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Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaNCT05028725

Novel Strategy for Early Detection of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A study testing EsophaCap Sponge, Chromoendoscopy and EsoCAN assay in people with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia, run by University of California, San Francisco at 2 sites in Tanzania.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

In the current protocol, we propose a study to evaluate a novel, combined esophageal sponge-methylation biomarker strategy for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as its precursor, esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
EsophaCap Sponge, Chromoendoscopy and EsoCAN assay
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
289 participants
Where
2 sitesTanzania
Study dates
16 May 2022to 31 Dec 2027
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • ESCC Cases (Group 1):
  • Male or female >= 18 years of age at screening visit.
  • Patients are currently seen for clinical care at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH)-Upanga or at MNH-Mloganzila.
  • Patient meets one of the following two criteria-
  • Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ESCC as evidenced by histological confirmation OR
  • Patient planned to undergo EGD with biopsy for suspected ESCC based upon any one of the following clinical criteria: (1) findings on computed tomography (CT) scan; (2) findings on barium swallow; (3) findings on endoscopy without biopsy confirmation, (4) symptoms of dysphagia and/or odynophagia without an alternative explanation for these symptoms.
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  • Patient must be able to swallow liquid (Ogilvie's score < 3).
  • Patients must be well enough to participate in a 20-minute interview or have a close relative who is able to do so on their behalf.
  • Patients must be willing to be contacted either in person or via phone 7-10 days following administration of the 'EsophaCap' sponge device.
  • Native of Tanzania.
  • Written informed consent (and assent when applicable) obtained from subject or subject's legal representative and ability for subject to comply with the requirements of the study.
  • Non-ESCC study participants (Group 2):
  • Male or female ≥ 18 years of age at screening visit.
  • Patients are currently seen for clinical care at MNH-Upanga or at MNH-Mloganzila.
  • Patient is scheduled to undergo EGD for a suspected non-malignant condition with no symptoms concerning for esophageal cancer (i.e. dysphagia or odynophagia).
  • Patient must be able to swallow liquid (Ogilvie's score < 3).
  • Patients must be well enough to participate in a 20-minute interview or have a close relative who is able to do so on their behalf.
  • Patients must be willing to be contacted either in person or via phone 7-10 days following administration of the 'EsophaCap' sponge device.
  • Native of Tanzania.
  • Written informed consent (and assent when applicable) obtained from participant or participant's legal representative and ability for subject to comply with the requirements of the study.

Who cannot join

  • ESCC Cases (Group 1):
  • Known pregnancy during participation in the study.
  • Presence of a condition or abnormality that in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data.
  • Clinical instability (i.e. hypotension or a recent cardiovascular event).
  • Any history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding within the past 3 months (including reported history of hematemesis and/or melena).
  • Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease within the last 3 months.
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  • Known history of esophageal varices.
  • Patients taking anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy/medication (warfarin, clopidogrel, aspirin, heparin or enoxaparin) for high-risk conditions.
  • Patients with an active extra-esophageal malignancy (not currently in remission).
  • Patient with a known history of a non-malignant esophageal stricture.
  • Patients with esophageal stents currently in place.
  • Patients with a history of radiation therapy to the head, neck, any part of the gastrointestinal tract (including esophagus) or thorax.
  • Patients who have previously received chemotherapy in the last 12 months
  • Patients with any history of major surgery for esophageal cancer (e.g. esophageal bypass, esophagectomy, etc.).
  • Patients who have a known history of or clinical symptoms concerning for tracheoesophageal fistula (aspiration history, severe cough)
  • Patients with a known history of small bowel obstruction
  • Patients with a history of bleeding complications during esophageal biopsy.
  • Patients with any history of a head and neck malignancy.
  • Patients with a known bleeding disorder
  • Patients with known thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000 platelets per microliter)
  • Individuals who are not permanent residents or natives of Tanzania.
  • Inability to follow instructions.
  • Unable to provide informed consent.
  • Non-ESCC study participants (Group 2):
  • Known pregnancy during participation in the study.
  • Presence of a condition or abnormality that in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data.
  • Clinical instability (i.e. hypotension or a recent cardiovascular event).
  • Any history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding within the past 3 months (including reported history of hematemesis and/or melena).
  • Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease within the last 3 months.
  • Known history of esophageal varices.
  • Patients taking anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy/medication (warfarin, clopidogrel, aspirin, heparin or enoxaparin) for high-risk conditions.
  • Patients with an active extra-esophageal malignancy (not currently in remission) or any history of a non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed within the previous five years.
  • Patient with a known history of esophageal strictures disabling passage of the capsule.
  • Patient with esophageal stents currently in place.
  • Patients with a history of radiation therapy to the head, neck, any part of the gastrointestinal tract (including esophagus) or thorax.
  • Patients with a known history of small bowel obstruction
  • Patients with a known bleeding disorder
  • Patients with known thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000 platelets per microliter)
  • Individuals who are not permanent residents or natives of Tanzania.
  • Allergy to iodine
  • Presence of goiter.
  • Inability to follow instructions.
  • Unable to provide informed consent

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Geoffrey Buckle, MD, MPH contact

508-380-9129

geoffrey.buckle@ucsf.edu

Tanzania2 sites, 2 recruiting
  • Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH)

    Dar es Salaam, Mloganzila

    Yona Ringo, +255 756 680 746, yona.skills@gmail.com

    Recruiting
  • Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH)

    Dar es Salaam, Upganda

    Yona Ringo, +255 756 680 746, yona.skills@gmail.com

    Recruiting

Other trials in Tanzania

About this study

Official title: Investigation of a Novel Strategy for Early Detection of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In the current protocol, we propose a study to evaluate a novel, combined esophageal sponge-methylation biomarker strategy for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as its precursor, esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD). This strategy leverages the 'EsophaCap', a swallowable, retrievable sponge, with subsequent evaluation of the sample using a novel molecular biomarker assay. This biomarker assay evaluates methylation levels in select genes, which have been shown to differ significantly between ESCC cases and controls in pilot studies. Detection of methylation markers highly associated with ESCC could help identify patients with concurrent ESCC or at high risk of imminently developing this condition. If successful, this strategy could result in a paradigm shift for esophageal cancer control strategies in Tanzania and other high-incidence ESCC regions.

Read the detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

  1. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic strategy combining esophageal sponge sampling with the 'EsophaCap' sponge device with use of the EsoCAN assay, a novel molecular biomarker assay, among patients with histologically-confirmed ESCC cases and controls.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

  1. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic strategy combining esophageal sponge sampling with the 'EsophaCap' sponge device with use of the the EsoCAN assay, among patients with histologically-confirmed ESD and controls.

II. To evaluate the safety and feasibility of 'EsophaCap' a swallowable and retrievable sponge, as a non-invasive strategy for screening and early detection of ESCC and its precursor, ESD, in Tanzania.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

  1. Sensitivity and specificity of esophageal sponge sampling with standard cytological examination among histologically-confirmed ESCC cases and controls.

II. Sensitivity and specificity of esophageal sponge sampling with standard cytological examination among histologically-confirmed ESD cases and controls.

III. To examine methylation levels in new and previously identified genes among patients recruited as suspected ESCC cases who are found to have an alternative diagnosis, with the goal of optimizing the EsoCAN Assay.

OUTLINE:

Each participant will undergo esophageal sponge sampling suing the 'EsophaCap' sponge device. Participants will be on study for up to 38 days.

Being tested
EsophaCap Sponge, Chromoendoscopy, EsoCAN assay
Keywords
EsophaCap, Biomarker Detection, Cancer Detection, Chromoendoscopic screening
Medical subject headings
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • EsophaCap SpongeDevice

    Also called EsophaCap Sponge Device, EsophaCap Swallowable Sponge device

    Non-invasive strategy to sample esophageal tissue

  • ChromoendoscopyProcedure or surgery

    Also called Lugol's iodine chromoendoscopy, Chromoendoscopic screening

    Lugol's iodine chromoendoscopy is a technique that is used to identify mucosal abnormalities of the esophagus

  • EsoCAN assayDevice

    Biomarker Test

Study groups in NCT05028725
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) CasesExperimentalEach study participant will undergo esophageal sponge sampling using the 'EsophaCap' sponge device. Group 1 will include a safety-phase, which will consist of a lead-in cohort of 8 patients with ESCC. Subsequent recruitment of ESCC Cases (Group 1) will not commence until the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has deemed the safety lead-in data appropriate for continuation. Following collection of esophageal cells, samples will be assessed using the EsoCAN assay. Study participant evaluations will be taken at baseline, immediately after undergoing esophageal sponge sampling, and 7 days following administration of the 'EsophaCap' device.
Receives: Device: EsophaCap Sponge; Device: EsoCAN assay
Non-ESCC, Esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) CasesExperimentalEach study participant will undergo (1) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with chromoendoscopic screening and possible biopsy, and (2) esophageal sponge sampling using the 'EsophaCap' sponge device. Pathology from chromoendoscopic screening will be used to categorize non-ESCC study participants as esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) cases and controls. Following collection of esophageal cells, samples will be assessed using the EsoCAN assay. Study participant evaluations will be taken at baseline, immediately after undergoing esophageal sponge sampling, and 7 days following administration of the 'EsophaCap' device.
Receives: Device: EsophaCap Sponge; Procedure: Chromoendoscopy; Device: EsoCAN assay
Non-ESCC, Control GroupExperimentalEach study participant will undergo (1) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with chromoendoscopic screening and possible biopsy, and (2) esophageal sponge sampling using the 'EsophaCap' sponge device. Pathology from chromoendoscopic screening will be used to categorize non-ESCC study participants as esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) cases and controls. Following collection of esophageal cells, samples will be assessed using the EsoCAN assay. Study participant evaluations will be taken at baseline, immediately after undergoing esophageal sponge sampling, and 7 days following administration of the 'EsophaCap' device.
Receives: Device: EsophaCap Sponge; Procedure: Chromoendoscopy; Device: EsoCAN assay

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Proportion of True-Positives (sensitivity) detected with the EsoCAN assay after specimen collection using 'EsophaCap' sponge sampling (ESCC cases & controls only)

    The proportion of participants with a positive EsoCAN assay result, among patients with histologically-confirmed Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). The following equation will be used as a cut point for ESCC using the EsoCAN assay [0.139*log2(gene A)] + [0.176* log2(gene B)] + [0.185* log2(gene C)], whereas a cutoff value (for the numerical index produced by this formula) of greater than -2.327 is classified as positive.

    Measured: Up to 38 days

  2. Proportion of True-Negatives (specificity) detected with the EsoCAN assay after specimen collection using 'EsophaCap' sponge sampling (ESCC cases & controls only)

    The proportion of participants with a negative EsoCAN assay result for will be reported, among study participants who are classified as controls. The following equation will be used as a cut point for ESCC using the EsoCAN assay [0.139*log2(gene A)] + [0.176* log2(gene B)] + [0.185* log2(gene C)], whereas a cutoff value (for the numerical index produced by this formula) of less than -2.327 is classified as negative.

    Measured: Up to 38 days

Secondary outcomes (5)
  1. Proportion of True-Positives (sensitivity) detected with the EsoCAN assay after specimen collection using 'EsophaCap' sponge sampling (ESD cases & controls only)

    The proportion of participants with both a positive EsoCAN assay result, among patients with histologically-confirmed Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia (ESD). The following equation will be used as a cut point for ESD: [0.139*log2(gene A)] + [0.176* log2(gene B)] + [0.185* log2(gene C)], whereas a cutoff value (for the numerical index produced by this formula) of greater than -2.327 is classified as positive.

    Measured: Up to 38 days

  2. Proportion of True-Negatives (specificity) detected with the EsoCAN assay after specimen collection using 'EsophaCap' sponge sampling (ESD cases & controls only)

    The proportion of participants with a negative EsoCAN assay result will be reported. The following equation will be used as a cut point for ESD: [0.139*log2(gene A)] + [0.176* log2(gene B)] + [0.185* log2(gene C)], whereas a cutoff value (for the numerical index produced by this formula) of less than -2.327 is classified as negative.

    Measured: Up to 38 days

  3. Proportion of study participants who successfully swallow the esophageal sponge device

    The success of swallowing the esophageal sponge device will be determined by the clinical team overseeing the EsophaCap' administration and categorized as a dichotomous response of Yes (successful) or No (not successful).

    Measured: Up to 38 days

  4. Proportion of study participants who experienced an esophageal sponge device-related adverse event in the lead in cohort of ESCC Cases

    Adverse events for the lead in cohort with histologically confirmed or suspected ESCC based upon pre-specified clinical criteria will be reported and graded and classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0

    Measured: Up to 38 days

  5. Median Acceptability Scores

    Participants will be asked to rate their satisfaction with their experience with the EsophaCap sponge procedure after the procedure is complete by selecting a score on a scale with corresponding facial images with scores ranging between 0='Best Experience' (large smile on facial expression) to 10='Worst experience' (crying and frowning facial expression).

    Measured: Up to 38 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted31 Aug 2021
  2. Study start16 May 2022
  3. Primary completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Diagnosis
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
289 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05028725
Sponsor's protocol ID
21457
Other IDs
5UH3CA211457-04, NCI-2021-08885
Status last verified
Jul 2026
First submitted
25 Aug 2021
Last updated
23 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing EsophaCap Sponge, Chromoendoscopy and EsoCAN assay in people with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia, run by University of California, San Francisco at 2 sites in Tanzania.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 20 inclusion and 43 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in Tanzania. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Geoffrey Buckle, MD, MPH (508-380-9129, geoffrey.buckle@ucsf.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Proportion of True-Positives (sensitivity) detected with the EsoCAN assay after specimen collection using 'EsophaCap' sponge sampling (ESCC cases & controls only) (time frame: Up to 38 days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jul 2026.

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