Sports Physical TherapyNCT05002712
Concurrent Training on the Performance of Team Sports Athletes
A study testing Heavy resistance training, Contrast strength training and Elastic resistance training in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study will add to the existing pool of knowledge with more appropriate sample size. The main purpose will be to provide coaches with a practical proposal for concurrent training(CT) to improve athletes' performance in mixed type sports and team sports. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Heavy resistance training, Contrast strength training and Elastic resistance training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2020to 31 Jan 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male athletes.
- Athletes participating in team sports.
- Those who have been new to the training and the duration of training period are not more than 03 months.
Who cannot join
- Experiencing symptoms from musculoskeletal injuries to the lower extremity.
- Any systemic pathology.
- Recent surgery.
- Participating in any other high strength/power training program during last 4 weeks of this time period.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Army Heritage Foundation (AHF), Ayub National Park
Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, 46000
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Concurrent Training on the Performance of Team Sports Athletes
This study will add to the existing pool of knowledge with more appropriate sample size. The main purpose will be to provide coaches with a practical proposal for concurrent training(CT) to improve athletes' performance in mixed type sports and team sports. This study, therefore, will test the aspects of CT by evaluating and comparing the training adaptations induced by three forms of strength training modes in CT. One mode will be of Heavy-Resistance training where athlete will perform exercise with 80-90% of their 1RM. Second mode will be of Contrast-Strength training that will alternate the use of heavy and light resistance exercises and third mode will be Elastic Resistance Training. In the present study, these three strength protocols will be balanced for sequence of exercise, volume, duration, and other variables, so that the protocols differed only in the intensity of strength training. Comparing their training adaptations therefore will enable evaluation of the role of different forms of strength training in CT outcomes on performance.
Read the detailed description
Sports performance is influenced by the interaction of several physical variables. For this reason, most sports need both strength and endurance capacities to maximize overall performance. Therefore, a combination of resistance and aerobic training, usually called concurrent training (CT), has been used recently as a way of simultaneously improving strength and aerobic performances according to the needs of a specific sport. This combination can be challenging and can influence training adaptations, being a problematic issue for coaches. Several investigators report that combined or concurrent training (CT), in which strength and aerobic endurance training are included in the same training sessions or program, interferes with the development of muscle strength or power. Reduction in strength adaptations from CT could result from neuromuscular fatigue induced by concurrent aerobic endurance exercise, which could limit the maximal muscle force that can be produced during resistance training. A converse reduction in aerobic capacity from concurrent training has seldom been reported. The reduction in strength adaptations from concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training has been termed the interference effect or phenomenon.
In contrast to interference, several investigators report compatibility of strength and endurance training, i.e., no reduction in strength adaptations from concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training. In sports applications, concurrent training has been reported to increase diverse measures of performance in basketball players, competitive rowers, endurance runners, soccer players, professional handball players, and competitive cyclists. These findings suggest that in athletes, at least, concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training has complimentary or synergic effects, rather than the contradictory or antagonistic effects implied by interference.
Therefore, clarifying the concurrent training effects is necessary and will have implications for medicine, science, sports, and recreational exercise. In sports, effects of CT i.e. interference or synergy are crucial to exercise physiologists, coaches, trainers, and athletes, who invest substantial time and resources to maximize training adaptations and competitive efficiency. Confirmation of synergy effect of CT, in contrast, could lead to more efficient athletic training protocols.
Although, some researches have de-emphasized aerobics in resistance training programs, for example, bodybuilders have portrayed aerobics as counterproductive to resistance training adaptations. On the contrary, however, several United States national certifying, training, and medical organizations recommend CT to maximize the benefits of exercise at all levels, including the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA).
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Heavy resistance training, Contrast strength training, Elastic resistance training
- Keywords
- Concurrent training,, High resistance training,, Contrast strength training,, Elastic resistance training,, Physical performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Heavy resistance trainingOther
Their training program included 4 resistance exercises with heavy weight lifting of the leg muscles. 3 sets of 6-8 repetitions of 80-90 % of maximal load were performed with a barbell squat (range of 0 to 90º knee flexion), lying leg curl, seated calf raises, and leg extension. The rests between the sets and the exercises lasted 5 minutes.
Contrast strength trainingOther
Their resistance training program contained the same exercises as the high resistance training group, but with different intensity. Athlete performed each exercise for the first time with 5-7 reps with 80 % of the 1RM load followed by 15-20 reps with 40 % of the maximal load to complete the 3 sets for each exercise. The rest period between series was 60 seconds and the rest period between exercises was 5 minutes. For example, 5 heavy barbell squats followed immediately by 20 squat with lighter weight to complete 3 sets.
Elastic resistance trainingOther
During the intervention, the group conducted a 'elastic resistance training' with the same muscle groups. External resistance was provided by blue thera-band latex-free exercise bands in this training. Each exercise was performed three times for a total of 15-25 repetitions. In between sets, a 5-minute rest period was given and there was a 25-second rest period in between exercise performance. The intensity of each exercise was increased with the black thera band at the midpoint (start of week 7) of the training. The following figure shows the resistance of the blue and black bands to 100 percent elongation. Following figure shows the resistance offered by blue and black band at 100% elongation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Heavy resistance training | Experimental | Group A Receives: Other: Heavy resistance training |
| Contrast strength training | Experimental | Group B Receives: Other: Contrast strength training |
| Elastic resistance training | Active comparator | Group C Receives: Other: Elastic resistance training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Vertical height jump test
The vertical jump test measures the power of lower-body. The athlete stands horizontally against a wall and reaches out with the hand nearest to the wall for the test. The point of the extended arm's fingertips is marked when holding the feet flat on the ground. This is the height at which you can hit while standing. The athlete then takes a step away from the wall and jumps as far as possible upwards, using both arms and legs to help move the body upwards. The attempt to touch the wall at the top of the jump is recorded again. The score is the difference in distance between the two reaching heights. The best of three attempts is recorded. It is also a valid (r=0.95) and reliable tool (r=0.97). Measure the height of your highest jump and then subtract your height from highest jump in cm/inch.
Measured: 6th week
1 Repetition Maximum (1RM)
Athletes are first advised to warm up with a light resistance that allows for 5-10 repetitions with ease. After a 1-minute rest time, a new load is determined by adding 10-20% to the warm-up load, which should allow for 3-5 repetitions. Estimate a near-maximum load that would allow for 2-3 repetitions after a 2-minute rest time by adding 10-20 percent again.
Measured: 6th week
505 Agility test
The 505 Agility test assess your ability to turn 180 degrees. As seen in the diagram, markers are positioned 5 and 15 metres apart from a line drawn on the ground. The runner runs from the 15 metre marker to the line, through the 5 metre markers, turns on the line, and runs back through the 5 metre markers (the run in distance is to build up speed). The time is taken from when the athletes run through the 5 metre marker for the first time, and it is halted when they return through these markers (that is, the time taken to cover the 5 m up and back distance - 10 m total).
Measured: 6th week
Speed of Change of Direction (COD)
An athlete's change of direction can also be measured by dividing his 505 time scored by 10m, the straight line distance. Formula will be: Speed of COD (m/sec) = 10m/score of 505 test in sec
Measured: 6th week
30 Meter Sprint Test
It includes running a single maximal sprint over a distance of 30 meters, taking two time trials and recording the best time to the nearest two decimal places. Start from a stationary position, one foot in front of the other. The front foot must be either on or behind the starting line. This starting position should also be retained for 2 seconds before starting and the stopwatch should be kept ready.
Measured: 6th week
YMCA Sit and Reach Test
The sit and reach test is a common method to evaluate lower back and hamstring flexibility. The athlete takes off his trainers, stretches and warms up properly, and then sits with his knees straight, bisecting a yardstick. The yardstick or tap is put on the floor between the subject's knees, and the heels must not move through the 15-inch section marked as 0. The athlete's hands are straight out in front of him on top of each other, and he slowly reaches out, reaching the yardstick and holding it for two seconds. The average of two trials is noted.
Measured: 6th week
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
The Yo-Yo test is a maximum aerobic endurance fitness test, involving running between markers 20 meters apart, at increasing speeds, until exhaustion. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test comes in two versions: Level 1 begins at 10 km/hr and is used by younger people, and Level 2 starts at 13 km/hr.
Measured: 6th week
VO2 max
It refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that can be used during exercise. It is widely used to measure aerobic endurance or cardiovascular fitness for athletes. Formula has been published to estimate VO2max (ml/min/kg) from Yo-Yo IR1 results and to obtain a fitness ranking.
- Formula : VO2max (ml/min/kg) = distance run (m) × 0.0084 + 36.4
Measured: 6th week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Aug 2021
- Study start1 Aug 2020
- Primary completion1 Aug 2020
- Study completion31 Jan 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Danish Latif, MSPT-SPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05002712
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/0783 Saima Tariq
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 5 Aug 2021
- Last updated
- 6 Oct 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Oct 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Concurrent Training on the Performance of Team Sports Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05002712
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/0783 Saima Tariq
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Concurrent training,, High resistance training,, Contrast strength training,, Elastic resistance training,, Physical performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jan 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will add to the existing pool of knowledge with more appropriate sample size. The main purpose will be to provide coaches with a practical proposal for concurrent training(CT) to improve athletes' performance in mixed type sports and team sports. This study, therefore, will test the aspects of CT by evaluating and comparing the training adaptations induced by three forms of strength training modes in CT. One mode will be of Heavy-Resistance training where athlete will perform exercise with 80-90% of their 1RM. Second mode will be of Contrast-Strength training that will alternate the use of heavy and light resistance exercises and third mode will be Elastic Resistance Training. In the present study, these three strength protocols will be balanced for sequence of exercise, volume, duration, and other variables, so that the protocols differed only in the intensity of strength training. Comparing their training adaptations therefore will enable evaluation of the role of different forms of strength training in CT outcomes on performance.
Detailed description
Sports performance is influenced by the interaction of several physical variables. For this reason, most sports need both strength and endurance capacities to maximize overall performance. Therefore, a combination of resistance and aerobic training, usually called concurrent training (CT), has been used recently as a way of simultaneously improving strength and aerobic performances according to the needs of a specific sport. This combination can be challenging and can influence training adaptations, being a problematic issue for coaches. Several investigators report that combined or concurrent training (CT), in which strength and aerobic endurance training are included in the same training sessions or program, interferes with the development of muscle strength or power. Reduction in strength adaptations from CT could result from neuromuscular fatigue induced by concurrent aerobic endurance exercise, which could limit the maximal muscle force that can be produced during resistance training. A converse reduction in aerobic capacity from concurrent training has seldom been reported. The reduction in strength adaptations from concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training has been termed the interference effect or phenomenon.
In contrast to interference, several investigators report compatibility of strength and endurance training, i.e., no reduction in strength adaptations from concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training. In sports applications, concurrent training has been reported to increase diverse measures of performance in basketball players, competitive rowers, endurance runners, soccer players, professional handball players, and competitive cyclists. These findings suggest that in athletes, at least, concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training has complimentary or synergic effects, rather than the contradictory or antagonistic effects implied by interference.
Therefore, clarifying the concurrent training effects is necessary and will have implications for medicine, science, sports, and recreational exercise. In sports, effects of CT i.e. interference or synergy are crucial to exercise physiologists, coaches, trainers, and athletes, who invest substantial time and resources to maximize training adaptations and competitive efficiency. Confirmation of synergy effect of CT, in contrast, could lead to more efficient athletic training protocols.
Although, some researches have de-emphasized aerobics in resistance training programs, for example, bodybuilders have portrayed aerobics as counterproductive to resistance training adaptations. On the contrary, however, several United States national certifying, training, and medical organizations recommend CT to maximize the benefits of exercise at all levels, including the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Heavy resistance training | Experimental | Other: Heavy resistance trainingGroup A |
| Contrast strength training | Experimental | Other: Contrast strength trainingGroup B |
| Elastic resistance training | Active comparator | Other: Elastic resistance trainingGroup C |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male athletes.
- Athletes participating in team sports.
- Those who have been new to the training and the duration of training period are not more than 03 months.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Experiencing symptoms from musculoskeletal injuries to the lower extremity.
- Any systemic pathology.
- Recent surgery.
- Participating in any other high strength/power training program during last 4 weeks of this time period.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Heavy resistance trainingTheir training program included 4 resistance exercises with heavy weight lifting of the leg muscles. 3 sets of 6-8 repetitions of 80-90 % of maximal load were performed with a barbell squat (range of 0 to 90º knee flexion), lying leg curl, seated calf raises, and leg extension. The rests between the sets and the exercises lasted 5 minutes. | Other | Heavy resistance training |
| Contrast strength trainingTheir resistance training program contained the same exercises as the high resistance training group, but with different intensity. Athlete performed each exercise for the first time with 5-7 reps with 80 % of the 1RM load followed by 15-20 reps with 40 % of the maximal load to complete the 3 sets for each exercise. The rest period between series was 60 seconds and the rest period between exercises was 5 minutes. For example, 5 heavy barbell squats followed immediately by 20 squat with lighter weight to complete 3 sets. | Other | Contrast strength training |
| Elastic resistance trainingDuring the intervention, the group conducted a 'elastic resistance training' with the same muscle groups. External resistance was provided by blue thera-band latex-free exercise bands in this training. Each exercise was performed three times for a total of 15-25 repetitions. In between sets, a 5-minute rest period was given and there was a 25-second rest period in between exercise performance. The intensity of each exercise was increased with the black thera band at the midpoint (start of week 7) of the training. The following figure shows the resistance of the blue and black bands to 100 percent elongation. Following figure shows the resistance offered by blue and black band at 100% elongation. | Other | Elastic resistance training |
Primary outcome
Vertical height jump test
Time frame: 6th week
The vertical jump test measures the power of lower-body. The athlete stands horizontally against a wall and reaches out with the hand nearest to the wall for the test. The point of the extended arm's fingertips is marked when holding the feet flat on the ground. This is the height at which you can hit while standing. The athlete then takes a step away from the wall and jumps as far as possible upwards, using both arms and legs to help move the body upwards. The attempt to touch the wall at the top of the jump is recorded again. The score is the difference in distance between the two reaching heights. The best of three attempts is recorded. It is also a valid (r=0.95) and reliable tool (r=0.97). Measure the height of your highest jump and then subtract your height from highest jump in cm/inch.
1 Repetition Maximum (1RM)
Time frame: 6th week
Athletes are first advised to warm up with a light resistance that allows for 5-10 repetitions with ease. After a 1-minute rest time, a new load is determined by adding 10-20% to the warm-up load, which should allow for 3-5 repetitions. Estimate a near-maximum load that would allow for 2-3 repetitions after a 2-minute rest time by adding 10-20 percent again.
505 Agility test
Time frame: 6th week
The 505 Agility test assess your ability to turn 180 degrees. As seen in the diagram, markers are positioned 5 and 15 metres apart from a line drawn on the ground. The runner runs from the 15 metre marker to the line, through the 5 metre markers, turns on the line, and runs back through the 5 metre markers (the run in distance is to build up speed). The time is taken from when the athletes run through the 5 metre marker for the first time, and it is halted when they return through these markers (that is, the time taken to cover the 5 m up and back distance - 10 m total).
Speed of Change of Direction (COD)
Time frame: 6th week
An athlete's change of direction can also be measured by dividing his 505 time scored by 10m, the straight line distance. Formula will be: Speed of COD (m/sec) = 10m/score of 505 test in sec
30 Meter Sprint Test
Time frame: 6th week
It includes running a single maximal sprint over a distance of 30 meters, taking two time trials and recording the best time to the nearest two decimal places. Start from a stationary position, one foot in front of the other. The front foot must be either on or behind the starting line. This starting position should also be retained for 2 seconds before starting and the stopwatch should be kept ready.
YMCA Sit and Reach Test
Time frame: 6th week
The sit and reach test is a common method to evaluate lower back and hamstring flexibility. The athlete takes off his trainers, stretches and warms up properly, and then sits with his knees straight, bisecting a yardstick. The yardstick or tap is put on the floor between the subject's knees, and the heels must not move through the 15-inch section marked as 0. The athlete's hands are straight out in front of him on top of each other, and he slowly reaches out, reaching the yardstick and holding it for two seconds. The average of two trials is noted.
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
Time frame: 6th week
The Yo-Yo test is a maximum aerobic endurance fitness test, involving running between markers 20 meters apart, at increasing speeds, until exhaustion. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test comes in two versions: Level 1 begins at 10 km/hr and is used by younger people, and Level 2 starts at 13 km/hr.
VO2 max
Time frame: 6th week
It refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that can be used during exercise. It is widely used to measure aerobic endurance or cardiovascular fitness for athletes. Formula has been published to estimate VO2max (ml/min/kg) from Yo-Yo IR1 results and to obtain a fitness ranking. - Formula : VO2max (ml/min/kg) = distance run (m) × 0.0084 + 36.4
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Oct 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Danish Latif, MSPT-SPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Heavy resistance training, Contrast strength training and Elastic resistance training in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Oct 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Vertical height jump test (time frame: 6th week). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Oct 2021.