Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2NCT05029804
Effect of Walking Exercise Training on Adherence to Disease Management and Metabolic Control in Diabetes
A study testing Education in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 and Exercise, run by Ege University.
Trial summary
This study aims to determine the effects of a transtheoretical model-based walking exercise training and disease management and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted as a pre-test and post-test experiment with 30 intervention and 30 control individuals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise, Walking Pneumonia
- What is being tested?
- Education
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 30 Sep 2021to 30 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients who diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 6 months. Received insulin and/or oral antidiabetic treatment, literate, and having no communication problems, between the ages of 18 and 65, whose arterial blood pressure is in range of systolic ≤ 160mmHg and diastolic ≤ 100mmHg, who had HbA1c between 7-9 % will be included in the study. The patients who agree to participate in the study (voluntarily) and who have no objection to exercising with cardiology consultation will be included in the study.
Who cannot join
- Participants with diabetes-related (severe) complications and diabetic foot, pregnancy, diagnosed with cancer, having physical and mental problems that prevent walking will be excluded from the study. HA1C over 9 - despite the treatment (will be referred to the doctor for treatment change). Patients with blood sugar above 300 - despite treatment (will be referred to their doctor for a change in treatment).
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Walking Exercise Training Based on the Theoretical Model on Adherence to Disease Management and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Study
This study aims to determine the effects of a transtheoretical model-based walking exercise training and disease management and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted as a pre-test and post-test experiment with 30 intervention and 30 control individuals. The intervention group will receive the transtheoretical model-based exercise training. The intervention group will be followed-up for 6 months (from 0 to 6 months) to determine the patients' behavioral changes after the training will be completed.
Read the detailed description
This study aims to determine the effects of a transtheoretical model-based walking exercise training and disease management and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted as a pre-test and post-test experimental model with 30 intervention and 30 control individuals. The intervention group will receive the transtheoretical model-based exercise training. Data will be collected using patient a identification form, Patient Compliance Scale to the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, transtheoretical model scales, pedometer and metabolic outcomes. Data will be analyzed by using Chi square, two-way ANOVA to determine the difference between two or more independent/dependent groups and Spearman's correlation to determine the relationship between two groups.
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise, Walking Pneumonia, Diabetes
- Being tested
- Education
- Keywords
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Transtheoritical Model, Walking, Exercise
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Motor Activity, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma, Diabetes Mellitus
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
EducationOther
This intervention will be applied to the patients in the experimental group. The education will be provided by the researcher and based on the transtheoritical model. Printed materials and PowerPoint presentations will be used for the education and the education will be conducted in a face-to-face session with each participant (10 weeks).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | After the initial assessment, patients in this group will be educated by the researcher on walking exercise by using the transtheoritical model. The data will be collected from the patients in the experimental group at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of the programme.
The data will be collected by using Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire, Exercise Processes of Change Scale, Pedometer, Patient Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Scale, and patient identification that includes five domain. These domains include questions about the patients' sociodemographic characteristics, habits, knowledge of diabetes and its treatment, exercise status, and the evaluation of the metabolic control variables. Receives: Other: Education |
| Control | No intervention | No intervention will be applied to this group. The data will be collected from the patients in the control group at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. The data will be collected by using Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire, Exercise Processes of Change Scale, Pedometer, Patient Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Scale, and patient identification that includes five domain. These domains included questions about the patients' sociodemographic characteristics, habits, knowledge of diabetes and its treatment, exercise status, and the evaluation of the metabolic control variables. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Metabolic Parameters 1
Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL), the fasting blood glucose will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.sample from the patients.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Metabolic Parameters 2
HbA1c (both % and mmol/mol), the HbA1c will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Metabolic Parameters 3
Total cholesterol (mg/dL), the total cholesterol will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Metabolic Parameters 4
Creatinine (mg/dL), the creatinine will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire
Prochaska et al. (1992) studied how people change. Marcus et al. developed a structured questionnaire to measure the stages of exercise changes. Ay and Temel (2015) adapted the questionnaire to Turkish society. The scale consists of five questions about the patient's stage of change (prethinking, thinking, preparation, taking action, and maintenance). In the pre-thinking stage, the patients do not plan to start exercise now or during the next 6 months. The patients in the thinking stage do not make an effort to exercise actively, but intend to start in the next 6 months. The patients in the preparation stage intend to start exercising regularly in the next 30 days. The patients in the taking action stage have started exercising within the last 6 months. The patients in the maintenance stage continue to change over the course of the action, exercise more than 6 months and are confident and determined not to return to previous behavior.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Exercise Processes of Change Scale
The exercise processes of change scale was developed by Marcus et al. and adapted to Turkish society by Ay and Temel. Exercise processes of change is based on a 5-point Likert type scale and consists of 28 items. The maximum score that a patient can obtain on the scale is 140, the minimum score is 28. The scale consists of 10 sub-dimensions and two main processes (behavioral and cognitive). Behavioral processes are opposition, helping relationships, empowerment management, self-emancipation and stimulus control. Cognitive processes are increased awareness, dramatic help, environmental reassessment, self reassessment, social independence. The higher the scale score is indicates a higher success of the change. In this study, the general Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.96 (behavioral process = 0.94 and cognitive process = 0.93).
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Patient Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Scale
This scale consists of 30 questions and a five-point Likert type rating is used. There are 13 positive and 17 negative items in the scale. Scoring ranges from 1 to 5 for positive items, and reverse scoring ranges from 5 to 1 for negative items. The highest score obtained from the scale is 150, the lowest score is 30. 30-54 points from the scale indicates "good adherence to treatment", 55-125 points "medium adherence to treatment", and 126-150 points indicate that the patient's adherence to treatment is poor. The scale was developed by Demirtaş and Albayrak for use in Turkish society. Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.77.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Pedometer
A pedometer is a portable, small, inexpensive, and objective tool used to measure the number of steps. The pedometer includes a mechanical motion sensitive sensor that detects movements during walking. To prevent diseases and encourage healthy lifestyles, 150 minutes exercise and 10,000 steps per day are recommended. The researcher will provide participants with Omron brand HJ-320-E model pedometers to record 7days of activity data. These records were used to calculate the average number of steps per day.
Measured: The change in 6 months from baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Sep 2021
- Study start30 Sep 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Sep 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Dec 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ege UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Controlled Study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ege University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gulengul Mermer, Ege University
- Investigators
- Gulengul Mermer, Study director, Ege Uninersity
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05029804
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Type2DiabetesEge
- Status last verified
- Aug 2021
- First submitted
- 19 Aug 2021
- Last updated
- 1 Sep 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: We do not plan to share individual participant data to other researchers
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Sep 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Walking Exercise Training Based on the Theoretical Model on Adherence to Disease Management and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05029804
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Type2DiabetesEge
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise, Walking Pneumonia, Diabetes
- Keywords
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Transtheoritical Model, Walking, Exercise
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Ege UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Sep 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to determine the effects of a transtheoretical model-based walking exercise training and disease management and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted as a pre-test and post-test experiment with 30 intervention and 30 control individuals. The intervention group will receive the transtheoretical model-based exercise training. The intervention group will be followed-up for 6 months (from 0 to 6 months) to determine the patients' behavioral changes after the training will be completed.
Detailed description
This study aims to determine the effects of a transtheoretical model-based walking exercise training and disease management and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted as a pre-test and post-test experimental model with 30 intervention and 30 control individuals. The intervention group will receive the transtheoretical model-based exercise training. Data will be collected using patient a identification form, Patient Compliance Scale to the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, transtheoretical model scales, pedometer and metabolic outcomes. Data will be analyzed by using Chi square, two-way ANOVA to determine the difference between two or more independent/dependent groups and Spearman's correlation to determine the relationship between two groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Controlled Study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Other: EducationAfter the initial assessment, patients in this group will be educated by the researcher on walking exercise by using the transtheoritical model. The data will be collected from the patients in the experimental group at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of the programme. The data will be collected by using Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire, Exercise Processes of Change Scale, Pedometer, Patient Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Scale, and patient identification that includes five domain. These domains include questions about the patients' sociodemographic characteristics, habits, knowledge of diabetes and its treatment, exercise status, and the evaluation of the metabolic control variables. |
| Control | No intervention | –No intervention will be applied to this group. The data will be collected from the patients in the control group at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. The data will be collected by using Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire, Exercise Processes of Change Scale, Pedometer, Patient Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Scale, and patient identification that includes five domain. These domains included questions about the patients' sociodemographic characteristics, habits, knowledge of diabetes and its treatment, exercise status, and the evaluation of the metabolic control variables. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients who diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 6 months. Received insulin and/or oral antidiabetic treatment, literate, and having no communication problems, between the ages of 18 and 65, whose arterial blood pressure is in range of systolic ≤ 160mmHg and diastolic ≤ 100mmHg, who had HbA1c between 7-9 % will be included in the study. The patients who agree to participate in the study (voluntarily) and who have no objection to exercising with cardiology consultation will be included in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants with diabetes-related (severe) complications and diabetic foot, pregnancy, diagnosed with cancer, having physical and mental problems that prevent walking will be excluded from the study. HA1C over 9 - despite the treatment (will be referred to the doctor for treatment change). Patients with blood sugar above 300 - despite treatment (will be referred to their doctor for a change in treatment).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| EducationThis intervention will be applied to the patients in the experimental group. The education will be provided by the researcher and based on the transtheoritical model. Printed materials and PowerPoint presentations will be used for the education and the education will be conducted in a face-to-face session with each participant (10 weeks). | Other | Intervention Group |
Primary outcome
Metabolic Parameters 1
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL), the fasting blood glucose will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.sample from the patients.
Metabolic Parameters 2
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
HbA1c (both % and mmol/mol), the HbA1c will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.
Metabolic Parameters 3
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
Total cholesterol (mg/dL), the total cholesterol will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.
Metabolic Parameters 4
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
Creatinine (mg/dL), the creatinine will be assessed by taking blood sample from the patients.
Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
Prochaska et al. (1992) studied how people change. Marcus et al. developed a structured questionnaire to measure the stages of exercise changes. Ay and Temel (2015) adapted the questionnaire to Turkish society. The scale consists of five questions about the patient's stage of change (prethinking, thinking, preparation, taking action, and maintenance). In the pre-thinking stage, the patients do not plan to start exercise now or during the next 6 months. The patients in the thinking stage do not make an effort to exercise actively, but intend to start in the next 6 months. The patients in the preparation stage intend to start exercising regularly in the next 30 days. The patients in the taking action stage have started exercising within the last 6 months. The patients in the maintenance stage continue to change over the course of the action, exercise more than 6 months and are confident and determined not to return to previous behavior.
Exercise Processes of Change Scale
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
The exercise processes of change scale was developed by Marcus et al. and adapted to Turkish society by Ay and Temel. Exercise processes of change is based on a 5-point Likert type scale and consists of 28 items. The maximum score that a patient can obtain on the scale is 140, the minimum score is 28. The scale consists of 10 sub-dimensions and two main processes (behavioral and cognitive). Behavioral processes are opposition, helping relationships, empowerment management, self-emancipation and stimulus control. Cognitive processes are increased awareness, dramatic help, environmental reassessment, self reassessment, social independence. The higher the scale score is indicates a higher success of the change. In this study, the general Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.96 (behavioral process = 0.94 and cognitive process = 0.93).
Patient Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Scale
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
This scale consists of 30 questions and a five-point Likert type rating is used. There are 13 positive and 17 negative items in the scale. Scoring ranges from 1 to 5 for positive items, and reverse scoring ranges from 5 to 1 for negative items. The highest score obtained from the scale is 150, the lowest score is 30. 30-54 points from the scale indicates "good adherence to treatment", 55-125 points "medium adherence to treatment", and 126-150 points indicate that the patient's adherence to treatment is poor. The scale was developed by Demirtaş and Albayrak for use in Turkish society. Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.77.
Pedometer
Time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline
A pedometer is a portable, small, inexpensive, and objective tool used to measure the number of steps. The pedometer includes a mechanical motion sensitive sensor that detects movements during walking. To prevent diseases and encourage healthy lifestyles, 150 minutes exercise and 10,000 steps per day are recommended. The researcher will provide participants with Omron brand HJ-320-E model pedometers to record 7days of activity data. These records were used to calculate the average number of steps per day.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Sep 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. We do not plan to share individual participant data to other researchers
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gulengul Mermer study director
Ege Uninersity
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Education in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 and Exercise, run by Ege University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Sep 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Gulengul Mermer, Ph.D (+902323115536, gulengulmermer@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Metabolic Parameters 1 (time frame: The change in 6 months from baseline). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Sep 2021.