Stereotype-threatNCT05074446
Stereotype Threat Effect on CPR Performance in Covid-19 Intensive Care Units: A Randomised Controlled Mannequin Study
A study testing stereotype threat manipulation in people with Stereotype-threat and COVID-19, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Stereotype threat (ST) is an important issue that has been studied repeatedly in the psychology literature. ST is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Stereotype-threat, COVID-19
- What is being tested?
- stereotype threat manipulation
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 116 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Nov 2021to 2 Jan 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 1- To have worked in the Covid-19 intensive care unit during the pandemic
Who cannot join
- Not meeting the above criteria
- Not willing to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Stereotype threat (ST) is an important issue that has been studied repeatedly in the psychology literature. ST is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Most people are members of a social group associated with at least one negative stereotype. Therefore, many people in society may be the target of stereotype threat. Previous research has shown that the individual performance of people in groups identified with negative stereotypes, who are exposed to stereotype threat, decreases. The ST may arise when there is an environment in which the skills of the person that may be affected by a stereotype associated with his/her group can be measured, or if this stereotype has become evident.
In Covid-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of intensive care patients in our country and around the World. Due to this rapid increase, the number of intensivist physicians is insufficient, and non-intensivist physicians from various branches are assigned to intensive care units. In social media and newspaper reports, it was stated that non-intensivist physicians have insufficient knowledge and skills in intubation and in the treatment of lung infection, and the public was asked to take precautions. However, these physicians were expected to treat lung infections and intubate the patients in intensive care units during pandemics. It is unknown to what extent such negative stereotypes, established or already existing, affect the performance of non-intensivist physicians during their appointment to the intensive care units during the pandemic.
As in all other departments, the most basic task expected from doctors in intensive care units is effective basic life support applied for the treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support model that is mandatory taught in medical schools. For this reason, it is expected that all doctors, regardless of their specialties, will be able to perform CPR effectively. The use of manikins is quite common in order to standardize CPR training and performance measurement. The aim of this study is to evaluate how non-intensivist physicians assigned to intensive care units during the pandemic are affected by stereotype threat and to investigate the necessary conditions to prevent a possible decrease in performance in these physicians.
- Conditions
- Stereotype-threat, COVID-19
- Being tested
- stereotype threat manipulation
- Keywords
- stereotype threat, COVID-19 Pandemic, non-intensivist physicians, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
stereotype threat manipulationOther
Stereotype threat is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs.
Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist and non-intensivist participants in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. For manipulation, the following sentences will be said to the participants in the experimental group: "We aim to compare the cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance between intensive care units and other branches." The other participants (Control Group) will not be given any prior information.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| intensivist in the experimental group | Experimental | Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. Receives: Other: stereotype threat manipulation |
| intensivist in the control group | No intervention | The intensivist in the control group will not be given any prior information. |
| non-intensivist in the experimental group | Experimental | Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the non-intensivist in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. Receives: Other: stereotype threat manipulation |
| non-intensivist in the control group | No intervention | The non-intensivist in the control group will not be given any prior information. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Performance
Change in CPR scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Scoring will be done with the "CPR Scoring Scale" we developed. Higher values will indicate more effective CPR.
Measured: During CPR simulation
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Oct 2021
- Study start15 Nov 2021
- Primary completion15 Jun 2022
- Study completion2 Jan 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Stereotype-threatStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- It will be a 2x2 between-subject factorial design. Simulation CPR scores will be the dependent variable. Being an intensivist or non-intensivist and stereotype threat will be the independent variables of the study. There will be four groups to be compared: intensivist in the experimental group (1), intensivist in the control group (2), non-intensivist in the experimental group (3), non-intensivist in the control group (4).
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 116 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Murat Tümer, Hacettepe University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05074446
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Stereotype Threat on Covid ICU
- Status last verified
- Jan 2023
- First submitted
- 10 Oct 2021
- Last updated
- 4 Jan 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: İndividual participant data (IPD) will be anonymized to available to other researchers.
Publications
Steele CM, Aronson J. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Nov;69(5):797-811. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.69.5.797.
PubMed 7473032Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379-440). Academic Press.
Steele CM. A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. Am Psychol. 1997 Jun;52(6):613-29. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.52.6.613.
PubMed 9174398Genel Koronavirüs Tablosu. (2021). Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html
Baumgaertner, E., & Karlamangla, S. (2020, March 20). Coronavirus outbreak has doctors, nurses bracing for onslaught. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-03-20/coronavirus-doctors-nurses-fears-ventilator-icu-emergency
Katipoglu B, Madziala MA, Evrin T, Gawlowski P, Szarpak A, Dabrowska A, Bialka S, Ladny JR, Szarpak L, Konert A, Smereka J. How should we teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Randomized multi-center study. Cardiol J. 2021;28(3):439-445. doi: 10.5603/CJ.a2019.0092. Epub 2019 Sep 30.
PubMed 31565794Ontrup G, Vogel M, Wolf OT, Zahn PK, Kluge A, Hagemann V. Does simulation-based training in medical education need additional stressors? An experimental study. Ergonomics. 2020 Jan;63(1):80-90. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1677948. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
PubMed 31587619Board, T. [@tim_n_board]. (2020, March 16). #stayhome #covid [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/tim_n_board/status/1239499551419047936?s=20
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Jan 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Stereotype Threat Effect on CPR Performance in Covid-19 Intensive Care Units: A Randomised Controlled Mannequin Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05074446
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Stereotype Threat on Covid ICU
- Conditions
- Stereotype-threat, COVID-19
- Keywords
- stereotype threat, COVID-19 Pandemic, non-intensivist physicians, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 116 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Jan 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stereotype threat (ST) is an important issue that has been studied repeatedly in the psychology literature. ST is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Most people are members of a social group associated with at least one negative stereotype. Therefore, many people in society may be the target of stereotype threat. Previous research has shown that the individual performance of people in groups identified with negative stereotypes, who are exposed to stereotype threat, decreases. The ST may arise when there is an environment in which the skills of the person that may be affected by a stereotype associated with his/her group can be measured, or if this stereotype has become evident.
In Covid-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of intensive care patients in our country and around the World. Due to this rapid increase, the number of intensivist physicians is insufficient, and non-intensivist physicians from various branches are assigned to intensive care units. In social media and newspaper reports, it was stated that non-intensivist physicians have insufficient knowledge and skills in intubation and in the treatment of lung infection, and the public was asked to take precautions. However, these physicians were expected to treat lung infections and intubate the patients in intensive care units during pandemics. It is unknown to what extent such negative stereotypes, established or already existing, affect the performance of non-intensivist physicians during their appointment to the intensive care units during the pandemic.
As in all other departments, the most basic task expected from doctors in intensive care units is effective basic life support applied for the treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support model that is mandatory taught in medical schools. For this reason, it is expected that all doctors, regardless of their specialties, will be able to perform CPR effectively. The use of manikins is quite common in order to standardize CPR training and performance measurement. The aim of this study is to evaluate how non-intensivist physicians assigned to intensive care units during the pandemic are affected by stereotype threat and to investigate the necessary conditions to prevent a possible decrease in performance in these physicians.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- It will be a 2x2 between-subject factorial design. Simulation CPR scores will be the dependent variable. Being an intensivist or non-intensivist and stereotype threat will be the independent variables of the study. There will be four groups to be compared: intensivist in the experimental group (1), intensivist in the control group (2), non-intensivist in the experimental group (3), non-intensivist in the control group (4).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| intensivist in the experimental group | Experimental | Other: stereotype threat manipulationStereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. |
| intensivist in the control group | No intervention | –The intensivist in the control group will not be given any prior information. |
| non-intensivist in the experimental group | Experimental | Other: stereotype threat manipulationStereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the non-intensivist in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. |
| non-intensivist in the control group | No intervention | –The non-intensivist in the control group will not be given any prior information. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- 1- To have worked in the Covid-19 intensive care unit during the pandemic
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Not meeting the above criteria
- Not willing to participate in the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| stereotype threat manipulationStereotype threat is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist and non-intensivist participants in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. For manipulation, the following sentences will be said to the participants in the experimental group: "We aim to compare the cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance between intensive care units and other branches." The other participants (Control Group) will not be given any prior information. | Other | intensivist in the experimental group, non-intensivist in the experimental group |
Primary outcome
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Performance
Time frame: During CPR simulation
Change in CPR scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Scoring will be done with the "CPR Scoring Scale" we developed. Higher values will indicate more effective CPR.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Jan 2023.
- Background: PubMed 7473032Steele CM, Aronson J. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Nov;69(5):797-811. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.69.5.797.
- BackgroundSteele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379-440). Academic Press.
- Background: PubMed 9174398Steele CM. A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. Am Psychol. 1997 Jun;52(6):613-29. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.52.6.613.
- BackgroundGenel Koronavirüs Tablosu. (2021). Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html
- BackgroundBaumgaertner, E., & Karlamangla, S. (2020, March 20). Coronavirus outbreak has doctors, nurses bracing for onslaught. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-03-20/coronavirus-doctors-nurses-fears-ventilator-icu-emergency
- Background: PubMed 31565794Katipoglu B, Madziala MA, Evrin T, Gawlowski P, Szarpak A, Dabrowska A, Bialka S, Ladny JR, Szarpak L, Konert A, Smereka J. How should we teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Randomized multi-center study. Cardiol J. 2021;28(3):439-445. doi: 10.5603/CJ.a2019.0092. Epub 2019 Sep 30.
- Background: PubMed 31587619Ontrup G, Vogel M, Wolf OT, Zahn PK, Kluge A, Hagemann V. Does simulation-based training in medical education need additional stressors? An experimental study. Ergonomics. 2020 Jan;63(1):80-90. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1677948. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
- Results publicationBoard, T. [@tim_n_board]. (2020, March 16). #stayhome #covid [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/tim_n_board/status/1239499551419047936?s=20
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. İndividual participant data (IPD) will be anonymized to available to other researchers.
Related trials for Stereotype-threat
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing stereotype threat manipulation in people with Stereotype-threat and COVID-19, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jan 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Performance (time frame: During CPR simulation). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05074446, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jan 2023.