The Efficacy and Safety of TACE, Lenvatinib and Camrelizumab in the Treatment of BCLC Stage B/C Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Single-arm, Single-center, Open-label Study

At present, the treatment methods for advanced liver cancer mainly include local interventional therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.This study focused on patients with primary HCC diagnosed clinically and radiologically, histologically, or cytologically, in BCLC stage B/C.To study the medium and long-term efficacy of TACE and remvaritinib combined with carrelizumab in the treatment of BCLCB/C stage liver cancer, and to evaluate its effectiveness;To evaluate the safety and efficacy of remvatinib combined with carrelizumab in the treatment of liver cancer, and to clarify the application value of combined therapy, so as to lay a foundation for the evaluation of clinical efficacy in patients with middle and advanced liver cancer.Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell-based cancer immunotherapies have been widely used in a variety of advanced malignancies by modulating the tumor immune response.Studies have shown that programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates the immune function of T cells through interaction with its ligand PD-L1.A growing body of evidence suggests that the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is one of the major cancer avoidance mechanisms in humans.Overexpression of PD-L1 or PD-L2 by tumor cells interacts with PD-1 molecules expressed in activated T cells to inhibit T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction, and eventually leads to inactivation of effector T cells and loss of proliferative ability, leading to tumor immune escape.Based on this mechanism of tumors, new immunotherapies that block the interaction between PD1/PD-L1 have been produced, changing the treatment strategies of various malignant tumors.By inhibiting the negative regulatory effect of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway on T cells, the anti-tumor immune response of the body can be enhanced, the T cell response activity targeting the patient's tumor can be improved, and the proliferation of effector T lymphocytes can be promoted, finally providing an important and lasting immune response against the patient's malignant tumor.Carrelizumab is a human high-affinity IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody drug independently developed by Suzhou Henrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which can selectively block the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathway, and restore immune function by activating effector T lymphocytes and cell-mediated immune response.Some studies have shown that the application of carrelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors shows some clinical value, and predictive biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression level and tumor mutation load can screen out patients with high response to PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies.Even so, PD1/PD-L1 blocking therapy provides clinical benefit in less than 20% of cancer patients，suggesting that patients using these drugs rely solely on their insufficient preexisting endogenous anti-tumor specific T cells.Anti-angiogenic drugs can specifically bind to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor 2(VEGFR2), achieving the dual effect of enhancing cytotoxic chemotherapy and achieving molecular targeted therapy.Some recent studies have shown that angiogenesis inhibitors can regulate tumor microenvironment and relieve hypoxia of tumor cells, which may promote tumor immune recovery .Ramvatinib mesylate is a class of multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which can block a series of regulatory factors including VEGFR1-3, KIT and RET in tumor cells, and significantly inhibit angiogenesis in tumor tissues.It is currently FDA approved as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.In a phase III clinical study, the overall survival of remvatinib in the first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma was comparable to sorafenib (13.6 vs12.3 months) .Another basic study showed that rumvatinib modulates cancer immunity in the tumor microenvironment by reducing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), and that when combined with PD-1 inhibitors, it can enhance anti-tumor activity through the IFN signaling pathway.In addition, previous studies have found that transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma shows a good response to tumor treatment compared with TACE alone, but the incidence of treatment-related adverse events is high and the survival time of patients is not significantly improved.Therefore, in this study, TACE, the powerful anti-angiogenic drug Ramvatinib and the new PD-1 inhibitor Carrizumab were combined to treat liver cancer patients, so as to improve the quality of life of patients and improve their survival benefits.This study aims to explore the clinical outcomes of TACE, Ramvatinib combined with carririzumab in patients with stage BCLCB/C liver cancer, monitor the complications and tumor treatment response of patients, study the appropriate population for combined treatment, and evaluate the hepatorenal and cardiotoxicity of the drugs in humans.Focusing on exploring the mechanism and application value of antiangiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of liver cancer, to provide new treatment options for patients with middle and advanced liver cancer.