Sports Physical TherapyNCT05045521
Comparison of Plyometric and Resistance Warmup on Running Performance in Athlets
A study testing plyometric warm up group and resistance warm up in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Background: Active Warm up is one of the best and commonly used techniques in athletes that can induce special type of cardiovascular and metabolic changes that can bring the prominent change in running performance. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 25 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- plyometric warm up group and resistance warm up
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 33 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2020to 10 Aug 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 25 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- • Both male and female gender
- Volunteers between age 19 to 25 years
- Having total exercise load less than 5 hours per week
- BMI having between 18.5kg/m2 to 25kg/m2
- Must fulfill the 10 minutes' walk test on treadmill before starting the warmup (8).
Who cannot join
- • Any cardiovascular and neurological diseases,
- Suffering from any musculoskeletal injuries; Any history of traumatic injuries
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Plyometric and Resistance Warmup on Running Performance in Recreational Athletes
Background: Active Warm up is one of the best and commonly used techniques in athletes that can induce special type of cardiovascular and metabolic changes that can bring the prominent change in running performance. Warm up prepares the body to withstand the high intensity exercises and improves the athletic performance and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury.
Objective: The objectives of study are to compare two types of warm up resistance and plyometric warm up in recreational athletes to improve running performance.
Read the detailed description
Warm up is initial practices before starting exercise with usual concept to enhance the overall performance generally known as warm up. Often prior to initiate specific sport it is recommended to do cardiovascular warm like stretching for at least 10 to 20 minutes. As believed by and proven to many sport coaches that warm up decline the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, improve player performance in particular sport by helps to upgrade body temperature, excel the muscle potential, decrease muscle stiffness as well as resistance, regulate muscle contractile units, increase heart rate and blood flow toward muscles, increase oxygen saturation, improve and regulate neuro-muscular electrical signals to achieve best outcome in competition.
Types of Warm Up:
Different types of warm up like active, passive and mixed regimes are generally recommended previous to any sport, different researches and studies have been conducted to seek the effects of various warm up protocols and their impact on athletes performance. Stretching, treadmill walking, plyometric exercises are frequently directed for warm up.
Plyometric warmup are heavy strength regimes may include works out like jumping, additionally called plyometric works out, ordinarily used to expand strength through the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). This sort of preparing is a profoundly successful neuromuscular boost, with the benefit of requiring low physical space, time and it also require less training equipment to finish the training sittings. Present moment plyometric programs positively affect endurance running execution or running economy.
Resistance training improvement can improve running mechanics. Improved biomechanical efficiency and improved joint activation and coordination of leg muscles may enable a reduction in relative workload. Improved Running Mechanisms Combining neuromuscular efficiency and strength can reduce oxygen consumption and thus improve running economy and ultimately performance Indeed, the combination of HRT and plyometric training may facilitate further improvements in the running economy through the accumulation of adaptations previously observed when any type of training is run alone.
Previously investigated the effects of short term resistance training program and plyometric training on fitness performance in boys aged 12 to 15 years and concluded that plyometric training improved the running velocity. A study effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys it stated that plyometric training programme causes higher muscle tension compared to resistance training and energy is more stored and released during muscle shortening for this reason plyometric training is widely recommended for improving the running economy. A study was done on The Impact of Resistance Training on Distance Running Performance concluded that the running economy improved up to 8% with the help of resistance training programme but it improves the running performance in only trained runners. Even a small improvement in running economy could have a large impact on distance running performance, particularly in longer events, such as marathons or ultra-marathon. A study Effects of plyometric training on endurance and explosive strength performance in competitive middle- and long-distance runners.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- plyometric warm up group, resistance warm up, control warm up group
- Keywords
- Flexibility, Plyometric warm up, resistance warm up, running performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
plyometric warm up groupOther
participants will be asked to do 10 minutes self-paced jog on motorized treadmill.
During the plyometric intervention, subjects will perform the 2 * 8 squat jumps, 2 * 8 scissor jumps, and 2 * 8 double leg bounds (2 sets of 8 repetitions) as a part of warm-up, and will have 60 s to recover between each set. Prior to the intervention, participants will be shown the technique to be used during jumping through use of three videos.
resistance warm upOther
participants will be asked to do 10 minutes self-paced jog on motorized treadmill.
After the jog participants will perform the 6*10s strides with the 15% of the weight. Velocity of the strides will be controlled by the participants.
Warmup will be followed by the 10minutes rest
control warm up groupOther
participants will be asked to do 10 minutes self-paced jog on a motorized treadmill.
After the jog participants will perform the 6*10s strides without the weight. Velocity of the strides will be controlled by the participants. Warmup will be followed by the 10minutes rest The total amount of time spended in each of the three warm-up protocols will be recorded. Participants will be instructed to wear the same pair of running shoes during the three tests.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| plyometric warm up group | Experimental | set of active exercises used as warm up protocol. Receives: Other: plyometric warm up group |
| resistance warm up group | Experimental | warm up protocol on treadmill wearing weighted jacket Receives: Other: resistance warm up |
| control | Active comparator | warm up protocol on treadmill without weights Receives: Other: control warm up group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Incremental Test. (Time of Exhaustion)
Initial velocity will be 7 km h/1 and increased by 1 km h/1every 3 min up to 10 km h/1. The gradient of the motorized treadmill will be set at 1% to simulate the air resistance that athletes experience on an outdoor track. During the incremental test, at 10 km h/1, the gradient will be increased by 2.5% every 2 min until exhaustion. total distance and the time of exhaustion was noted.
Measured: day 1
Secondary outcomes (4)
Modified Borg Scale (Rate of Perceived Exertion)
The Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale developed by Swedish researcher Gunnar Borg is a tool for measuring an individual's effort and exertion, breathlessness and fatigue during physical work and so is highly relevant for occupational health and safety practice. In its simplest terms, it provides a measure of how hard it feels that the body is working based on the phys¬ical sensations that the subject experiences. the scale ranges from 0-10 with 0 at no exertion and 10 at maximum exertion.
Measured: day 1
Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS)
How effectively do you think the warm-up was in preparation for racing and requested to rate their readiness from 1 (not effective at all) to 10 (extremely effective). Please mark an "X" on the number line which describes your global fatigue with 0 being worst and 10 being normal.
Measured: day 1
Cardiopulmonary Yo- Yo Test. (Endurance Competition)
The main objective of the Yo Y o test is to measure the ability to repeatedly perform intense exercise including the potential to rapidly recover from such exercise. During the Yo Yo test, participants perform repeated 2 × 20-m runs at progressively increasing speed, intermitted by 10-s periods of active recovery (2 × 5 m). The test is performed until total exhaustion of the participant is reached.
Measured: day 2
sargent jump test
Ten mins rest after warm up sargent jump test for the determination of lower limb power the person jumps as high as he can for 3 times to reach at the highest distance on wall.
Measured: day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Sep 2021
- Study start1 Sep 2020
- Primary completion30 Jun 2021
- Study completion10 Aug 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Aisha Razzaq, MSPT-OMPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05045521
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/00850 Tehmina Gul
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 23 Aug 2021
- Last updated
- 16 Sep 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
1) Ahsan M. A Comparative Study of Different Types of Warm-up Effect on Postural Stability and Isokinetic Strength. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019;10
Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Henriquez-Olguin C, Baez EB, Martinez C, Andrade DC, Izquierdo M. Effects of plyometric training on endurance and explosive strength performance in competitive middle- and long-distance runners. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):97-104. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1f44c.
PubMed 23838975Ruben RM, Molinari MA, Bibbee CA, Childress MA, Harman MS, Reed KP, Haff GG. The acute effects of an ascending squat protocol on performance during horizontal plyometric jumps. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Feb;24(2):358-69. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc26e0.
PubMed 20072064Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Keiper FB, Tevlin W, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Hoffman JR. Effects of a short-term plyometric and resistance training program on fitness performance in boys age 12 to 15 years. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Dec 1;6(4):519-25. eCollection 2007.
PubMed 24149486Kotzamanidis C. Effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 May;20(2):441-5. doi: 10.1519/R-16194.1.
PubMed 16686577Jung AP. The impact of resistance training on distance running performance. Sports Med. 2003;33(7):539-52. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333070-00005.
PubMed 12762828Wei C, Yu L, Duncan B, Renfree A. A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Front Physiol. 2020 Mar 12;11:197. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00197. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32226393Lum D, Tan F, Pang J, Barbosa TM. Effects of intermittent sprint and plyometric training on endurance running performance. J Sport Health Sci. 2019 Sep;8(5):471-477. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 17.
PubMed 31534822Grieco CR, Cortes N, Greska EK, Lucci S, Onate JA. Effects of a combined resistance-plyometric training program on muscular strength, running economy, and Vo2peak in division I female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Sep;26(9):2570-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823db1cf.
PubMed 22105047Hurley BF. Effects of resistive training on lipoprotein-lipid profiles: a comparison to aerobic exercise training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Dec;21(6):689-93. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198912000-00012.
PubMed 2696856Ryan AS, Ivey FM, Hurlbut DE, Martel GF, Lemmer JT, Sorkin JD, Metter EJ, Fleg JL, Hurley BF. Regional bone mineral density after resistive training in young and older men and women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004 Feb;14(1):16-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00328.x.
PubMed 14723783
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Sep 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Plyometric and Resistance Warmup on Running Performance in Recreational Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05045521
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/00850 Tehmina Gul
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Flexibility, Plyometric warm up, resistance warm up, running performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Aug 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: Active Warm up is one of the best and commonly used techniques in athletes that can induce special type of cardiovascular and metabolic changes that can bring the prominent change in running performance. Warm up prepares the body to withstand the high intensity exercises and improves the athletic performance and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury.
Objective: The objectives of study are to compare two types of warm up resistance and plyometric warm up in recreational athletes to improve running performance.
Detailed description
Warm up is initial practices before starting exercise with usual concept to enhance the overall performance generally known as warm up. Often prior to initiate specific sport it is recommended to do cardiovascular warm like stretching for at least 10 to 20 minutes. As believed by and proven to many sport coaches that warm up decline the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, improve player performance in particular sport by helps to upgrade body temperature, excel the muscle potential, decrease muscle stiffness as well as resistance, regulate muscle contractile units, increase heart rate and blood flow toward muscles, increase oxygen saturation, improve and regulate neuro-muscular electrical signals to achieve best outcome in competition.
Types of Warm Up:
Different types of warm up like active, passive and mixed regimes are generally recommended previous to any sport, different researches and studies have been conducted to seek the effects of various warm up protocols and their impact on athletes performance. Stretching, treadmill walking, plyometric exercises are frequently directed for warm up.
Plyometric warmup are heavy strength regimes may include works out like jumping, additionally called plyometric works out, ordinarily used to expand strength through the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). This sort of preparing is a profoundly successful neuromuscular boost, with the benefit of requiring low physical space, time and it also require less training equipment to finish the training sittings. Present moment plyometric programs positively affect endurance running execution or running economy.
Resistance training improvement can improve running mechanics. Improved biomechanical efficiency and improved joint activation and coordination of leg muscles may enable a reduction in relative workload. Improved Running Mechanisms Combining neuromuscular efficiency and strength can reduce oxygen consumption and thus improve running economy and ultimately performance Indeed, the combination of HRT and plyometric training may facilitate further improvements in the running economy through the accumulation of adaptations previously observed when any type of training is run alone.
Previously investigated the effects of short term resistance training program and plyometric training on fitness performance in boys aged 12 to 15 years and concluded that plyometric training improved the running velocity. A study effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys it stated that plyometric training programme causes higher muscle tension compared to resistance training and energy is more stored and released during muscle shortening for this reason plyometric training is widely recommended for improving the running economy. A study was done on The Impact of Resistance Training on Distance Running Performance concluded that the running economy improved up to 8% with the help of resistance training programme but it improves the running performance in only trained runners. Even a small improvement in running economy could have a large impact on distance running performance, particularly in longer events, such as marathons or ultra-marathon. A study Effects of plyometric training on endurance and explosive strength performance in competitive middle- and long-distance runners.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| plyometric warm up group | Experimental | Other: plyometric warm up groupset of active exercises used as warm up protocol. |
| resistance warm up group | Experimental | Other: resistance warm upwarm up protocol on treadmill wearing weighted jacket |
| control | Active comparator | Other: control warm up groupwarm up protocol on treadmill without weights |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- • Both male and female gender
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- • Any cardiovascular and neurological diseases,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| plyometric warm up groupparticipants will be asked to do 10 minutes self-paced jog on motorized treadmill. During the plyometric intervention, subjects will perform the 2 * 8 squat jumps, 2 * 8 scissor jumps, and 2 * 8 double leg bounds (2 sets of 8 repetitions) as a part of warm-up, and will have 60 s to recover between each set. Prior to the intervention, participants will be shown the technique to be used during jumping through use of three videos. | Other | plyometric warm up group |
| resistance warm upparticipants will be asked to do 10 minutes self-paced jog on motorized treadmill. After the jog participants will perform the 6*10s strides with the 15% of the weight. Velocity of the strides will be controlled by the participants. Warmup will be followed by the 10minutes rest | Other | resistance warm up group |
| control warm up groupparticipants will be asked to do 10 minutes self-paced jog on a motorized treadmill. After the jog participants will perform the 6*10s strides without the weight. Velocity of the strides will be controlled by the participants. Warmup will be followed by the 10minutes rest The total amount of time spended in each of the three warm-up protocols will be recorded. Participants will be instructed to wear the same pair of running shoes during the three tests. | Other | control |
Primary outcome
Incremental Test. (Time of Exhaustion)
Time frame: day 1
Initial velocity will be 7 km h/1 and increased by 1 km h/1every 3 min up to 10 km h/1. The gradient of the motorized treadmill will be set at 1% to simulate the air resistance that athletes experience on an outdoor track. During the incremental test, at 10 km h/1, the gradient will be increased by 2.5% every 2 min until exhaustion. total distance and the time of exhaustion was noted.
4 secondary outcomes
Modified Borg Scale (Rate of Perceived Exertion)
Time frame: day 1
Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS)
Time frame: day 1
Cardiopulmonary Yo- Yo Test. (Endurance Competition)
Time frame: day 2
sargent jump test
Time frame: day 1
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Sep 2021.
- Background1) Ahsan M. A Comparative Study of Different Types of Warm-up Effect on Postural Stability and Isokinetic Strength. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019;10
- Background: PubMed 23838975Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Henriquez-Olguin C, Baez EB, Martinez C, Andrade DC, Izquierdo M. Effects of plyometric training on endurance and explosive strength performance in competitive middle- and long-distance runners. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):97-104. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1f44c.
- Background: PubMed 20072064Ruben RM, Molinari MA, Bibbee CA, Childress MA, Harman MS, Reed KP, Haff GG. The acute effects of an ascending squat protocol on performance during horizontal plyometric jumps. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Feb;24(2):358-69. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc26e0.
- Background: PubMed 24149486Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Keiper FB, Tevlin W, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Hoffman JR. Effects of a short-term plyometric and resistance training program on fitness performance in boys age 12 to 15 years. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Dec 1;6(4):519-25. eCollection 2007.
- Background: PubMed 16686577Kotzamanidis C. Effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 May;20(2):441-5. doi: 10.1519/R-16194.1.
- Background: PubMed 12762828Jung AP. The impact of resistance training on distance running performance. Sports Med. 2003;33(7):539-52. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333070-00005.
- Background: PubMed 32226393Wei C, Yu L, Duncan B, Renfree A. A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Front Physiol. 2020 Mar 12;11:197. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00197. eCollection 2020.
- Background: PubMed 31534822Lum D, Tan F, Pang J, Barbosa TM. Effects of intermittent sprint and plyometric training on endurance running performance. J Sport Health Sci. 2019 Sep;8(5):471-477. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 17.
- Background: PubMed 22105047Grieco CR, Cortes N, Greska EK, Lucci S, Onate JA. Effects of a combined resistance-plyometric training program on muscular strength, running economy, and Vo2peak in division I female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Sep;26(9):2570-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823db1cf.
- Background: PubMed 2696856Hurley BF. Effects of resistive training on lipoprotein-lipid profiles: a comparison to aerobic exercise training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Dec;21(6):689-93. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198912000-00012.
- Background: PubMed 14723783Ryan AS, Ivey FM, Hurlbut DE, Martel GF, Lemmer JT, Sorkin JD, Metter EJ, Fleg JL, Hurley BF. Regional bone mineral density after resistive training in young and older men and women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004 Feb;14(1):16-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00328.x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Aisha Razzaq, MSPT-OMPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing plyometric warm up group and resistance warm up in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Sep 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Incremental Test. (Time of Exhaustion) (time frame: day 1). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05045521, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Sep 2021.