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Type 2 DiabetesNCT04874415

Behavioral Economics for Activity Motivation in Adolescents (BEAM)

A study testing 1RLD, 1RLW and 1RGD in people with Type 2 Diabetes and PreDiabetes, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

There is an urgent need to engineer targeted physical activity interventions that are effective and scalable for obese adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who often have very low levels of physical activity. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 13 to 22 years
Conditions the study is for
Type 2 Diabetes, PreDiabetes, Insulin Resistance
What is being tested?
1RLD, 1RLW and 1RGD
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
75 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
16 Nov 2021to 4 Oct 2024
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 13 to 22 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult

Who may be able to join

  • 1) Males or females age 13 to 22 years.
  • 2) Overweight or obese (BMI ≥85th percentile for age/sex, or ≥25 kg/m2 for participants ≥18 years)
  • 3) Diagnosis with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes
  • 4) Consent (subjects 18 and older), Parental/guardian permission (subjects 13-17), assent (subjects 13-17)
  • 5) Willingness to wear Fitbit during waking hours daily for duration of run-in and intervention.
  • 6) Possession of a smartphone.

Who cannot join

  • 1) Potential subject unable to speak or read in English
  • 2) Severe cognitive impairment
  • 3) Permanent or temporary physical disability that impairs ambulation or precludes engagement in MVPA
  • 4) Current pregnancy
  • 5) Previously-diagnosed or current restrictive or purging eating disorder
  • 6) Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) >30 minutes per day or Fitbit wear < 4 days during second week of 2-week run-in period

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Behavioral Economics for Activity Motivation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

There is an urgent need to engineer targeted physical activity interventions that are effective and scalable for obese adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who often have very low levels of physical activity. The BEAM Trial is a mobile health (mHealth) intervention that uses behavioral economic-informed financial incentives and text messaging to promote physical activity in AYA with T2D and prediabetes.

Read the detailed description

Some secondary outcome measures from the protocol were inadvertently left out when creating the registration and have been added with the results.

Being tested
1RLD, 1RLW, 1RGD, 1RGW, 2RLD
Medical subject headings
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Prediabetic State, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • 1RLDBehavioural

    1RLD=One text per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period

  • 1RLWBehavioural

    1RLW=One text per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 1RGDBehavioural

    1RGD=One text per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.

  • 1RGWBehavioural

    One text per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 2RLDBehavioural

    Two texts per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period.

  • 2RLWBehavioural

    Two texts per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 2RGDBehavioural

    Two texts per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.

  • 2RGWBehavioural

    Two texts per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 1FLDBehavioural

    One text per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, daily weekly goal time period.

  • 1FLWBehavioural

    One text per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 1FGDBehavioural

    One text per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.

  • 1FGWBehavioural

    One text per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 2FLDBehavioural

    Two texts per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period.

  • 2FLWBehavioural

    Two texts per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.

  • 2FGDBehavioural

    Two texts per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.

  • 2FGWBehavioural

    Two texts per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.

Study groups in NCT04874415
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Condition 1Experimental1RLD=One text per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1RLD
Condition 2Experimental1RLW=One text per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1RLW
Condition 3Experimental1RGD=One text per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1RGD
Condition 4Experimental1RGW=One text per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1RGW
Condition 5Experimental2RLD=Two texts per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2RLD
Condition 6Experimental2RLW=Two texts per day, ramped goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2RLW
Condition 7Experimental2RGD=Two texts per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2RGD
Condition 8Experimental2RGW=Two texts per day, ramped goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2RGW
Condition 9Experimental1FLD=One text per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1FLD
Condition 10Experimental1FLW=One text per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1FLW
Condition 11Experimental1FGD=One text per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1FGD
Condition 12Experimental1FGW=One text per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 1FGW
Condition 13Experimental2FLD=Two texts per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2FLD
Condition 14Experimental2FLW=Two texts per day, fixed goal, loss incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2FLW
Condition 15Experimental2FGD=Two texts per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, daily goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2FGD
Condition 16Experimental2FGW=Two texts per day, fixed goal, gain incentive, weekly goal time period.
Receives: Behavioral: 2FGW

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)

    Effects of time spent in MVPA was measured by assessing the change in weekly mean minutes in MVPA per day from baseline

    Measured: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes (9)
  1. Change in Daily Step Count

    Daily step count will be measured by assessing the change in daily mean steps from baseline

    Measured: 12 weeks

  2. Change in BMI Z-score

    Z-score calculated using "zanthro" package in Stata, according to U.S. CDC growth charts. The BMI Z-score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A Z-score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (i.e., healthy, age and sex-matched adolescents and young adults). Negative numbers indicate values lower than the reference population and positive numbers indicate values higher than the reference population. A Z-score of 0 represents the population mean. BMI Z-scores greater than 1.645 are consistent with pediatric obesity.

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  3. Change in Plasma Glucose

    mg/dL; obtained fasting

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  4. Change in Insulin

    uIU/mL; obtained fasting

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  5. Change in Hemoglobin A1c

    Percent (%)

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  6. Change in Triglycerides

    mg/dL; obtained fasting

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  7. Change in Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL)

    mg/dL; obtained fasting

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  8. Change in High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)

    mg/dL; obtained fasting

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

  9. Change in ALT

    U/L

    Measured: From baseline to follow-up in-person study visits, separated by 3 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted5 May 2021
  2. Study start16 Nov 2021
  3. Primary completion4 Oct 2024
  4. Study completion4 Oct 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Factorial
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
75 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04874415
Sponsor's protocol ID
STUDY21040122
Other IDs
K23DK125719-01
Status last verified
Oct 2025
First submitted
30 Apr 2021
Last updated
28 Oct 2025
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing 1RLD, 1RLW and 1RGD in people with Type 2 Diabetes and PreDiabetes, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Oct 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 9 Oct 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) (time frame: 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Oct 2025.

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