Aortic StenosisPhase 3NCT04968509
Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis
A Phase 3 study testing PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibe and Statins with or without ezetimibe in people with Aortic Stenosis, run by Beijing Anzhen Hospital at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) can cause severe adverse cardiac events, but there are currently no effective drugs that can prevent or delay the progression of the disease. In fact, aortic valve replacement remains the only treatment option. CAS has been shown to be associated with Lp(a), LDL-C and PCSK9. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Aortic Stenosis
- What is being tested?
- PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibe and Statins with or without ezetimibe
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 160 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 22 Mar 2024to Jan 2028
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients older than 18 years of age with mild or moderate calcific aortic stenosis (peak aortic jet velocity ≥ 2m/s and < 4m/s or mean transvalvular gradients ≥ 20mmHg and < 40mmHg), or asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (peak aortic jet velocity ≥ 4m/s or mean transvalvular gradients ≥ 40mmHg and no symptoms and/or signs related to aortic stenosis and negative exercise treadmill test)
- Patients who are required to be treated with a stable statin (atorvastatin or rosuvastatin) dose for at least 4 weeks and to have an LDL-C level of 80 mg/dL or higher or between 60 and 80 mg/dL (to convert LDL-C values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259) with 1 major or 3 minor cardiovascular risk factors. Major risk factors include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction or hospitalization for unstable angina in the preceding 2 years, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Minor risk factors include current cigarette smoking, hypertension, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, family history of premature coronary heart disease, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of 2 mg/L or higher (to convert hsCRP values to nmol/L, multiply by 9.524), or age 50 years or older for men and 55 years or older for women
- Patients agree to participate in the study by signing an informed consent form
Who cannot join
- Any previous treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors
- Patients who must be treated with long-term PCSK9 inhibitors
- Patients who cannot maintain statin and/or PCSK9 inhibitor use for 24 months
- Hypersensitivity to PCSK9 inhibitors and/or statin
- Fasting triglyceride (TG) levels > 400mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L) at screening
- Thyroid hypofunction
Show all 21Show fewer
- Active or chronic liver disease
- Severe renal dysfunction (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2)
- History of cerebral hemorrhage
- History of alcohol or drug abuse
- Known active infection, or major hematological, metabolic, or endocrine dysfunction
- Patients who have been treated with systemic steroids or cyclosporine within the past 3 months
- Active malignant tumor
- Any life-threatening condition with life expectancy less than 12 months
- Severe mitral stenosis (valve area<1cm2)
- Severe mitral or aortic regurgitation
- Patients who are scheduled to undergo heart valve surgery
- Left ventricular ejection fraction < 30% or severe heart failure (NYHA class III or IV)
- The presence of a permanent pacemaker or defibrillator
- Arrhythmias that are not controlled by drugs
- Child-bearing potential without contraception
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
China1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100000
Zhijian Wang
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Trial of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis
Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) can cause severe adverse cardiac events, but there are currently no effective drugs that can prevent or delay the progression of the disease. In fact, aortic valve replacement remains the only treatment option.
CAS has been shown to be associated with Lp(a), LDL-C and PCSK9. Several observational studies indicated that the use of statins to decrease LDL-C levels was associated with the reduced incidence of CAS, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showd that statins had any benefit on the progression of CAS. This may be related to the limited reduction of LDL-C by statin therapy. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have emerged as a new lipid-lowering drug. On the basis of statin therapy, PCSK9 inhibitors can further reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) levels by 50% to 60% and 20% to 30%, respectively. Some studies reported that elevated plasma PCSK9 levels were related to CAS and PCSK9 R46L loss-of-function mutation was associated with lower rates of CAS, and importantly, some observational studies found that PCSK9 inhibitors could reduce the incidence of CAS.
Read more
Our trial aims to investigate the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on preventing or delaying the progression of CAS. A total of 160 patients with mild or moderate CAS or asymptomatic severe AS will be randomly assigned to receive either statins or PCSK9 inhibitors+statins. All patients will be followed for at least 2 years at 3, 6,9,12,15,18,21,24 months after randomization. Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L including the EUROQOL visual analogue scale) questionnaires were gathered during each visit. Echocardiography and computer tomography were performed and blood samples were withdrawn at baseline, at 2 years visit, and before withdrawal from the study.
The primary endpoint is the average annual change in peak aortic jet velocity on echocardiography. The secondary endpoints include average annual change in aortic valve area on echocardiography, average annual change in aortic valve calcification score on cardiac non-contrast computer tomography, heart valve surgery, change in quality-of-life scores, and average annual change in aortic and coronary artery calcification. Safety endpoints include all-cause death and cardiovascular events.
The results of this trial will provide a new idea for the treatment of patients with CAS.
- Conditions
- Aortic Stenosis
- Being tested
- PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibe, Statins with or without ezetimibe
- Keywords
- PCSK9 Inhibitors, Calcific Aortic Stenosis
- Medical subject headings
- Aortic Valve Stenosis, Aortic Valve, Calcification of
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibeDrug
Also called Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase inhibitors, Ezetimibe
Patients in experimental group are treated with PCSK9 inhibitors (140mg with Evolocumab or 75mg with Alirocumab or 150mg with Tafolecimab subcutaneously every two weeks) and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd).
Statins with or without ezetimibeDrug
Also called Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase inhibitors, Ezetimibe
Patients in control group are only treated with conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins | Experimental | Patients in experimental group are treated with PCSK9 inhibitors (140mg with Evolocumab or 75mg with Alirocumab or 150mg with Tafolecimab subcutaneously every two weeks) and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd). Receives: Drug: PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibe |
| Treatment with only conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins | Other | Patients in control group are only treated with conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd). Receives: Drug: Statins with or without ezetimibe |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The average annual change in peak aortic jet velocity
The peak aortic jet velocity is measured by echocardiography.
Measured: Up to 24 months
Secondary outcomes (4)
The average annual change in aortic valve area
The aortic valve area is measured by echocardiography.
Measured: Up to 24 months
The average annual change in aortic valve calcification score
The aortic valve calcification score is measured by cardiac noncontrast computer tomography.
Measured: Up to 24 months
Heart valve surgery
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation or surgical aortic valve replacement
Measured: Up to 24 months
Change in quality-of-life scores
Change in quality-of-life scores is assessed with the use of the EQ-5D-3L scale
Measured: Up to 24 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Jul 2021
- Study start22 Mar 2024
- Primary completionDec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionJan 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Aortic StenosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Beijing Anzhen HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zhi Jian Wang, Beijing Anzhen Hospital
- Investigators
- Zhijian Wang, Principal investigator, Beijing Anzhen Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04968509
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EPISODE
- Other IDs
- 2022-2-1052
- Status last verified
- May 2024
- First submitted
- 4 Jul 2021
- Last updated
- 9 May 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Lindman BR, Clavel MA, Mathieu P, Iung B, Lancellotti P, Otto CM, Pibarot P. Calcific aortic stenosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Mar 3;2:16006. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.6.
PubMed 27188578Rajamannan NM, Evans FJ, Aikawa E, Grande-Allen KJ, Demer LL, Heistad DD, Simmons CA, Masters KS, Mathieu P, O'Brien KD, Schoen FJ, Towler DA, Yoganathan AP, Otto CM. Calcific aortic valve disease: not simply a degenerative process: A review and agenda for research from the National Heart and Lung and Blood Institute Aortic Stenosis Working Group. Executive summary: Calcific aortic valve disease-2011 update. Circulation. 2011 Oct 18;124(16):1783-91. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.006767. No abstract available.
PubMed 22007101Smith JG, Luk K, Schulz CA, Engert JC, Do R, Hindy G, Rukh G, Dufresne L, Almgren P, Owens DS, Harris TB, Peloso GM, Kerr KF, Wong Q, Smith AV, Budoff MJ, Rotter JI, Cupples LA, Rich S, Kathiresan S, Orho-Melander M, Gudnason V, O'Donnell CJ, Post WS, Thanassoulis G; Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Extracoronary Calcium Working Group. Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related genetic variants with aortic valve calcium and incident aortic stenosis. JAMA. 2014 Nov 5;312(17):1764-71. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.13959.
PubMed 25344734Thanassoulis G, Campbell CY, Owens DS, Smith JG, Smith AV, Peloso GM, Kerr KF, Pechlivanis S, Budoff MJ, Harris TB, Malhotra R, O'Brien KD, Kamstrup PR, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Allison MA, Aspelund T, Criqui MH, Heckbert SR, Hwang SJ, Liu Y, Sjogren M, van der Pals J, Kalsch H, Muhleisen TW, Nothen MM, Cupples LA, Caslake M, Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson S, Wong Q, Erbel R, Kathiresan S, Melander O, Gudnason V, O'Donnell CJ, Post WS; CHARGE Extracoronary Calcium Working Group. Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 7;368(6):503-12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1109034.
PubMed 23388002Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M, Springett M, Sebo TC, Niekrasz M, McConnell JP, Singh RJ, Stone NJ, Bonow RO, Spelsberg TC. Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced cellular proliferation and bone matrix production in the rabbit aortic valve. Circulation. 2002 Jun 4;105(22):2660-5. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000017435.87463.72.
PubMed 12045173Weiss RM, Ohashi M, Miller JD, Young SG, Heistad DD. Calcific aortic valve stenosis in old hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation. 2006 Nov 7;114(19):2065-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634139. Epub 2006 Oct 30.
PubMed 17075015Cowell SJ, Newby DE, Prescott RJ, Bloomfield P, Reid J, Northridge DB, Boon NA; Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial, Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) Investigators. A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 9;352(23):2389-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043876.
PubMed 15944423Chan KL, Teo K, Dumesnil JG, Ni A, Tam J; ASTRONOMER Investigators. Effect of Lipid lowering with rosuvastatin on progression of aortic stenosis: results of the aortic stenosis progression observation: measuring effects of rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial. Circulation. 2010 Jan 19;121(2):306-14. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900027. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
PubMed 20048204Rossebo AB, Pedersen TR, Boman K, Brudi P, Chambers JB, Egstrup K, Gerdts E, Gohlke-Barwolf C, Holme I, Kesaniemi YA, Malbecq W, Nienaber CA, Ray S, Skjaerpe T, Wachtell K, Willenheimer R; SEAS Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 25;359(13):1343-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804602. Epub 2008 Sep 2.
PubMed 18765433Bergmark BA, O'Donoghue ML, Murphy SA, Kuder JF, Ezhov MV, Ceska R, Gouni-Berthold I, Jensen HK, Tokgozoglu SL, Mach F, Huber K, Gaciong Z, Lewis BS, Schiele F, Jukema JW, Pedersen TR, Giugliano RP, Sabatine MS. An Exploratory Analysis of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibition and Aortic Stenosis in the FOURIER Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jun 1;5(6):709-713. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0728.
PubMed 32347887Capoulade R, Cariou B. Editorial commentary: Lp(a) and calcific aortic valve stenosis: Direct LPA targeting or PCSK9-Lowering therapy? Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jul;31(5):312-314. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.06.009. Epub 2020 Jul 2. No abstract available.
PubMed 32623063Poggio P, Songia P, Cavallotti L, Barbieri SS, Zanotti I, Arsenault BJ, Valerio V, Ferri N, Capoulade R, Camera M. PCSK9 Involvement in Aortic Valve Calcification. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 18;72(24):3225-3227. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.063. No abstract available.
PubMed 30545459Perrot N, Valerio V, Moschetta D, Boekholdt SM, Dina C, Chen HY, Abner E, Martinsson A, Manikpurage HD, Rigade S, Capoulade R, Mass E, Clavel MA, Le Tourneau T, Messika-Zeitoun D, Wareham NJ, Engert JC, Polvani G, Pibarot P, Esko T, Smith JG, Mathieu P, Thanassoulis G, Schott JJ, Bosse Y, Camera M, Theriault S, Poggio P, Arsenault BJ. Genetic and In Vitro Inhibition of PCSK9 and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):649-661. doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.004. eCollection 2020 Jul.
PubMed 32760854Zheng Y, Li Q, Yang Y, Yang J, Liu Z, Ma X, Wang Z. Rationale and Design of the EPISODE Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025 Oct 7;14(19):e042112. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.125.042112. Epub 2025 Sep 19.
PubMed 40970544
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 May 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Trial of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04968509
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EPISODE
- Conditions
- Aortic Stenosis
- Keywords
- PCSK9 Inhibitors, Calcific Aortic Stenosis
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission
- Study start
- 22 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jan 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Jul 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) can cause severe adverse cardiac events, but there are currently no effective drugs that can prevent or delay the progression of the disease. In fact, aortic valve replacement remains the only treatment option.
CAS has been shown to be associated with Lp(a), LDL-C and PCSK9. Several observational studies indicated that the use of statins to decrease LDL-C levels was associated with the reduced incidence of CAS, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showd that statins had any benefit on the progression of CAS. This may be related to the limited reduction of LDL-C by statin therapy. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have emerged as a new lipid-lowering drug. On the basis of statin therapy, PCSK9 inhibitors can further reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) levels by 50% to 60% and 20% to 30%, respectively. Some studies reported that elevated plasma PCSK9 levels were related to CAS and PCSK9 R46L loss-of-function mutation was associated with lower rates of CAS, and importantly, some observational studies found that PCSK9 inhibitors could reduce the incidence of CAS.
Our trial aims to investigate the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on preventing or delaying the progression of CAS. A total of 160 patients with mild or moderate CAS or asymptomatic severe AS will be randomly assigned to receive either statins or PCSK9 inhibitors+statins. All patients will be followed for at least 2 years at 3, 6,9,12,15,18,21,24 months after randomization. Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L including the EUROQOL visual analogue scale) questionnaires were gathered during each visit. Echocardiography and computer tomography were performed and blood samples were withdrawn at baseline, at 2 years visit, and before withdrawal from the study.
The primary endpoint is the average annual change in peak aortic jet velocity on echocardiography. The secondary endpoints include average annual change in aortic valve area on echocardiography, average annual change in aortic valve calcification score on cardiac non-contrast computer tomography, heart valve surgery, change in quality-of-life scores, and average annual change in aortic and coronary artery calcification. Safety endpoints include all-cause death and cardiovascular events.
The results of this trial will provide a new idea for the treatment of patients with CAS.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins | Experimental | Drug: PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibePatients in experimental group are treated with PCSK9 inhibitors (140mg with Evolocumab or 75mg with Alirocumab or 150mg with Tafolecimab subcutaneously every two weeks) and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd). |
| Treatment with only conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins | Other | Drug: Statins with or without ezetimibePatients in control group are only treated with conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Patients older than 18 years of age with mild or moderate calcific aortic stenosis (peak aortic jet velocity ≥ 2m/s and < 4m/s or mean transvalvular gradients ≥ 20mmHg and < 40mmHg), or asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (peak aortic jet velocity ≥ 4m/s or mean transvalvular gradients ≥ 40mmHg and no symptoms and/or signs related to aortic stenosis and negative exercise treadmill test)
- Patients who are required to be treated with a stable statin (atorvastatin or rosuvastatin) dose for at least 4 weeks and to have an LDL-C level of 80 mg/dL or higher or between 60 and 80 mg/dL (to convert LDL-C values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259) with 1 major or 3 minor cardiovascular risk factors. Major risk factors include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction or hospitalization for unstable angina in the preceding 2 years, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Minor risk factors include current cigarette smoking, hypertension, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, family history of premature coronary heart disease, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of 2 mg/L or higher (to convert hsCRP values to nmol/L, multiply by 9.524), or age 50 years or older for men and 55 years or older for women
- Patients agree to participate in the study by signing an informed consent form
Key exclusion criteria (21 listed)
- Any previous treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors
- Patients who must be treated with long-term PCSK9 inhibitors
- Patients who cannot maintain statin and/or PCSK9 inhibitor use for 24 months
- Hypersensitivity to PCSK9 inhibitors and/or statin
- Fasting triglyceride (TG) levels > 400mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L) at screening
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibeAlso: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase inhibitors, EzetimibePatients in experimental group are treated with PCSK9 inhibitors (140mg with Evolocumab or 75mg with Alirocumab or 150mg with Tafolecimab subcutaneously every two weeks) and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd). | Drug | Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors and conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins |
| Statins with or without ezetimibeAlso: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase inhibitors, EzetimibePatients in control group are only treated with conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (atorvastatin 20-40mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd, or rosuvastatin 10-20mg qd with or without ezetimibe 10mg qd). | Drug | Treatment with only conventional lipid-lowering therapy based on statins |
Primary outcome
The average annual change in peak aortic jet velocity
Time frame: Up to 24 months
The peak aortic jet velocity is measured by echocardiography.
4 secondary outcomes
The average annual change in aortic valve area
Time frame: Up to 24 months
The average annual change in aortic valve calcification score
Time frame: Up to 24 months
Heart valve surgery
Time frame: Up to 24 months
Change in quality-of-life scores
Time frame: Up to 24 months
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 May 2024.
- Background: PubMed 27188578Lindman BR, Clavel MA, Mathieu P, Iung B, Lancellotti P, Otto CM, Pibarot P. Calcific aortic stenosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Mar 3;2:16006. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.6.
- Background: PubMed 22007101Rajamannan NM, Evans FJ, Aikawa E, Grande-Allen KJ, Demer LL, Heistad DD, Simmons CA, Masters KS, Mathieu P, O'Brien KD, Schoen FJ, Towler DA, Yoganathan AP, Otto CM. Calcific aortic valve disease: not simply a degenerative process: A review and agenda for research from the National Heart and Lung and Blood Institute Aortic Stenosis Working Group. Executive summary: Calcific aortic valve disease-2011 update. Circulation. 2011 Oct 18;124(16):1783-91. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.006767. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 25344734Smith JG, Luk K, Schulz CA, Engert JC, Do R, Hindy G, Rukh G, Dufresne L, Almgren P, Owens DS, Harris TB, Peloso GM, Kerr KF, Wong Q, Smith AV, Budoff MJ, Rotter JI, Cupples LA, Rich S, Kathiresan S, Orho-Melander M, Gudnason V, O'Donnell CJ, Post WS, Thanassoulis G; Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Extracoronary Calcium Working Group. Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related genetic variants with aortic valve calcium and incident aortic stenosis. JAMA. 2014 Nov 5;312(17):1764-71. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.13959.
- Background: PubMed 23388002Thanassoulis G, Campbell CY, Owens DS, Smith JG, Smith AV, Peloso GM, Kerr KF, Pechlivanis S, Budoff MJ, Harris TB, Malhotra R, O'Brien KD, Kamstrup PR, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Allison MA, Aspelund T, Criqui MH, Heckbert SR, Hwang SJ, Liu Y, Sjogren M, van der Pals J, Kalsch H, Muhleisen TW, Nothen MM, Cupples LA, Caslake M, Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson S, Wong Q, Erbel R, Kathiresan S, Melander O, Gudnason V, O'Donnell CJ, Post WS; CHARGE Extracoronary Calcium Working Group. Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 7;368(6):503-12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1109034.
- Background: PubMed 12045173Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M, Springett M, Sebo TC, Niekrasz M, McConnell JP, Singh RJ, Stone NJ, Bonow RO, Spelsberg TC. Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced cellular proliferation and bone matrix production in the rabbit aortic valve. Circulation. 2002 Jun 4;105(22):2660-5. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000017435.87463.72.
- Background: PubMed 17075015Weiss RM, Ohashi M, Miller JD, Young SG, Heistad DD. Calcific aortic valve stenosis in old hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation. 2006 Nov 7;114(19):2065-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634139. Epub 2006 Oct 30.
- Background: PubMed 15944423Cowell SJ, Newby DE, Prescott RJ, Bloomfield P, Reid J, Northridge DB, Boon NA; Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial, Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) Investigators. A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 9;352(23):2389-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043876.
- Background: PubMed 20048204Chan KL, Teo K, Dumesnil JG, Ni A, Tam J; ASTRONOMER Investigators. Effect of Lipid lowering with rosuvastatin on progression of aortic stenosis: results of the aortic stenosis progression observation: measuring effects of rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial. Circulation. 2010 Jan 19;121(2):306-14. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900027. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
- Background: PubMed 18765433Rossebo AB, Pedersen TR, Boman K, Brudi P, Chambers JB, Egstrup K, Gerdts E, Gohlke-Barwolf C, Holme I, Kesaniemi YA, Malbecq W, Nienaber CA, Ray S, Skjaerpe T, Wachtell K, Willenheimer R; SEAS Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 25;359(13):1343-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804602. Epub 2008 Sep 2.
- Background: PubMed 32347887Bergmark BA, O'Donoghue ML, Murphy SA, Kuder JF, Ezhov MV, Ceska R, Gouni-Berthold I, Jensen HK, Tokgozoglu SL, Mach F, Huber K, Gaciong Z, Lewis BS, Schiele F, Jukema JW, Pedersen TR, Giugliano RP, Sabatine MS. An Exploratory Analysis of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibition and Aortic Stenosis in the FOURIER Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jun 1;5(6):709-713. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0728.
- Background: PubMed 32623063Capoulade R, Cariou B. Editorial commentary: Lp(a) and calcific aortic valve stenosis: Direct LPA targeting or PCSK9-Lowering therapy? Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jul;31(5):312-314. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.06.009. Epub 2020 Jul 2. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30545459Poggio P, Songia P, Cavallotti L, Barbieri SS, Zanotti I, Arsenault BJ, Valerio V, Ferri N, Capoulade R, Camera M. PCSK9 Involvement in Aortic Valve Calcification. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 18;72(24):3225-3227. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.063. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Zhijian Wang principal investigator
Beijing Anzhen Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing PCSK9 inhibitors and statins with or without ezetimibe and Statins with or without ezetimibe in people with Aortic Stenosis, run by Beijing Anzhen Hospital at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 21 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 May 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Zhijian Wang (+8615711057972, zjwang1975@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The average annual change in peak aortic jet velocity (time frame: Up to 24 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04968509, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 May 2024.