TinnitusMaSTNCT04978142
MaST: MEG and Brain Stimulation in Tinnitus
A study testing transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in people with Tinnitus, run by University of Nottingham at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
Tinnitus is the awareness of a sound in the ear or head without any outside source. It affects around 15% of people in the UK. About 20% of people with tinnitus experience symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life including sleep disturbances, difficulties with hearing and concentration, social isolation… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Tinnitus
- What is being tested?
- transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 7 Dec 2020to 31 May 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18 years or over
- Have subjective tinnitus
- Able to read and understand English
- Safe to undergo tDCS (according to tDCS Safety Questionnaire)
- Safe to undergo MRI scanning (according to MRI Safety Screening Questionnaire)
Who cannot join
- Aged under 18 years
- No tinnitus
- Not able to read and understand English
- Not safe to undergo tDCS (according to tDCS Safety Questionnaire)
- Not safe to undergo MRI scanning (according to MRI Safety Screening Questionnaire)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
University of Nottingham, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG1 5DU
About this study
Official title: Transcranial Modulation of Oscillatory Brain Activity in People With Tinnitus: A Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) - Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Study
Tinnitus is the awareness of a sound in the ear or head without any outside source. It affects around 15% of people in the UK. About 20% of people with tinnitus experience symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life including sleep disturbances, difficulties with hearing and concentration, social isolation, anxiety, depression, irritation or stress. Most common clinical management strategies for tinnitus include education and advice combined with some form of sound therapy. The effects of these management options are, however, variable. Currently, the exact aetiology of tinnitus is unknown although maladaptive plasticity due to sensorineural hearing loss is thought to play a big role. Neuroimaging studies have pointed to over-activation or excessive spontaneous activity within the central auditory cortex. Furthermore, electrophysiological techniques have confirmed the frontal cortex's role in tinnitus through dysfunctional top-down modulation.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neurostimulation technique in which weak currents (1-2 mA's) are delivered to the brain, thereby depolarising or hyperpolarising neurons within the desired region of cortex. tDCS is a non-invasive and easy to apply tool, delivered by applying two surface electrode to a patients head. It has previously been used as a treatment for depression, stroke rehabilitation, and cognitive enhancement.
Read more
Some studies have indicated potential benefit of tDCS in tinnitus patients, but this has not yet been investigated within the UK. Neuromodulation therapies should deliver a permanent reduction in tinnitus percept by driving the neuroplastic changes necessary to interrupt abnormal levels of oscillatory cortical activity and restore typical levels of activity. This change in activity should alter or interrupt the tinnitus percept (reduce or extinguish) and this should be concomitant with a change in the level of self-reported tinnitus handicap. The currently ongoing Cochrane review of neuromodulation (desynchronisation) for tinnitus in adults found mixed evidence for the electrical stimulation therapies for tinnitus, including tDCS. However, the review also found that the most recent tDCS trials that have used greater numbers of treatment sessions found significant reductions in tinnitus symptom severity, anxiety, and depression. Authors concluded that these findings warrant further trials of tDCS. Research studies using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) suggested changes in oscillatory activity in different frequency bands that might be associated with tinnitus, however a consistent picture has not yet emerged. Reduction of this abnormal activity might signify a reduction in the level or perceived severity of TI and could potentially be used as a valuable indicator of the course of TI treatment.
In this project specific changes in brain activity that happen during a new treatment approach for tinnitus - transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)- will be investigated. This will help to determine how the treatment might work, whether specific brain activity may be a meaningful biological indicator or objective measure of tinnitus, and provide a reliable measure of treatment-related change; this has not yet been achieved in tinnitus research but is crucial.
Read the detailed description
Data collection session will involve the participant completing the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) and Demographics and Tinnitus History Questionnaire (D\&THQ), which will provide the investigators with information about their personal tinnitus history including subjective characteristics such as loudness. The D\&THQ consists of questions selected from the European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire (ESIT-SQ). Participants will undergo a standard hearing test, which will inform the investigators of any hearing loss. The participant's head shape will be digitized to aid in the spatial localization of the MEG signal. The participant will then undergo 40 minutes of MEG scanning (10 minutes of resting state without tDCS, 20 minutes of resting state MEG with either active or sham tDCS, and then another 10 minutes of resting state MEG without tDCS. The first 10 minutes will serve as a baseline of resting state oscillatory brain activity. The concurrent tDCS and MEG recording will allow the investigators to observe changes in oscillatory brain activity during tDCS. The last 10 minutes of MEG recording will allow the investigators to see whether any changes in oscillatory activity persist after the stimulation ends. After the MEG recording has finished, the participant will undergo an anatomical MRI scan. This will allow the investigators to take the participants' individual brain morphology into account when analysing the source of the MEG signal.
- Conditions
- Tinnitus
- Being tested
- transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
- Medical subject headings
- Tinnitus
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Device
Non-invasive neuromodulation employing a direct current, applied using a DC STIMULATOR PLUS manufactured by NeuroConn Technology by NeuroCare. This is a micro-processor-controlled constant current source. It meets the highest safety standards thanks to (hardware- and software-based) multistage monitoring of the current path. By continuously monitoring electrode impedance it can detect insufficient contact with the skin and automatically terminate stimulation. This is a reliable method of avoiding any injury to the patient.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Active | Experimental | Active tDCS stimulation at 2 mA for 20 minutes, with a 10 seconds of ramp-up and 10 seconds of ramp-down time as used in previous tinnitus studies. The stimulation will be delivered via two rubber electrodes attached using a layer of conductive paste (35 cm2). The anode will be placed over the right dlPFC and cathode over the left dlPFC). Receives: Device: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) |
| Sham | Sham comparator | Placebo stimulation is performed using the same current intensity, but only applied for 45 seconds in addition to the 10 second ramp-up and 10 second ramp-down periods. The electrode configuration and placement will be identical to the active stimulation. Receives: Device: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Oscillatory activity
Change in oscillatory resting state activity as measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Measured: Continuously for 10 minutes before the onset of the intervention, continuously for 20 minutes before the intervention, continuously for 10 minutes after the intervention
Connectivity
Change in functional neural connectivity as measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Measured: Continuously for 10 minutes before the onset of the intervention, continuously for 20 minutes before the intervention, continuously for 10 minutes after the intervention
Tinnitus loudness
Loudness of tinnitus percept as measured by visual analogue scale (0-10) with a higher score meaning louder tinnitus
Measured: Within 5 minutes after intervention
Secondary outcomes (2)
Blinding
Effectiveness of blinding using a questionnaire
Measured: Within 5 minutes after intervention
Adverse effects
Type and severity of adverse effects measured with adverse affects questionnaire
Measured: Within 5 minutes after intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jul 2021
- Study start7 Dec 2020
- Primary completion31 May 2022
- Study completion31 May 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for TinnitusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of NottinghamThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Nottingham
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Magdalena Sereda, University of Nottingham
- Investigators
- Magdalena N Sereda, PhD, Principal investigator, NIHR Nottingham BRC / University of NottinghamBas Labree, MSc, Study director, NIHR Nottingham BRC / University of Nottingham
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04978142
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 505-2003
- Acronym
- MaST
- Status last verified
- Sep 2022
- First submitted
- 29 Jun 2021
- Last updated
- 8 Sep 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Adjamian P, Sereda M, Hall DA. The mechanisms of tinnitus: perspectives from human functional neuroimaging. Hear Res. 2009 Jul;253(1-2):15-31. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.001. Epub 2009 Apr 11.
PubMed 19364527Adjamian P, Sereda M, Zobay O, Hall DA, Palmer AR. Neuromagnetic indicators of tinnitus and tinnitus masking in patients with and without hearing loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012 Oct;13(5):715-31. doi: 10.1007/s10162-012-0340-5. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
PubMed 22791191Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol. 2000 Sep 15;527 Pt 3(Pt 3):633-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x.
PubMed 10990547Genitsaridi E, Partyka M, Gallus S, Lopez-Escamez JA, Schecklmann M, Mielczarek M, Trpchevska N, Santacruz JL, Schoisswohl S, Riha C, Lourenco M, Biswas R, Liyanage N, Cederroth CR, Perez-Carpena P, Devos J, Fuller T, Edvall NK, Hellberg MP, D'Antonio A, Gerevini S, Sereda M, Rein A, Kypraios T, Hoare DJ, Londero A, Pryss R, Schlee W, Hall DA. Standardised profiling for tinnitus research: The European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire (ESIT-SQ). Hear Res. 2019 Jun;377:353-359. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.017. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
PubMed 30871820Faber M, Vanneste S, Fregni F, De Ridder D. Top down prefrontal affective modulation of tinnitus with multiple sessions of tDCS of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Brain Stimul. 2012 Oct;5(4):492-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.09.003. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PubMed 22019079Yadollahpour A, Mayo M, Saki N, Rashidi S, Bayat A. A chronic protocol of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation over auditory cortex for tinnitus treatment: Dataset from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. F1000Res. 2018 Jun 12;7:733. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.14971.1. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 30356442
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Sep 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Transcranial Modulation of Oscillatory Brain Activity in People With Tinnitus: A Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) - Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04978142
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MaST / 505-2003
- Conditions
- Tinnitus
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of NottinghamUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 May 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 May 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jul 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Tinnitus is the awareness of a sound in the ear or head without any outside source. It affects around 15% of people in the UK. About 20% of people with tinnitus experience symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life including sleep disturbances, difficulties with hearing and concentration, social isolation, anxiety, depression, irritation or stress. Most common clinical management strategies for tinnitus include education and advice combined with some form of sound therapy. The effects of these management options are, however, variable. Currently, the exact aetiology of tinnitus is unknown although maladaptive plasticity due to sensorineural hearing loss is thought to play a big role. Neuroimaging studies have pointed to over-activation or excessive spontaneous activity within the central auditory cortex. Furthermore, electrophysiological techniques have confirmed the frontal cortex's role in tinnitus through dysfunctional top-down modulation.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neurostimulation technique in which weak currents (1-2 mA's) are delivered to the brain, thereby depolarising or hyperpolarising neurons within the desired region of cortex. tDCS is a non-invasive and easy to apply tool, delivered by applying two surface electrode to a patients head. It has previously been used as a treatment for depression, stroke rehabilitation, and cognitive enhancement.
Some studies have indicated potential benefit of tDCS in tinnitus patients, but this has not yet been investigated within the UK. Neuromodulation therapies should deliver a permanent reduction in tinnitus percept by driving the neuroplastic changes necessary to interrupt abnormal levels of oscillatory cortical activity and restore typical levels of activity. This change in activity should alter or interrupt the tinnitus percept (reduce or extinguish) and this should be concomitant with a change in the level of self-reported tinnitus handicap. The currently ongoing Cochrane review of neuromodulation (desynchronisation) for tinnitus in adults found mixed evidence for the electrical stimulation therapies for tinnitus, including tDCS. However, the review also found that the most recent tDCS trials that have used greater numbers of treatment sessions found significant reductions in tinnitus symptom severity, anxiety, and depression. Authors concluded that these findings warrant further trials of tDCS. Research studies using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) suggested changes in oscillatory activity in different frequency bands that might be associated with tinnitus, however a consistent picture has not yet emerged. Reduction of this abnormal activity might signify a reduction in the level or perceived severity of TI and could potentially be used as a valuable indicator of the course of TI treatment.
In this project specific changes in brain activity that happen during a new treatment approach for tinnitus - transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)- will be investigated. This will help to determine how the treatment might work, whether specific brain activity may be a meaningful biological indicator or objective measure of tinnitus, and provide a reliable measure of treatment-related change; this has not yet been achieved in tinnitus research but is crucial.
Detailed description
Data collection session will involve the participant completing the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) and Demographics and Tinnitus History Questionnaire (D\&THQ), which will provide the investigators with information about their personal tinnitus history including subjective characteristics such as loudness. The D\&THQ consists of questions selected from the European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire (ESIT-SQ). Participants will undergo a standard hearing test, which will inform the investigators of any hearing loss. The participant's head shape will be digitized to aid in the spatial localization of the MEG signal. The participant will then undergo 40 minutes of MEG scanning (10 minutes of resting state without tDCS, 20 minutes of resting state MEG with either active or sham tDCS, and then another 10 minutes of resting state MEG without tDCS. The first 10 minutes will serve as a baseline of resting state oscillatory brain activity. The concurrent tDCS and MEG recording will allow the investigators to observe changes in oscillatory brain activity during tDCS. The last 10 minutes of MEG recording will allow the investigators to see whether any changes in oscillatory activity persist after the stimulation ends. After the MEG recording has finished, the participant will undergo an anatomical MRI scan. This will allow the investigators to take the participants' individual brain morphology into account when analysing the source of the MEG signal.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Active | Experimental | Device: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Active tDCS stimulation at 2 mA for 20 minutes, with a 10 seconds of ramp-up and 10 seconds of ramp-down time as used in previous tinnitus studies. The stimulation will be delivered via two rubber electrodes attached using a layer of conductive paste (35 cm2). The anode will be placed over the right dlPFC and cathode over the left dlPFC). |
| Sham | Sham comparator | Device: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Placebo stimulation is performed using the same current intensity, but only applied for 45 seconds in addition to the 10 second ramp-up and 10 second ramp-down periods. The electrode configuration and placement will be identical to the active stimulation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Aged 18 years or over
- Have subjective tinnitus
- Able to read and understand English
- Safe to undergo tDCS (according to tDCS Safety Questionnaire)
- Safe to undergo MRI scanning (according to MRI Safety Screening Questionnaire)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Aged under 18 years
- No tinnitus
- Not able to read and understand English
- Not safe to undergo tDCS (according to tDCS Safety Questionnaire)
- Not safe to undergo MRI scanning (according to MRI Safety Screening Questionnaire)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Non-invasive neuromodulation employing a direct current, applied using a DC STIMULATOR PLUS manufactured by NeuroConn Technology by NeuroCare. This is a micro-processor-controlled constant current source. It meets the highest safety standards thanks to (hardware- and software-based) multistage monitoring of the current path. By continuously monitoring electrode impedance it can detect insufficient contact with the skin and automatically terminate stimulation. This is a reliable method of avoiding any injury to the patient. | Device | Active, Sham |
Primary outcome
Oscillatory activity
Time frame: Continuously for 10 minutes before the onset of the intervention, continuously for 20 minutes before the intervention, continuously for 10 minutes after the intervention
Change in oscillatory resting state activity as measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Connectivity
Time frame: Continuously for 10 minutes before the onset of the intervention, continuously for 20 minutes before the intervention, continuously for 10 minutes after the intervention
Change in functional neural connectivity as measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Tinnitus loudness
Time frame: Within 5 minutes after intervention
Loudness of tinnitus percept as measured by visual analogue scale (0-10) with a higher score meaning louder tinnitus
2 secondary outcomes
Blinding
Time frame: Within 5 minutes after intervention
Adverse effects
Time frame: Within 5 minutes after intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Sep 2022.
- Background: PubMed 19364527Adjamian P, Sereda M, Hall DA. The mechanisms of tinnitus: perspectives from human functional neuroimaging. Hear Res. 2009 Jul;253(1-2):15-31. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.001. Epub 2009 Apr 11.
- Background: PubMed 22791191Adjamian P, Sereda M, Zobay O, Hall DA, Palmer AR. Neuromagnetic indicators of tinnitus and tinnitus masking in patients with and without hearing loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012 Oct;13(5):715-31. doi: 10.1007/s10162-012-0340-5. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
- Background: PubMed 10990547Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol. 2000 Sep 15;527 Pt 3(Pt 3):633-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x.
- Background: PubMed 30871820Genitsaridi E, Partyka M, Gallus S, Lopez-Escamez JA, Schecklmann M, Mielczarek M, Trpchevska N, Santacruz JL, Schoisswohl S, Riha C, Lourenco M, Biswas R, Liyanage N, Cederroth CR, Perez-Carpena P, Devos J, Fuller T, Edvall NK, Hellberg MP, D'Antonio A, Gerevini S, Sereda M, Rein A, Kypraios T, Hoare DJ, Londero A, Pryss R, Schlee W, Hall DA. Standardised profiling for tinnitus research: The European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire (ESIT-SQ). Hear Res. 2019 Jun;377:353-359. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.017. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
- Background: PubMed 22019079Faber M, Vanneste S, Fregni F, De Ridder D. Top down prefrontal affective modulation of tinnitus with multiple sessions of tDCS of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Brain Stimul. 2012 Oct;5(4):492-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.09.003. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
- Background: PubMed 30356442Yadollahpour A, Mayo M, Saki N, Rashidi S, Bayat A. A chronic protocol of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation over auditory cortex for tinnitus treatment: Dataset from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. F1000Res. 2018 Jun 12;7:733. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.14971.1. eCollection 2018.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Magdalena N Sereda, PhD principal investigator
NIHR Nottingham BRC / University of Nottingham
Bas Labree, MSc study director
NIHR Nottingham BRC / University of Nottingham
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in people with Tinnitus, run by University of Nottingham at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Sep 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Oscillatory activity (time frame: Continuously for 10 minutes before the onset of the intervention, continuously for 20 minutes before the intervention, continuously for 10 minutes after the intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04978142, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Sep 2022.