Control Arm, Emotional message, Safety and effectiveness message
Convenient scheduling linkIn addition, study arms will be randomly assigned a convenient link to the county public vaccine appointment scheduling system highlighted for participants (N=5,000).	Behavioural	Consequences message, Control Arm, Emotional message, Safety and effectiveness message
Race concordantRandomized to a messenger who is race concordant with the participant	Behavioural	Consequences message, Safety and effectiveness message
Gender concordantRandomized to a messenger who is gender concordant with the participant	Behavioural	Consequences message, Safety and effectiveness message

Primary outcome

Rate of COVID-19 Vaccination at 1 Month
Time frame: 1 month
Percent of the population with at least one COVID-19 vaccination

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 28 Mar 2024, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Control Arm	136	136
Emotional Message	137	137
Safety Message; Discordant Gender and Race	29	29
Consequences Message; Discordant Gender and Race	37	37
Safety Message; Gender Concordant, Race Discordant	32	32
Consequences Message; Gender Concordant, Race Discordant	31	31
Safety Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	43	43
Consequences Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	33	33
Safety Message; Gender and Race Concordant	39	39
Consequences Message; Gender and Race Concordant	35	35
Link	147	147
Link and Emotional Message	122	122
Link and Safety Message; Gender and Race Discordant	30	30
Link and Consequences Message; Gender and Race Discordant	31	31
Link; Safety Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	30	30
Link; Consequences Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	23	23
Link; Safety Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	35	35
Link; Consequences Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	34	34
Link; Safety Message; Gender and Race Concordant	34	34
Link and Consequences Message; Gender and Race Concordant	27	27
$10 Financial Incentive	113	113
$10 Financial Incentive; Emotional Message	103	103
$10 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender and Race Discordant	27	27
$10 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender and Race Discordant	22	22
$10 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	30	30
$10 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	24	24
$10 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	33	33
$10 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	28	28
$10 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender and Race Concordant	17	17
$10 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender and Race Concordant	32	32
$10 Financial Incentive; Link	117	117
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Emotion Message	100	100
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender and Race Discordant	20	20
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender and Race Discordant	19	19
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	28	28
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	15	15
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	22	22
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	22	22
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender and Race Concordant	24	24
$10 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender and Race Concordant	18	18
$50 Financial Incentive	112	112
$50 Financial Incentive; Emotional Message	120	120
$50 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender and Race Discordant	28	28
$50 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender and Race Discordant	18	18
$50 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	26	26
$50 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	33	33
$50 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	21	21
$50 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	20	20
$50 Financial Incentive; Safety Message; Gender and Race Concordant	21	21
$50 Financial Incentive; Consequences Message; Gender and Race Concordant	23	23
$50 Financial Incentive; Link	104	104
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Emotion Message	99	99
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender and Race Discordant	28	28
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender and Race Discordant	23	23
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	27	27
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender Concordant and Race Discordant	26	26
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	19	19
$50 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender Discordant and Race Concordant	30	30
50 Financial Incentive; Link; Safety Message, Gender and Race Concordant	20	20
50 Financial Incentive; Link; Consequences Message, Gender and Race Concordant	24	24

Primary outcome: Rate of COVID-19 Vaccination at 1 Month

Time frame: 1 month. Count of participants. Unit: Participants

Measure	Control Arm n = 136	Emotional Message n = 137	Safety Message; Discordant Gender and Race n = 29	Consequences Message; Discordant Gender and Race n = 37	Safety Message; Gender Concordant, Race Discordant n = 32	Consequences Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant n = 31	Safety Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant n = 43	Consequences Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant n = 33	Safety Message; Concordant Gender and Race n = 39	Consequences Message; Concordant Gender and Race n = 35	Link n = 147	Link and Emotional Message n = 122	Link and Safety Message; Gender and Race Discordant n = 30	Link and Consequences Message; Gender and Race Discordant n = 31	Link and Safety Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant n = 30	Link and Consequences Message; Gender Concordant and Race Discordant n = 23	Link and Safety Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant n = 35	Link and Consequences Message; Gender Discordant and Race Concordant n = 34	Link and Safety Message; Gender and Race Concordant n = 34	Link and Consequences Message; Gender and Race Concordant n = 27	$10 Financial Incentive n = 113	$10 Financial Incentive; Emotional Message n = 103	$10 Financial Incentive and Safety Message; Gender and Race Discordant n = 27	$10 Financial Incentive and Consequences Message; Gender and Race Discordant

Adverse events

Time frame: 1 month from survey completion. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Control Arm	0 of 729 (0%)	0 of 729 (0%)	0 of 729
Emotional Message	0 of 681 (0%)	0 of 681 (0%)	0 of 681
Safety and Effectiveness Message	0 of 663 (0%)	0 of 663 (0%)	0 of 663
Consequences Message	0 of 628 (0%)	0 of 628 (0%)	0 of 628

Limitations and caveats (from the sponsor): Enrollment was lower than initial anticipated.

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Mar 2024.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Our partner will not allow data sharing. Code will be shared.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Mar 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 28 Mar 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Rate of COVID-19 Vaccination at 1 Month (time frame: 1 month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04867174.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Mar 2024.

Number of Particpants who Received Vaccine	12	4	0	1	2	3	3	3	3	3	15	17	2	1	3	2	2	2	4	1	10	5	3	2	3	1	3	0	1	3	9	6	0	1	2	1	0	1	3	1	6	13	9	1	3	4	1	0	1	1	4	9	2	1	0	4	0	1	2	2
Number of Participants who did not Receive Vaccine	124	133	29	36	30	28	40	30	36	32	132	105	28	30	27	21	33	32	30	26	103	98	24	20	27	23	30	28	16	29	108	94	20	18	26	14	22	21	21	17	106	107	19	17	23	29	20	20	20	22	100	90	26	22	27	22	19	29	18	22