StrokeNCT04877444
Exercise Primed Stroke Rehabilitation
A study testing Duck Duck Punch, Aerobic exercise and Lower extremity stretching in people with Stroke, run by VA Office of Research and Development at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the U.S. and many Veteran stroke survivors live with severe disability. Despite recent advances in rehabilitation treatments many stroke survivors have persistent physical and mental difficulties such as reduced physical and cognitive function and depression. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 to 90 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Duck Duck Punch, Aerobic exercise and Lower extremity stretching
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2021to 31 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 to 90 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- experienced unilateral stroke at least 6 months prior
- voluntarily shoulder flexion of the affected arm 20 degrees with simultaneous elbow extension 10 degrees
- moderate arm movement impairment (UE Fugl-Meyer Assessment > 21 but < 52 points
- passive range of motion in paretic shoulder, elbow, wrist, thumb and fingers within 20 degrees of normal
- ability to communicate as per the therapists' judgement at baseline testing
- ability to complete and pass an exercise tolerance test
- Box \& Block test score of at least 3 blocks in 60 seconds with the affected arm
Who cannot join
- lesion in brainstem/cerebellum as these may interfere with visual-perceptual/cognitive skills needed for motor re-learning
- presence of other neurological disease that may impair motor learning skills
- orthopedic condition or impaired corrected vision that alters reaching ability (e.g., prior rotator cuff tear without full recovery)
- paretic arm pain that interferes with reaching
- unable to understand or follow 3-step directions
- severe cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 17)
Show all 17Show fewer
- severe aphasia
- inability to read English
- history of congestive heart failure, unstable cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, angina or dyspnea at rest or during Activities of daily living (ADL's)
- Severe hypertension with systolic >200 mmHg and diastolic >110 mmHg at rest
- History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or oxygen dependence
- History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism within 6 months
- Uncontrolled diabetes with recent weight loss, diabetic coma, or frequent insulin reactions
- UBACC score < 15; and for brain stimulation procedures only:
- electronic or metallic implants
- history of seizures
- women of child bearing potential
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
Charleston, South Carolina, 29401-5703
About this study
Official title: Priming the Rehabilitation Engine: Aerobic Exercise as the Fuel to Spark Behavioral Improvements in Stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the U.S. and many Veteran stroke survivors live with severe disability. Despite recent advances in rehabilitation treatments many stroke survivors have persistent physical and mental difficulties such as reduced physical and cognitive function and depression. Developing innovative treatments that address these problems is necessary to improve long-term outcomes for stroke survivors. Aerobic exercise (AEx) can improve physical and cognitive function, and reduce depression. Additionally, AEx may enhance physical rehabilitation by making the brain more receptive to, and consequently improving the response to an intervention. Therefore, combining AEx with physical rehabilitation has the potential to improve multiple aspects of stroke recovery. This study will examine the effect of combining AEx with physical rehabilitation on physical and mental function in stroke survivors. By gaining a better understanding of the effects of this combined intervention the investigators aim to advance the rehabilitative care of Veteran stroke survivors.
Read the detailed description
The purpose of this project is to examine the 'priming' effect of aerobic exercise (AEx) on a motor rehabilitation intervention for chronic stroke survivors. Aerobic exercise (AEx) promotes numerous functional, cognitive, and psychological benefits. For example, AEx has demonstrated positive effects on physical performance, cardiovascular health, global cognition, executive function and depressive symptoms in neurologically healthy individuals as well as survivors of stroke. Importantly, emerging evidence also supports the use of AEx as a priming tool to enhance motor outcomes following targeted rehabilitation. Potential mechanisms underlying the priming effects of AEx include increases in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and corticomotor excitability (CME). The wide-ranging behavioral and physiological benefits of AEx ideally suit it to serve as an adjunctive primer to stroke rehabilitation programs. The investigators' conceptual framework involves priming with AEx prior to targeted motor rehabilitation to enhance the 'neuroplastic environment" and make the brain more amenable to adaptation, thereby enhancing response to rehabilitation. Specifically, the investigators propose to pair AEx with an upper extremity virtual reality rehabilitation game called Duck Duck Punch (DDP) as the platform for examining the adjunctive potential of AEx. To evaluate the priming effects of AEx, chronic stroke survivors will be randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks (3 sessions/week) of DDP preceded by either 15 minutes of AEx (AEx+DDP) or a stretching control (CON+DDP). This design will address the following specific aims:
Aim 1: Evaluate the priming effects of AEx on a motor rehabilitation intervention for chronic stroke survivors.
Aim 2: Quantify the effects of AEx priming on biomarkers of neuroplasticity.
By stimulating the neuroplastic environment the investigators aim to enhance the response to motor rehabilitation. However, additional stroke sequelae (eg. cognitive and psychological function) may influence the magnitude of change in motor function. Depression and impaired cognitive function can negatively influence stroke recovery outcomes, and are characterized by reduced neuroplastic potential and BDNF. Subsequently, subjects with depression or cognitive impairment are often excluded from rehabilitation trials. Thus, data that describes the relationship of multiple domains of stroke recovery as well as the neurobiological underpinnings of the response to rehabilitation will illuminate this gap in the literature and generate the formation of new hypotheses for future study.
Exploratory Aim: Examine the influence of cognitive and psychological function on motor response to AEx+DDP.
The primary goal of this proposal is to provide foundational support to develop AEx as an adjunctive primer to rehabilitation. The data generated will inform the development of additional AEx-based interventions for individuals following stroke as well as other neurological or neuropsychiatric conditions.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- Duck Duck Punch, Aerobic exercise, Lower extremity stretching
- Keywords
- rehabilitation, exercise, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, upper extremity
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Duck Duck PunchDevice
Also called DDP
Duck Duck Punch (DDP) is an interactive computer game deliberately designed to enhance UE movement quality via individualized progressive movement practice. DDP is unique as it uses Microsoft Kinect skeletal tracking technology to assess movement performance. The participant sits in front of the Microsoft Kinect and controls a virtual arm with his/her physical arm; reaching forward to "punch" virtual ducks. The goal 'dose' of DDP will be 200 repetitions.
Aerobic exerciseBehavioural
Also called AEx
Subjects will perform 15 minutes of aerobic exercise on a recumbent stationary cycle. The target intensity of aerobic exercise is 70% heart rate reserve. Following aerobic exercise subject will play an upper extremity rehabilitation game called Duck Duck Punch.
Lower extremity stretchingBehavioural
Also called CON
Subjects will perform 15 minutes of lower extremity stretching. Following aerobic exercise subject will play an upper extremity rehabilitation game called Duck Duck Punch.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic exercise (AEx) + upper extremity rehabilitation | Experimental | Subject will receive a total of 24 intervention sessions. In each session, subjects will perform 15 minutes of AEx followed by 200 repetitions of an upper extremity rehabilitation program. |
| Stretching (CON) + upper extremity rehabilitation | Experimental | Subjects will perform 15 minutes of lower extremity stretching. Following lower extremity stretching subjects will receive 200 repetitions of DDP. Receives: Device: Duck Duck Punch; Behavioral: Lower extremity stretching |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline upper extremity impairment assessed by the Fugl Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE)
The FMA-UE is a 33-item measure of UE impairment; however, the 3 items testing reflex response will not be administered because they do not measure a voluntary movement construct. Each item will be scored on a 3-point rating scale (0=unable, 1=partial 2=near normal performance), item ratings will be summed and reported out of 60 points so that larger numbers indicate greater UE motor ability.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (7)
Change from baseline upper extremity motor function assessed by the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT)
The WMFT is a 15-item measure of upper extremity functional ability. Performance of each item will be timed (seconds) and the average time to perform items will be reported so that lower values indicate greater upper extremity function.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline locomotor function assessed by self-selected walking (SSWS) speed and six-minute walk test (6MWT)
Locomotor function will be assessed with SSWS and the 6MWT. For SSWS, subjects will walk on a 14 feet long gait mat (GaitRite). For 6 minute walk test (MWT) subjects will walk in an unobstructed hallway for six minutes. These assessments will provide measures of mobility and functional capacity.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline health related quality of life assessed by the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
The SIS assesses physical function as well as other dimension of health-related quality of life: emotion, communication, memory \& thinking, and social role function. Specifically, the Hand and Perceived Recovery subsets of the SIS will be used to assess the effect of the intervention on 'real world' arm use. The SIS-hand consists of 5-items regarding difficulty of paretic hand use during everyday tasks during the previous two weeks. Items will be rated on a 5-point scale (5=not difficult, 1=cannot do) and reported as an average item rating. The SIS-recovery subtest is a single-item in which the participant rates his/her perceived post-stroke recovery from 0%-100% recovered.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline depressive symptoms assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
The GDS-short form is a 15-item self-report questionnaire that assesses the presence of depressive symptomology in elderly individuals. Questions are in yes/no format with a maximum score of. Scores greater than 5 indicate probable depression. This assessment will provide information regarding the presence of depressive of symptoms and the potential impact such symptoms may have on response to the proposed intervention.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline cognitive function assessed by National Institutes of Health Toolbox - Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB)
The NIHTB-CB is a brief (~30 minutes) and comprehensive evaluation of multiple domains of cognitive function including executive function, working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, and language. There are seven subtests (picture vocabulary, oral reading recognition, picture sequence memory test, pattern comparison, list sorting, flanker, dimensional change card sort) within the NIHTB, which can be used to generate composite scores in fluid and crystallized cognitive function. This provides an opportunity to gain objective insight into granular and global changes in cognitive function. The NIHTB-CB has been validated in stroke.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline peripheral plasma and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Blood specimens will be obtained immediately before and after AEx or CON on three separate occasions (intervention sessions 1, 13, and 24). Briefly, an intravenous catheter will be placed in a superficial forearm vein at the beginning of the priming session and will be maintained patent using an isotonic saline solution. Baseline blood samples will be drawn immediately before the priming session (AEx or CON) commences. Immediate post-AEx or CON, blood samples will be taken within sixty seconds of priming session completion while the participant remains seated in the cycle ergometer.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline neuroplastic potential
Subjects will have neuroplastic potential assessed with a plasticity-inducing paradigm called paired associative stimulation (PAS). Briefly, PAS utilizes a repeated and timed peripheral nerve stimulation combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the contralateral motor cortex to induce motor cortex plasticity. Prior to- and after PAS, motor cortex plasticity will be assessed via motor evoked potentials (MEP) which are obtained by single pulse TMS and electromyography (EMG) of the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The relative change in mean peak-to-peak amplitude (measured in millivolts) of twenty MEP's obtained prior to PAS and following PAS will be used as the index of neuroplastic potential. The change in this index 8 weeks from baseline will indicate changes in neuroplastic potential.
Measured: Approximately 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 May 2021
- Study start1 Jul 2021
- Primary completion30 Sep 2026
- Study completion31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by VA Office of Research and DevelopmentThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Study participants will be randomized to one of two groups. One group will receive 24 sessions of aerobic exercise and upper extremity rehabilitation. The second group will receive 24 sessions of stretching exercise and upper extremity rehabilitation.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- VA Office of Research and Development
- Sponsor type
- US federal agency
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ryan E Ross, PhD, Principal investigator, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04877444
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- B3540-W
- Other IDs
- 5IK2RX003540-04
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 26 Apr 2021
- Last updated
- 13 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Priming the Rehabilitation Engine: Aerobic Exercise as the Fuel to Spark Behavioral Improvements in Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04877444
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- B3540-W
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- rehabilitation, exercise, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, upper extremity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- VA Office of Research and DevelopmentUS federal agency
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 May 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the U.S. and many Veteran stroke survivors live with severe disability. Despite recent advances in rehabilitation treatments many stroke survivors have persistent physical and mental difficulties such as reduced physical and cognitive function and depression. Developing innovative treatments that address these problems is necessary to improve long-term outcomes for stroke survivors. Aerobic exercise (AEx) can improve physical and cognitive function, and reduce depression. Additionally, AEx may enhance physical rehabilitation by making the brain more receptive to, and consequently improving the response to an intervention. Therefore, combining AEx with physical rehabilitation has the potential to improve multiple aspects of stroke recovery. This study will examine the effect of combining AEx with physical rehabilitation on physical and mental function in stroke survivors. By gaining a better understanding of the effects of this combined intervention the investigators aim to advance the rehabilitative care of Veteran stroke survivors.
Detailed description
The purpose of this project is to examine the 'priming' effect of aerobic exercise (AEx) on a motor rehabilitation intervention for chronic stroke survivors. Aerobic exercise (AEx) promotes numerous functional, cognitive, and psychological benefits. For example, AEx has demonstrated positive effects on physical performance, cardiovascular health, global cognition, executive function and depressive symptoms in neurologically healthy individuals as well as survivors of stroke. Importantly, emerging evidence also supports the use of AEx as a priming tool to enhance motor outcomes following targeted rehabilitation. Potential mechanisms underlying the priming effects of AEx include increases in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and corticomotor excitability (CME). The wide-ranging behavioral and physiological benefits of AEx ideally suit it to serve as an adjunctive primer to stroke rehabilitation programs. The investigators' conceptual framework involves priming with AEx prior to targeted motor rehabilitation to enhance the 'neuroplastic environment" and make the brain more amenable to adaptation, thereby enhancing response to rehabilitation. Specifically, the investigators propose to pair AEx with an upper extremity virtual reality rehabilitation game called Duck Duck Punch (DDP) as the platform for examining the adjunctive potential of AEx. To evaluate the priming effects of AEx, chronic stroke survivors will be randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks (3 sessions/week) of DDP preceded by either 15 minutes of AEx (AEx+DDP) or a stretching control (CON+DDP). This design will address the following specific aims:
Aim 1: Evaluate the priming effects of AEx on a motor rehabilitation intervention for chronic stroke survivors.
Aim 2: Quantify the effects of AEx priming on biomarkers of neuroplasticity.
By stimulating the neuroplastic environment the investigators aim to enhance the response to motor rehabilitation. However, additional stroke sequelae (eg. cognitive and psychological function) may influence the magnitude of change in motor function. Depression and impaired cognitive function can negatively influence stroke recovery outcomes, and are characterized by reduced neuroplastic potential and BDNF. Subsequently, subjects with depression or cognitive impairment are often excluded from rehabilitation trials. Thus, data that describes the relationship of multiple domains of stroke recovery as well as the neurobiological underpinnings of the response to rehabilitation will illuminate this gap in the literature and generate the formation of new hypotheses for future study.
Exploratory Aim: Examine the influence of cognitive and psychological function on motor response to AEx+DDP.
The primary goal of this proposal is to provide foundational support to develop AEx as an adjunctive primer to rehabilitation. The data generated will inform the development of additional AEx-based interventions for individuals following stroke as well as other neurological or neuropsychiatric conditions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Study participants will be randomized to one of two groups. One group will receive 24 sessions of aerobic exercise and upper extremity rehabilitation. The second group will receive 24 sessions of stretching exercise and upper extremity rehabilitation.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic exercise (AEx) + upper extremity rehabilitation | Experimental | –Subject will receive a total of 24 intervention sessions. In each session, subjects will perform 15 minutes of AEx followed by 200 repetitions of an upper extremity rehabilitation program. |
| Stretching (CON) + upper extremity rehabilitation | Experimental | Device: Duck Duck Punch, Behavioral: Lower extremity stretchingSubjects will perform 15 minutes of lower extremity stretching. Following lower extremity stretching subjects will receive 200 repetitions of DDP. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- experienced unilateral stroke at least 6 months prior
- voluntarily shoulder flexion of the affected arm 20 degrees with simultaneous elbow extension 10 degrees
- moderate arm movement impairment (UE Fugl-Meyer Assessment > 21 but < 52 points
- passive range of motion in paretic shoulder, elbow, wrist, thumb and fingers within 20 degrees of normal
- ability to communicate as per the therapists' judgement at baseline testing
Key exclusion criteria (17 listed)
- lesion in brainstem/cerebellum as these may interfere with visual-perceptual/cognitive skills needed for motor re-learning
- presence of other neurological disease that may impair motor learning skills
- orthopedic condition or impaired corrected vision that alters reaching ability (e.g., prior rotator cuff tear without full recovery)
- paretic arm pain that interferes with reaching
- unable to understand or follow 3-step directions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Duck Duck PunchAlso: DDPDuck Duck Punch (DDP) is an interactive computer game deliberately designed to enhance UE movement quality via individualized progressive movement practice. DDP is unique as it uses Microsoft Kinect skeletal tracking technology to assess movement performance. The participant sits in front of the Microsoft Kinect and controls a virtual arm with his/her physical arm; reaching forward to "punch" virtual ducks. The goal 'dose' of DDP will be 200 repetitions. | Device | Stretching (CON) + upper extremity rehabilitation |
| Aerobic exerciseAlso: AExSubjects will perform 15 minutes of aerobic exercise on a recumbent stationary cycle. The target intensity of aerobic exercise is 70% heart rate reserve. Following aerobic exercise subject will play an upper extremity rehabilitation game called Duck Duck Punch. | Behavioural | – |
| Lower extremity stretchingAlso: CONSubjects will perform 15 minutes of lower extremity stretching. Following aerobic exercise subject will play an upper extremity rehabilitation game called Duck Duck Punch. | Behavioural | Stretching (CON) + upper extremity rehabilitation |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline upper extremity impairment assessed by the Fugl Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
The FMA-UE is a 33-item measure of UE impairment; however, the 3 items testing reflex response will not be administered because they do not measure a voluntary movement construct. Each item will be scored on a 3-point rating scale (0=unable, 1=partial 2=near normal performance), item ratings will be summed and reported out of 60 points so that larger numbers indicate greater UE motor ability.
7 secondary outcomes
Change from baseline upper extremity motor function assessed by the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline locomotor function assessed by self-selected walking (SSWS) speed and six-minute walk test (6MWT)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline health related quality of life assessed by the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline depressive symptoms assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline cognitive function assessed by National Institutes of Health Toolbox - Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline peripheral plasma and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Change from baseline neuroplastic potential
Time frame: Approximately 8 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ryan E Ross, PhD principal investigator
Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Duck Duck Punch, Aerobic exercise and Lower extremity stretching in people with Stroke, run by VA Office of Research and Development at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline upper extremity impairment assessed by the Fugl Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE) (time frame: Approximately 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 28 Oct 2026.