Cystic Fibrosis and Urinary Incontinence

Study Procedures: Participants will be recruited at routine cystic fibrosis (CF) clinic visits and via telephone screening. The investigators will again utilize the ISI for screening procedures with subjects required to have at incontinence at least as frequent as 'less than once a month' and at least as 'drops' to be eligible for enrollment. Informed consent will be obtained before any study procedures are initiated. Initial demographic questions and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) will be completed at the baseline visit. Subjects will be given materials to complete a 2-day bladder diary. The bladder diary has participants track what they take in (fluids) and also their voided volumes throughout the day and night. Subjects will be given a hat to void in a collect the numbers/volume of voids and also leakage episodes. Pregnancy will be excluded by self-report. Participants will then have a pelvic exam for a visual urethral mobility examination and assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength to be completed by the principal investigator. The principal investigator will additionally first perform a bladder scan ultrasound to assess current bladder volume and then a cough stress test (CST). The exam will be performed in the supine/lithotomy position with ≥300 mL of fluid in the bladder. The investigators will have the subject cough forcefully 1-4 times and the examiner will directly visualize the urethral meatus for the presence of leakage. Leakage of fluid from the urethral meatus coincident with/simultaneous to the cough(s) is considered a positive test consistent with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Randomized feasibility trial (Table 2). At the baseline visit, women will be given a brief description of the three different treatment options and be initially asked to rank initial choice for treatment. Participants will then be randomized to either a disposable urethral support device (Impressa®), Speax™ Reusable Underwear, or pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT). Randomization will be in a 1:1:1 allocation without stratification by incontinence severity. The disposable Impressa® urethral support is a tampon-like device that is available over the counter to help women with urinary incontinence (UI). Speax Reusable Underwear are similarly available for purchase online and are absorbent underwear for bladder leak protection. Both the Impressa and Speax are commercially available and the Impressa is FDA approved. The Speax underwear are not a FDA regulated product. Urethral support device cohort - A week supply of the Impressa device will be provided and participants will be asked to complete a daily bladder diary for a total of 7 days. The instructions for use booklet will be provided. Subjects will be told that they can continuously utilize one Impressa for up to 12 hours. The investigators will ask subjects to wear for at least 12 hours a day but up to 24 if they desire. Reusable absorbent pad cohort - Three pairs of Speax underwear will be provided and subjects will complete a similar daily UI diary for 7 days. Subjects will be instructed to wear one pair of speax daily and may wash as they desire. Subjects will be provided the website for the product and The investigators will allow them to order whatever pair/size the subject desires. https://www.shethinx.com/pages/speax. PFMT cohort - Experienced pelvic health physical therapists (at both University of Pittsburgh) will complete two visits one week apart. Each PFMT visit will take ~60 minutes. The investigators will develop a standardized pelvic floor exercise intervention based on previous RCT for PFMT in women with MUI. The intervention will comprise: 1) Bladder training and delayed voiding techniques 2) Urgency suppression 3) SUI strategies (e.g., 'knack') and 4) Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training for those agreeable to internal exams. The investigators will utilize Diaphragmatic breathing, Happy Baby Stretch with pelvic floor muscle (PFM) relaxation and lower abdominal myofascial release (MFR) to start. These are all non-internal stretching type exercises similar to yoga and will be performed for ~20-30 minutes. If the subject is willing the investigators will consider internal pelvic floor muscle training which will involve the physical therapist inserting one digit into the vagina in order to aid in muscle coordination. This will also be done for 20-30 minutes.

Subjects will not be blinded to their group assignment given the nature of the differences in management options. At the end of the treatment assignment all subjects will repeat the KHQ and a patient global impression of improvement (PGI-I). The PGI-I is a validated one question measure rating their urinary tract condition now, as compared with how it was prior to before beginning treatment on a scale from 1 (Very much better) to 7 (Very much worse). All subjects will complete the follow-up questionnaires 7-days after the beginning of their assigned therapy.

Given the opportunity to gather acceptability on these options for a sensitive issue, subjects will be offered an option to further participate in one alternate therapy of their choosing. If subjects select this option, investigators will organize an additional week of therapy. Participants will only have to complete a BSW questionnaire and another PGI-I at the end of therapy. This is an option for all women in the study even if they initially had been randomized to their preferred option as participants may ultimately have not really liked that choice.

Acceptability and Feasibility assessment: Urethral support device cohort and Reusable absorbent pad cohort: Feasibility will be evaluated through assessment of use and product performance. Logs regarding utilization of assigned product will be completed daily. Patient treatment preference will be assessed after completion of both therapies utilizing the product performance questionnaire (PPQ). The PPQ is a 13-item product questionnaire that consists of product questions that are specific to incontinence products and includes questions about overall impression of product, ability to hold urine, ability to prevent odor, fit, discreteness, comfort when wet and dry, and ability to keep skin dry. PFMT cohort: Feasibility will be evaluated through assessment of adherence and self-reported success with ability to perform exercises. Adherence to intervention sessions will be documented by physical therapist using attendance logs. Adherence to home practice will be documented by participants in home logs that included the dates and times of practice. At the end of each physical therapy visit, participants will be asked to rate their confidence in performing the PFMT exercises featured in their program (extremely, very, moderately, somewhat, and not at all confident).

At the end of the study, all participants will be asked to indicate how easy it would be to continue practicing their assignment intervention (extremely, very, moderately, somewhat, and not at all easy). All subjects will complete a Benefit, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Continue (BSW) questionnaire. The investigators will consider therapy feasible (as measured by 80% adherence to treatment assignment over 7 days) and tolerable (as measured by patient report via questionnaire). By allowing subjects to choose another one of the arms after their randomization this will give us further, important information about feasibility and patient preference for a larger trial.